Miss New York

For the state pageant affiliated with Miss USA, see Miss New York USA.
Miss New York Scholarship Competition
Formation1921
TypeBeauty pageant
HeadquartersNew York City
Location
MembershipMiss America
Official language
English
Websitemiss-newyork.org

The Miss New York scholarship competition selects the representative for the state of New York in the Miss America scholarship competition.

In the fall of 2018, the Miss America Organization terminated the Miss New York organization's license as well as licenses from Florida, Georgia, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia. In March 2019, the license was awarded to Sloane Lewis and Jamie Hickman, along with a board of directors consisting of 13 members.[1][2]

Abigail Quammen of Manhattan was crowned Miss New York 2024 on July 6, 2024, at the Paramount Theatre in Peekskill, New York. She will compete for the title of Miss America 2025.

Miss New York has won the Miss America crown seven times (and is the first state to produce winners three years in a row):[3]

Results summary

The following is a visual summary of the past results of Miss New York titleholders at the national Miss America pageants/competitions. The year in parentheses indicates the year of the national competition during which a placement and/or award was garnered, not the year attached to the contestant's state title.

Placements

  • Miss Americas: Bess Myerson (1945), Tawny Godin (1976), Vanessa Williams (1984), Mallory Hagan (2013), Nina Davuluri (2014), Kira Kazantsev (2015), Nia Franklin (2019)
  • 1st runners-up: Virginia Lee (1921), Dorothy Knapp (1922) Ethelda Kenvin (1923), Florence Meyer (1933), Joan Kaible (1954), Marisol Montalvo (1992), Taryn Delanie Smith (2023)
  • 2nd runners-up: Heather Eulalie Walker (1923), Kaitlin Monte (2012), Camille Sims (2017)
  • 3rd runners-up: Lillian O'Donnell (1941), Milena Mae Miller (1943), Leigh-Taylor Smith (2009), Sydney Park (2022)
  • 4th runners-up: Alice Beatrice Roberts (tie) (1924), Sonja Anderson (1977), Andrea Plummer (2002)
  • Top 10: Margie Booth (1924), Edith Higgins (1925), Fern Jackson (1925), Alice Beatrice Roberts (1925), Annyse Sherman (1942), Joan Kayne (1953), Bonnie Jo Marquis (1960), Patricia Burmeister (1969), Linda Trybus (1970), Katherine Karlsrud (1971), Kelli Krull (1980), Cheryl Flanagan (1981), Suzanne Alexander (1982), Mary-Ann Farrell (1985), Helen Goldsby (1996), Tiffany Walker (2003), Christina Ellington (2005)
  • Top 11: Amelia Collins (2024)
  • Top 12: Renee Vera Hall (1935), Betty Jo Dazey (1944), Claire Buffie (2011)
  • Top 15: Catherine Kennedy (1926), Ruth K. Patterson (1926), Dorothea B. Ditner (1927), Freida Louise Mierse (1927), Elissa Winston (1938), Barbara Beech (1938), Clare E. Foley (1939), Grace DeWitt (1941), Raven Malone (1947), Connie Inge Ronde (1948), Loreen Osgood (1949), Lauren Molella (2020)
  • Top 16: Helen Fleiss (1937), Grace Travis (1937), Evelyn Raye (1937), Violet Mellar (1946), Eileen Henry (1946), Phyllis Battleson (1951)

Awards

Preliminary awards

Non-finalist awards

  • Non-finalist Talent: Barbara Gloede (1964), Marsha Metrinko (1964), Julie Just (1965), Kari Pedersen (1968), Eileen Clark (1983), Jill Privateer (1986), Mia Seminoff (1989), Lisa Marie Molella (1990), Ingrid Olsen (1993), Brandi Burkhardt (2000), Bethlene Pancoast (2007)

Other awards

  • Miss Congeniality: Violet Mellar (1946), Susan Jane Talbert (1961)
  • Dr. David B. Allman Medical Scholarship: Katherine Karlsrud (1971)
  • America's Choice: Claire Buffie (2011)
  • Charles & Theresa Brown Scholarship: Kira Kazantsev (2015)
  • Evening Dress Award Runner-up: Eileen Snyder (1923)
  • Intercity Beauty Award Third Prize: Dorothy Hughes (1922)
  • Professional Beauty Award: Virginia Lee (1921), Dorothy Knapp (1922)
  • Professional Beauty Award Second Prize: Pauline Virginia Dakla (1922)
  • Quality of Life Award Finalists: Kaitlin Monte (2012)
  • Roller Chair Parade Fifth Prize: Ethelda Kenvin (1923)
  • STEM Scholarship Award 2nd runners-up: Lauren Molella (2020)

