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SLC16A3
Identifiers
Aliases	SLC16A3, MCT 3, MCT 4, MCT-3, MCT-4, MCT3, MCT4, solute carrier family 16 member 3
External IDs	OMIM: 603877; MGI: 1933438; HomoloGene: 37900; GeneCards: SLC16A3; OMA:SLC16A3 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)
End	82,261,129 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	120,851,694 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	stromal cell of endometrium; ; monocyte; ; granulocyte; ; blood; ; nasal epithelium; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; pericardium; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; cartilage tissue; ; tendon of biceps brachii;
	Top expressed in
	muscle of thigh; ; granulocyte; ; epiblast; ; triceps brachii muscle; ; embryo; ; medial head of gastrocnemius muscle; ; knee joint; ; embryo; ; ankle; ; skeletal muscle tissue;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; symporter activity; RNA binding; lactate transmembrane transporter activity; monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity;
Cellular component	plasma membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; nuclear membrane; membrane; integral component of membrane; parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse; integral component of postsynaptic density membrane;
Biological process	monocarboxylic acid transport; pyruvate metabolic process; leukocyte migration; transmembrane transport; plasma membrane lactate transport; transport; lactate transmembrane transport;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	9123
	80879
	ENSG00000141526
	ENSMUSG00000025161
	O15427
	P57787
NM_001042422; NM_001042423; NM_001206950; NM_001206951; NM_001206952;
	NM_004207
	NM_001038653; NM_001038654; NM_030696
NP_001035887; NP_001035888; NP_001193879; NP_001193880; NP_001193881;
	NP_004198; NP_001035887.1; NP_001035888.1; NP_001193879.1; NP_001193880.1; NP_001193881.1; NP_004198.1
	NP_001033742; NP_001033743; NP_109621
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) also known as solute carrier family 16 member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC16A3 gene.^[5]^[6]

Northern and western blotting and EST database analyses showed MCT4 to be widely expressed and especially so in glycolytic tissues such as white skeletal muscle fibers, astrocytes, white blood cells, chondrocytes, and some mammalian cell lines. Because of this, it has been proposed that the properties of MCT4 might be especially appropriate for export of lactate derived from glycolysis. MCT4 exhibits a lower affinity for most substrates and inhibitors than MCT1, with Km and Ki values some 5–10-fold higher. The high Km for pyruvate may be especially significant as this avoids loss of pyruvate from the cell which, were it to occur, would prevent removal of the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) produced in glycolysis by reduction of pyruvate to lactate.

MCT4 can be upregulated by HIF-1α and AMPK.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000141526 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000025161 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Price NT, Jackson VN, Halestrap AP (Jan 1998). "Cloning and sequencing of four new mammalian monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) homologues confirms the existence of a transporter family with an ancient past". The Biochemical Journal. 329 (2): 321–8. doi:10.1042/bj3290321. PMC 1219047. PMID 9425115.
^ "Entrez Gene: SLC16A3 solute carrier family 16, member 3 (monocarboxylic acid transporter 4)".
^ Felmlee MA, Jones RS, Morris ME (2020). "Monocarboxylate Transporters (SLC16): Function, Regulation, and Role in Health and Disease". Pharmacological Reviews. 72 (2): 466–485. doi:10.1124/pr.119.018762. PMC 7062045. PMID 32144120.

Halestrap AP, Price NT (Oct 1999). "The proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family: structure, function and regulation". The Biochemical Journal. 343 (2): 281–99. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3430281. PMC 1220552. PMID 10510291.
Halestrap AP, Meredith D (Feb 2004). "The SLC16 gene family-from monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) to aromatic amino acid transporters and beyond". Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology. 447 (5): 619–28. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1067-2. PMID 12739169. S2CID 15498611.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (Oct 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
Kirk P, Wilson MC, Heddle C, Brown MH, Barclay AN, Halestrap AP (Aug 2000). "CD147 is tightly associated with lactate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 and facilitates their cell surface expression". The EMBO Journal. 19 (15): 3896–904. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.15.3896. PMC 306613. PMID 10921872.
Philp NJ, Wang D, Yoon H, Hjelmeland LM (Apr 2003). "Polarized expression of monocarboxylate transporters in human retinal pigment epithelium and ARPE-19 cells". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 44 (4): 1716–21. doi:10.1167/iovs.02-0287. PMID 12657613.
Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M (Nov 2006). "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks". Cell. 127 (3): 635–48. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026. PMID 17081983. S2CID 7827573.
Wang Q, Morris ME (Aug 2007). "The role of monocarboxylate transporter 2 and 4 in the transport of gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid in mammalian cells". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 35 (8): 1393–9. doi:10.1124/dmd.107.014852. PMID 17502341. S2CID 11072905.