Winners

  •   Declared as winner
  •   Ended as a runner-up
  •   Ended as a finalist or semi-finalist
Year Name Hometown Age Local Title Miss America Talent Placement at Miss America Special scholarships at Miss America Notes
2024 Abigail Quammen Manhattan 24 Miss Empire Vocal TBA TBA Previously Miss Kentucky's Outstanding Teen 2017
2023 Amelia Collins Minot, North Dakota 21 Miss Manhattan Lyrical Dance Top 11 Previously Miss Tennessee Volunteer; 3rd Runner-Up to Miss Volunteer America 2022
2022 Taryn Delanie Smith[4] Manhattan 25 Miss Greater New York Vocal 1st Runner-Up First Runner Up at Miss New York 2021. Second Runner Up at Miss Washington 2017. Fourth Runner Up at Miss Washington 2016. Top 10 at Miss Washington 2015.
2021 Sydney Park[5] South Bronx 25 Miss Five Boroughs Original Monologue 3rd runner-up Preliminary Talent Award First Runner Up at Miss New York 2019
2019–20[a] Lauren Molella[7][8] Millbrook 23 Miss Upstate New York Ballet en Pointe Top 15[9] STEM Scholarship Award 2nd runner-up[10] Daughter of Miss Massachusetts 1983 and National Sweetheart 1982, Holly Mayer, and niece of Miss New York 1989, Lisa Molella[11]

Previously Miss New York's Outstanding Teen 2011[11]
2018 Rahmeka Cox[12] New York City Miss Southern Tier Vocal Did not compete; originally 1st runner-up, later assumed title when Franklin won Miss America 2019[13]
Nia Franklin[13][14] Brooklyn 25 Miss Five Boroughs Operatic Vocal, "Quando m'en vò" from La bohème Winner[15]
2017 Gabrielle Walter[16] Clarence 24 Miss Western New York Broadway Vocal, "You'll Never Walk Alone" from Carousel
2016 Camille Sims[17] Ithaca 23 Miss Pride of New York Vocal, "Sway" 2nd runner-up[18] Previously Miss Georgia's Outstanding Teen 2010[19]
2nd runner-up at Miss America's Outstanding Teen 2011 pageant[20]
2015 Jamie Lynn Macchia[21] Eltingville 23 Miss Greater New York Lyrical Dance "I Was Here" by Beyoncé 1st runner-up at National Sweetheart 2014 pageant
2014 Jillian Tapper 23 Miss Southern Tier Did not compete; originally 3rd runner-up, later assumed title when Kazantsev won Miss America 2015
Kira Kazantsev[22] Manhattan 23 Miss City of New York Vocal with Cup Percussion, "Happy" by Pharrell Williams Winner[23] Charles & Theresa Brown Scholarship[24]
2013 Amanda Mason Manhattan 24 Miss Manhattan Classical Vocal Did not compete; later assumed title when Davuluri won Miss America 2014
Nina Davuluri[25] Fayetteville 24 Miss Syracuse Bollywood Fusion Dance, "Dhoom Tana" from Om Shanti Om Winner[26] Previously Miss Michigan's Outstanding Teen 2006[27]
1st runner-up at Miss America's Outstanding Teen 2007 pageant[28]

First Indian American crowned Miss America

First to perform Bollywood dance at a Miss America pageant
2012 Shannon Oliver Manhattan 25 Miss Metropolitan Operatic Vocal Did not compete; later assumed title when Hagan won Miss America 2013[29]
Mallory Hagan[30] Brooklyn 23 Miss New York City Tap Dance, "Get Up Offa That Thing" Winner[31]
2011 Kaitlin Monte[32] Pittsford 22 Miss Southern New York Vocal, "Disneyland" from Smile 2nd runner-up Preliminary Lifestyle & Fitness Award

Quality of Life Award Finalist 		1st runner-up at National Sweetheart 2008 pageant as Miss Florida
2010 Claire Buffie[33] New York City 24 Miss Southeast New York Jazz Dance, "Bye Bye Blackbird" Top 12 America's Choice Contestant at National Sweetheart 2008 pageant as Miss Indiana
2009 Alyse Zwick Scarsdale 23 Miss Westchester County Ballet en Pointe Preliminary Lifestyle & Fitness Award Contestant at National Sweetheart 2008 pageant, now works for WTVT in Tampa, Florida[34]
2008 Leigh-Taylor Smith New York City 22 Miss Brooklyn Vocal, "Say the Word" 3rd runner-up Preliminary Lifestyle & Fitness Award
2007 Elisabeth Baldanza Oneonta 23 Miss Empire Rose Contemporary Ballet, "Your Daddy's Son" from Ragtime
2006 Bethlene Pancoast Brooklyn 24 Miss Heart of New York A cappella Tap Dance Non-finalist Talent Award
2005 Kandice Pelletier New York City 24 Miss Greater New York City Musical Theatre Dance, "Queenie Was a Blonde" from The Wild Party Previously National Sweetheart 2003 as Miss Georgia

Contestant on The Amazing Race 10 and The Amazing Race 11 with fellow Miss America contestant, Dustin-Leigh Konzelman
2004 Christina Ellington New York City 22 Miss Southern New York Classical Vocal, "My Man's Gone Now" Top 10 4th runner-up at National Sweetheart 2003 pageant
2003 Jessica Lynch New York City 24 Miss New York City Jazz Dance en Pointe, "America" Contestant at National Sweetheart 2002 pageant
2002 Tiffany Walker Brooklyn 22 Miss New York City Interpretive Modern Dance, "Bridge Over Troubled Water" Top 10 Preliminary Swimsuit Award
2001 Andrea Plummer New York City 23 Miss New York City Ballet en Pointe, "Forrest Gump Suite" 4th runner-up
2000 Kelly Falgiano Lancaster 21 Miss Amherst Classical Piano, Sonata Pathétique by Beethoven
1999 Brandi Burkhardt Pasadena, MD 20 Miss Manhattan Vocal, "Take Me As I Am" from Jekyll & Hyde Non-finalist Talent Award Previously Miss Maryland Teen USA 1997
1998 Deana Herrera Staten Island 20 Miss Staten Island Jazz Dance, "Shoeless Joe from Hannibal, Mo." from Damn Yankees
1997 Lisa Esler Northville 21 Miss Fulton County Vocal, "Memory"
1996 Tammy Harris Williamstown 24 Miss Oswego County Dance, "O Fortuna"
1995 Sunita Param Buffalo Miss Buffalo Did not compete; later assumed title when Goldsby resigned
Starred in American Desi, Miss Match, several national commercials[citation needed]
Helen Goldsby Brooklyn 24 Miss Orange County Classical Vocal, "Chi Il Bel Sogno di Doretta" from La Rondine Top 10 Preliminary Talent Award Title removed by pageant officials[35]
1994 Dione Lee Robinson Gansevoort 21 Miss Northeastern New York Dramatic Monologue
1993 Marcia Cillan New York City 23 Miss Manhattan Vocal, "I Am Changing"
1992 Ingrid Olsen Port Jefferson 22 Miss Greater Syracuse Classical Vocal, "Steal Me, Sweet Thief" from The Old Maid and the Thief Non-finalist Talent Award
1991 Marisol Montalvo Holbrook 23 Miss Long Island Classical Vocal, "Tu che di gel sei cinta" from Turandot 1st runner-up Preliminary Talent Award
1990 Maryalice Demler Buffalo 26 Miss Buffalo Dramatic Soliloquy, "Shall I Tell You What I Think of You?" from The King and I Currently evening news anchor for WGRZ-TV in Buffalo[citation needed]
1989 Lisa Marie Molella Millbrook 24 Miss Dutchess County Vocal Medley, "That's Life" & "But the World Goes 'Round" Non-finalist Talent Award Aunt of Miss New York's Outstanding Teen 2011 and Miss New York 2019, Lauren Molella

Sister-in-law of Miss Massachusetts 1983 & National Sweetheart 1982, Holly Mayer[36]
1988 Mia Seminoff New York City 23 Miss Manhattan Classical Ballet en pointe, La Esmeralda Non-finalist Talent Award
1987 Alice Knisley Staten Island 21 Miss Metropolitan New York City Vocal Medley
1986 Dawan McPeak New York City 25 Gymnastics Dance Later Mrs. Texas 2001
1985 Jill Privateer Fredonia 21 Miss Buffalo Vocal, "Shine On, Harvest Moon" Non-finalist Talent Award
1984 Mary-Ann Farrell New York City 22 Miss Manhattan Classical Piano, Danzas Argentinas Top 10 Preliminary Talent Award Sister of Miss Florida 1985, Monica Farrell, and Miss Illinois 1992, Kathleen Farrell

Aunt of Miss Ohio 2022, Elizabetta Nies

1983 Melissa Manning 26 Miss Westchester County Did not compete; later assumed title when Williams won Miss America 1984
Vanessa Williams[37] Millwood 20 Miss Greater Syracuse Popular Vocal, "Happy Days Are Here Again" Winner[37] Preliminary Swimsuit Award

Preliminary Talent Award 		First African American Miss America[37]

Resigned on July 23, 1984, after Penthouse was to publish nude photos of Williams without her consent[38]
1982 Eileen Clark Syracuse 23 Miss Greater Syracuse Classical Vocal, "Glitter and Be Gay" from Candide Non-finalist Talent Award
1981 Suzanne Alexander Lyons Falls 20 Miss Oneida County Classical Vocal, "Vissi d'arte" from Tosca Top 10 Preliminary Talent Award
1980 Cheryl Flanagan Rochester 18 Miss Greater Rochester Tap Dance, Medley from That's Entertainment, Part II Top 10 Preliminary Talent Award
1979 Kelli Krull Buffalo 21 Miss Niagara Falls Baton Twirling Exhibition, "If My Friends Could See Me Now" Top 10 Preliminary Talent Award
1978 Paula Pope Lockport 21 Miss Greater Colonie Piano, "Piano Concerto" by Tchaikovsky
1977 Lesly Braun Pelham Manor 23 Miss Staten Island Flute Medley, "Take the "A" Train" & "Sir Duke"
1976 Sonja Anderson New York City 25 Miss Manhattan Vocal, "And This Is My Beloved" 4th runner-up Preliminary Talent Award Previously Miss New York USA 1975
1975 Mary Hinterberger 21 Miss Thousand Islands Did not compete; later assumed title when Godin won Miss America 1976
Tawny Godin Yonkers 18 Miss Saratoga Springs Original Piano Composition, "Images in Pastels" Winner Later Los Angeles news anchor[citation needed]
1974 Kris Krull Niagara Falls 22 Miss Erie County East Jazz Dance, "Superstar" from Jesus Christ Superstar
1973 Joann Miller Cheektowaga 20 Jazz Dance
1972 Judith Keithley Rochester 19 Miss Rochester Piano, Rhapsody in Blue
1971 Elisabeth Condon Angola 21 Miss Niagara Falls Acro Jazz Ballet from Applause
1970 Katherine Karlsrud Mamaroneck 18 Miss Westchester Harp, "Whirlwind" by Carlos Salzedo Top 10 Dr. David B. Allman Medical Scholarship First Allman Scholarship recipient to graduate from medical school[citation needed]
1969 Linda Trybus Snyder 20 Miss Amherst Song & Dance Medley from Mary Poppins Top 10
1968 Patricia Burmeister Portville 24 Miss Rochester Classical Vocal, "L'Air des clochettes" from Lakmé Top 10
1967 Kari Pedersen Staten Island 21 Miss Staten Island Classical Vocal, "Vissi d'arte" from Tosca Non-finalist Talent Award
1966 Penelope Donoghue Yonkers 22 Miss Westchester Modern Dance
1965 Marlene Butcher Hamburg 19 Miss Dunkirk Vocal / Dance, "I Ain't Down Yet" from The Unsinkable Molly Brown
1964 Julie Just Buffalo 20 Miss Tri-County Popular Vocal, "Any Place I Hang My Hat Is Home" Non-finalist Talent Award
1963 Barbara Gloede Staten Island Miss New York Vocal & Pantomime, "Guide to World Capitals" Non-finalist Talent Award Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Marsha Metrinko New York City Miss New York City Tap Dance, "Just in Time" & "Blues" Non-finalist Talent Award
1962 Paula Heins Le Roy 19 Miss New York Vocal, "Climb Ev'ry Mountain" from The Sound of Music Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Margaret Mary Warncke Flushing 22 Miss New York City Vocal, "Mira" from Carnival! Special Judge's Award
1961 Kathryn Moden Buffalo 20 Miss New York Dramatic Reading from A Midsummer Night's Dream Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Maryann Hillyer New York City 20 Miss New York City Vocal, "The Song Is You"
1960 Susan Talbert Ogdensburg 19 Miss New York Dance Miss Congeniality Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Sherrylyn Patecell New York City Miss New York City
1959 Bonnie Jo Marquis Huntington 19 Miss New York Vocal & Dance, "Whatever Lola Wants" Top 10 Preliminary Swimsuit Award Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Elizabeth Holmes Malverne 19 Miss New York City Vocal Impersonation of Maurice Chevalier
1958 Miriam Sanderson Rensselaer Miss New York French Vocal, "Serenade" by Sigmund Romberg Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Bette June Piller New York City Miss New York City Speech on Art
1957 Janet Corrigan Huntington Miss New York Vocal, "True Love" Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Astrid Papamichael New York City Miss New York City Vocal
1956 Lael Jackson Specialty Number Competed under local title at respective Miss America pageant
1955 Diana Deutsch Art Sketching
1954 Heather Taferner Classical Vocal, "L'Air des clochettes" from Lakmé Preliminary Talent Award (tie)
1953 Jeannine Bowman Rome Miss New York Drama Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Joan Kaible New York City Miss New York City Classical Vocal, "Qual fiamma avea nel guardo" from Pagliacci 1st runner-up
1952 Joan St. John Binghamton Miss New York Vocal Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Joan Kayne New York City Miss New York City Dance Top 10 Preliminary Talent Award
1951 Louise Orlando Syracuse Miss New York Vocal Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Sandy Scott New York City Miss New York City Vocal
1950 Marilyn Reynolds Syracuse Miss New York Vocal, "I'll Take Romance" Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Phyllis Battleson New York City Miss New York City Classical Vocal, "Mon cœur s'ouvre à ta voix" Top 16
1949 Wanda Nalepa New York City Miss New York Speech, "Nursing" Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Loreen Osgood New York City Miss New York City Piano, "The Blue Danube" Top 15
1948 M. Yvonne Fix Niagara Falls Miss New York Classical Vocal, "Un bel di" from Madama Butterfly Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Connie Inge Ronde New York City Miss New York City Dramatic Reading, "State of the Union" Top 15
1947 Lynn Faune Brooklyn Miss Brooklyn Vocal, "I Come From Brooklyn" Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Carol Fredericks Harrison Miss New York Tap Dance
Raven Malone New York City Miss New York City Vocal, "Put the Blame on Mame" Top 15 Preliminary Swimsuit Award
1946 Violet Mellar White Plains Miss New York Recitation, "True to the End" Top 16 Miss Congeniality Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Eileen Henry New York City Miss New York City Dramatic Monologue from Saint Joan Top 16 Preliminary Swimsuit Award
1945 June Jenkins Elmont Miss New York Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Bess Myerson 21 Miss New York City Piano & Flute, "Piano Concerto in A Minor" & "Summertime" Winner[39] Preliminary Swimsuit Award

Preliminary Talent Award (tie) 		First Jewish American to win Miss America pageant

First New York titleholder to be named Miss America
1944 Bobby MacAdam Brooklyn Miss New York Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Betty Jo Dazey New York City Miss New York City Vocal Medley, "Goodnight, Wherever You Are" & "Swinging on a Star" Top 12
1943 Marion Butler Miss New York Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Milena Miller New York City Miss New York City Vocal, "I Can't Get Started Without You" 3rd runner-up
1942 Catherine Victoria Zambon Miss Central New York Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Marion Moselle Utica Miss New York Preliminary Talent Award
Annyse Sherman New York City Miss New York City Vocal, "My Hero" from The Chocolate Soldier Top 10
1941 Charlotte Winstanley Miss Lake Mohopac Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Grace DeWitt New York City Miss New York City Top 15
Lillian O'Donnell Yonkers Miss Westchester County 3rd runner-up
1940 Geraldine Anne Racine Miss Eastern New York Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Constantine Gray Yonkers Miss Westchester County
Gloria Elizabeth Sheehan Buffalo Miss Western New York
1939 Grayce M. Reilly Miss Coney Island Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Clare E. Foley Miss Eastern New York Vocal Comedy & Dance Top 15
Lillian Evelyn Hessen Annadale Miss Staten Island
1938 Barbara Beech Brooklyn Miss Brooklyn Top 15 Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Elissa Winston Miss Empire State Top 15
Marion Rosamund Miss Long Island
Adeline Shull Miss Long Island Sound
1937 Helen Fleiss The Bronx Miss Bronx Top 16 Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Dorothy Armstrong Whitesboro Miss Empire State
Grace Travis New York City Miss New York City Vocal Top 16 Preliminary Talent Award
Irene Alice Vanderburgh Watervliet Miss Troy
Evelyn Raye New Rochelle Miss Westchester County Top 16
1936 Evelyn Lemhart Miss Long Island Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Susan Georgianna Green Bolwar Miss Western New York
1935 Grace Travis Brooklyn Miss Brooklyn Piano Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Vera Haal The Bronx Miss New York Top 12
Laura Baker Poughkeepsie Miss Poughkeepsie
1934
No national pageant was held[40]
1933 Florence Meyer 19 Miss New York 1st runner-up
Elsie Donath Miss New York City did not compete Withdrew from competition and did not compete
1932
No national pageants were held[40]
1931
1930
1929
1928
1927 Kay Armstrong Miss Buffalo Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Name not known Miss Central New York
Laura Belle Cooper Miss Jamestown
Peggy Louise Proctor Miss Lockport
Freida Louise Mierse Miss New York City Top 15
Name not known Miss Riverside
Dorothea B. Ditner Miss Rochester Top 15
Margaret Lockwood Miss Utica
Eva M. Bergman Miss Watertown
Betty Schwartz Miss Western New York
Emma Sackett Miss Yonkers
1926 Florence Meyer Miss Bay Ridge Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Ruth K. Patterson Miss Greater New York Top 15
Name not known Miss Oswego
Catherine Kennedy Miss Yonkers Top 15
1925 Ethel Groesback Miss Bay Ridge Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Edith Higgins Miss Bronx Top 10
Peggy Moore Miss Brooklyn
Alice Beatrice Roberts Miss Greater New York Top 10
Fern Jackson Miss Syracuse Top 10
Florence V. Andrews Miss Watertown
Emma Soltis Miss Westchester
Wilma Ansell Miss Yonkers
Kathryn Ray Miss Coney Island did not compete Withdrew from pageant
Audrey Jean Austin Miss Manhattan did not compete
1924 Dorothea Kenna Miss Bay Ridge Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at Miss America pageant
Frances Harten Miss Bronx
Hildur Johnson Miss Brooklyn
Agnes I. Leonard Miss Coney Island
Margie Booth Brooklyn Miss Greater New York Top 10
Alice Beatrice Roberts Miss Manhattan 4th runner-up (tie)
Mary Griggs Miss Newburgh
Mary Carlson Miss Queens
Melise Danning Miss Richmond
Katherine Skuse Miss Rochester
Alma Jeanne Williams Miss Syracuse
Hilda Farrell Miss Watertown
Florence Kreisler Miss Yonkers
1923 Peggy Ross[41] Albany Miss Albany N/A[42] Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at national pageant
Bonita C. Bement[43] Binghamton Miss Binghamton
Edithea Lois Wild[44] Brooklyn 15 Miss Brighton Beach
Ethelda Kenvin[41] Brooklyn 24 Miss Brooklyn 1st runner-up[45] Roller Chair Parade Fifth Prize[46] Married baseball player, E.D. Barnes, in 1921[47]
Irene Knight[41] Buffalo Miss Buffalo Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at national pageant
Heather Eulalie Walker[48] Coney Island Miss Coney Island 2nd runner-up[49] Star of the lost musical film, Hit the Deck, opposite Jack Oakie[50]
Peggy Verna Shevlin[48] New York City Miss New York City Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at national pageant
Nelda Tell[48] Niagara Falls Miss Niagara Falls
Reta Cowles[51] Rochester Miss Rochester
Eileen Snyder[52] Syracuse Miss Syracuse Evening Dress Award Runner-up[52]
1922 Helen Agnes Searles[53] Binghamton Miss Binghamton Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at national pageant
Ruth Andrea[54] Brighton Beach Miss Brighton Beach
Bertha Rent[55] Buffalo Miss Buffalo
Lillian Harnach[54] Long Beach Miss Long Beach
Pauline Virginia Dakla[56] Miss New York Professional Beauty Award Second Prize[57] Appeared in the Broadway productions of Bombo, The Passing Show of 1922, and The Whirl of New York[58][59][60]
Dorothy Knapp[61][62] New York City 17 Miss New York City 1st runner-up[63] Professional Beauty Award[56] Multiple New York representatives

Contestants competed under local title at national pageant
Mildred Moon[63] Rochester Miss Rochester
Dorothy Hughes[54] Rockaway Beach Miss Rockaway Beach Intercity Beauty Award Third Prize[64]
Roberta Cooper[65] Schenectady Miss Schenectady
Mary Hlavka[54] South Beach Miss South Beach
M. Rosamond Fahey[53] Syracuse Miss Syracuse
Janette Adams[66] Utica Miss Utica
1921 Virginia Lee[67] New York City 20 Miss New York City Professional Beauty Award[67] Competed as Miss New York City at national pageant

Notes

  1. ^ Titleholder extended to a full year in 2020 after state and national pageants postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[6]

References

  1. ^ Parry, Wayne (October 8, 2018). "Miss America Organization strikes back at rebellious states". The Associated Press.
  2. ^ Parry, Wayne (December 5, 2018). "Miss America terminates agreements with NJ, NY and FL". The Associated Press.
  3. ^ Friedman, Molly (September 15, 2014). "The secrets behind New York's stunning three Miss America wins in a row". New York Daily News.
  4. ^ "Photos and results: Staten Island contestants take honors at Miss New York 2022 pageant". silive. 2022-05-31. Retrieved 2022-06-14.
  5. ^ "Miss New York 2021 crowned at Paramount Theater in Peekskill". News 12 - Connecticut. May 30, 2021. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
  6. ^ Kuperinksy, Amy (May 8, 2020). "Miss America postpones pageant until 2021, N.J. pageant still set for September". Press of Atlantic City.
  7. ^ Brock, Chris (June 11, 2019). "Miss T.I. Pageant dissolves over disagreements with Miss America Organization". Watertown Daily Times. Lauren Molella, Miss Upstate New York, won the competition.
  8. ^ Gallo Farrell, Barbara (June 19, 2019). "Miss New York is a Millbrook native, Dutchess Community College instructor". Poughkeepsie Journal.
  9. ^ "Miss America 2020 Pageant: Top 15 Contestants Revealed LIVE". Heavy.com. December 19, 2019.
  10. ^ "Miss America 2020 Scholarship Award Winners Announced". Miss America Organization. December 19, 2019.
  11. ^ a b "Lauren Molella named Miss New York Outstanding Teen". SILive.com. Retrieved 2018-02-22.
  12. ^ Benanti, Carol Ann (November 14, 2018). "Miss Staten Island pageant set for Sunday: Get a preview of the contestants". SI Live. A homecoming reception was held last weekend for Franklin at Lincoln Center, where she crowned her successor Rahmeka Cox, the first runner up.
  13. ^ a b Benanti, Carol Ann (July 6, 2018). "ICYMI: Miss Five Boroughs crowned Miss New York at state pageant". SI Live. Rahmeka Cox, a New York University grad, was named first runner-up.
  14. ^ "Winston-Salem native wins Miss New York". Winston-Salem Journal. June 30, 2018.
  15. ^ Melas, Chloe (September 10, 2018). "Miss America 2019 is Nia Franklin". CNN.
  16. ^ "A new Miss New York is crowned at the St. George Theatre". silive.com. May 28, 2017.
  17. ^ "Miss New York 2016: Camille Sims, aka 'Miss Pride,' wins coveted crown". blog.silive.com. May 29, 2016.
  18. ^ Boscia, Ted (September 2016). "Miss New York Camille Sims fights for social justice". Ezra Magazine.
  19. ^ "Miss Georgia Scholarship Pageant". missga.org.
  20. ^ "2010 Scholarships". Miss America's Outstanding Teen.
  21. ^ Dickens, Aaron (June 8, 2015). "SI Native Crowned Miss New York 2015". New York City: NY1. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
  22. ^ Benanti, Carol Ann (May 24, 2014). "Miss New York: Kira Kazantsev takes the top crown at Staten Island's St. George Theater". Staten Island Advance. Staten Island. Retrieved May 24, 2014.
  23. ^ "A threepeat: Miss New York Kira Kazantsev crowned Miss America". CNN. September 15, 2014. Retrieved September 15, 2014.
  24. ^ "2015 Miss America Pageant Scholarship Winners". Miss America. Archived from the original on August 18, 2015.
  25. ^ "Nina Davuluri named Miss New York at Staten Island's St. George Theatre". www.silive.com. 2013-07-14. Retrieved 2013-07-14.
  26. ^ Stern, Marlow (September 16, 2013). "Nina Davuluri Crowned Miss America: The First Miss America of Indian Descent". Daily Beast.
  27. ^ "Our own Nina Davuluri is Miss Michigan's Outstanding Teen 2006 winner". TANA. October 8, 2006.
  28. ^ Abel, Fred. "MAOT's Ready for Prime Time Debut". Pageantry Magazine.
  29. ^ "History - Miss New York Scholarship Organization". Archived from the original on 2016-01-30. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  30. ^ Benanti, Carol Ann (June 16, 2012). "Mallory Hagan wins Miss New York 2012 title". SILive.com.
  31. ^ "NY woman crowned Miss America". 3 News NZ. January 14, 2013. Archived from the original on February 22, 2013. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  32. ^ "Miss New York crown goes to Kaitlin Monte". SILive.com. June 19, 2011.
  33. ^ "The Official Miss New York Scholarship Pageant". Archived from the original on 2010-07-02. Retrieved 2010-07-06. 2010 Pageant Results
  34. ^ "Alyse Zwick". Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  35. ^ "Who Rules Over a Beauty Queen?;Miss New York and Pageant Officials in a Power Struggle". SILive.com. Feb 3, 1996.
  36. ^ "Lauren Molella named Miss New York Outstanding Teen". SI Live. June 19, 2011.
  37. ^ a b c Singleton, Don (1983-09-18). "Vanessa Williams is crowned the first African-American Miss America in 1983". New York Daily News.
  38. ^ Latson, Jennifer (2015-07-23). "The Scandal That Cost a Miss America Her Crown". Time Magazine.
  39. ^ Woo, Elaine (January 5, 2015). "Bess Myerson, Miss America who rose in politics and fell in scandal, dies at 90". Los Angeles Times.
  40. ^ a b "Miss America Timeline: 1901–1950". PBS. Archived from the original on 2017-02-15. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
  41. ^ a b c "Golden Apple Is Sought by Scores". The Morning Call. Allentown, Pennsylvania. September 6, 1923. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.
  42. ^ Schnitzspahn, Karen (September 8, 1997). "There She Was – Miss Long Branch". Asbury Park Press. Asbury Park, New Jersey. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com. ...talent contest that was established in 1935.
  43. ^ "Half a Dozen America Beauties, Please". The Daily News. Frederick, Maryland. September 6, 1923. p. 11 – via Newspaper.com.
  44. ^ "Lois Wilde, Famous Model at 15, Still Loves Dolls, but Aspires to Be a Bernhardt". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. December 10, 1922. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  45. ^ "1923 Miss America Pageant 1st Runner-Up Trophy - Brooklyn Kid Makes Good". Lelands. September 21, 2016.
  46. ^ "Miss St. Louis First in Atlantic City Beauty Trials". Pittsburgh Daily Post. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. September 6, 1923. p. 2.
  47. ^ "Why They Want a Law Forbidding Beauty Contests". Detroit Free Press. Detroit, Michigan. November 11, 1923. p. 56 – via Newspapers.com.
  48. ^ a b c "Golden Apple Is Sought by Scores". The Morning Call. Allentown, Pennsylvania. September 6, 1923. p. 12 – via Newspapers.com.
  49. ^ "Beauty Escapes Death; Miss Coney Island Arrives Too Late for Fatal Flight". The New York Times. New York, New York. September 9, 1923. p. 17 – via Newspapers.com. ...who finished third in the international beauty tournament...
  50. ^ "Hit the Deck – 1929". IMDb.
  51. ^ "Daily Graphic Review of News Events". Athens Messenger. Athens, Ohio. September 4, 1923. p. 7 – via NewspaperArchive.com.
  52. ^ a b Croyle, Johnathan (September 8, 2018). "Miss Syracuse charms at the 1923 Miss America Pageant". Syracuse.com.
  53. ^ a b "Most Beautiful Girls of 57 Cities Given Golden Keys to City by Mayor Bader at Opening of Atlantic City's Pageant and National Beauty Tournament". The Tribune. Scranton, Pennsylvania. September 9, 1922. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  54. ^ a b c d "Dorothy Hughes, Rockaway Girl, Chosen Queen of New York Beaches". Daily News. New York, New York. August 27, 1922. p. 64 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. ^ "Winner of Beauty Queen Must Be Hungry". Syracuse Herald. Syracuse, New York. September 17, 1922 – via NewspaperArchives.com.
  56. ^ a b "Columbus Beauty Adjudged Atlantic City Fete Queen". New York Tribune. New York, New York. September 9, 1922. p. 3.
  57. ^ "Atlantic City's Queen of Beauty is 'Miss Columbus'". The New York Herald. New York City, New York (state). September 9, 1922. p. 6.
  58. ^ ""Miss Columbus" Is Pettiest of All America Girls". The News Journal. Wilmington, Delaware. September 9, 1922. p. 14 – via Newspapers.com.
  59. ^ Dietz, Dan (2019). "1921-1922 Season". The Complete Book of 1920s Broadway Musicals. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 71. ISBN 9781538112823 – via Google Books.
  60. ^ "Bombo: Opening Night Cast". Internet Broadway Database.
  61. ^ Teed, Dexter (April 27, 1932). "America's Venus Laments". Public Opinion. Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
  62. ^ Gautier, Paul S. (1922). "Experience of a Famous Beauty, Dorothy Knapp". The Wireless Age. Vol. 10. Macroni Publishing Corporation. p. 26.
  63. ^ a b "Atlantic City". Philadelphia Inquirer. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. September 10, 1922. p. 2 – via NewspaperArchives.com.
  64. ^ "Beauty Title To..." The Evening Journal. Wilmington, Delaware. September 9, 1922. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  65. ^ "Police Hunt Prize Police Dog". The New York Times. New York, New York. September 25, 1922. p. 19 – via Newspapers.com.
  66. ^ "Who Will Be Selected the One to Be Crowned "Miss America"". Dunkirk Evening Observer. Dunkirk, New York. September 5, 1922. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
  67. ^ a b Watson, Elwood; Martin, Darcy (21 August 2004). "There She Is, Miss America": The Politics of Sex, Beauty, and Race in America's Most Famous Pageant. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 34. ISBN 1-4039-6301-0.

Read other articles:

Eddie Irvine

Eddie IrvineLahir10 November 1965 (umur 58)Karier Kejuaraan Dunia Formula SatuKebangsaan InggrisTahun aktif1993–2002TimJordan, Ferrari, JaguarJumlah lomba148 (147 start)Juara dunia0Menang4Podium26Total poin191Posisi pole0Lap tercepat1Lomba pertamaGrand Prix Jepang 1993Menang pertamaGrand Prix Australia 1999Menang terakhirGrand Prix Malaysia 1999Lomba terakhirGrand Prix Jepang 2002 Edmund Irvine (alias Eddie Irvine) (lahir 10 November 1965) adalah seorang pembalap professional dan ...

 

 

Kompas TV Pontianak

Kompas TV PontianakPT Media Khatulistiwa TelevisiPontianak, Kalimantan BaratIndonesiaSaluranDigital: 47 UHFSloganIndependen | TerpercayaPemrogramanAfiliasiKompas TVKepemilikanPemilikKompas Gramedia (2011-2018)KG Media (2018-sekarang)RiwayatSiaran perdanaAgustus 2005Bekas tanda panggilKhatulistiwa TVBekas nomor kanal39 UHF (analog)48 UHF (digital)Bekas afiliasiIndependen (2005-2011)Gajayana TV (2012-2014)Informasi teknisOtoritas perizinanKementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesi...

 

 

Stasiun Hinatayama

Stasiun Hinatayama日当山駅Stasiun Hinatayama pada November 2006LokasiHayatocho-Uchi, Kirishima（鹿児島県霧島市隼人町内）Prefektur KagoshimaJepangKoordinat31°45′49″N 130°45′00″E / 31.76361°N 130.75000°E / 31.76361; 130.75000Koordinat: 31°45′49″N 130°45′00″E / 31.76361°N 130.75000°E / 31.76361; 130.75000Operator JR KyushuJalur■ Jalur HisatsuInformasi lainSitus webSitus web resmiSejarahDibuka1958Lokasi pad...

Fanos Katelarīs

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori ciprioti è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Fanos Katelarīs Nazionalità  Cipro Altezza 186 cm Peso 74 kg Calcio Ruolo Centrocampista Squadra  AEK Larnaca Carriera Giovanili  Omonia Squadre di club1 2013-2014→  Alkī Larnaca9 (0)2014-2015→  Olympiakos Nicosia15 (1)2015-2020 Omonia54 (4)[1]2020→  Zalaege...

 

 

Villa Armira

Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’archéologie, la Rome antique et la Bulgarie. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Consultez la liste des tâches à accomplir en page de discussion. Maquette au Musée Historique d'Ivailovgrad, Bulgarie. La Villa Armira (en bulgare : Вила Армира) est une villa romaine parmi les plus remarquables de l'ancienne Thrace romaine. Elle est implant�...

 

 

Чайки

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Чайки (значения). Чайки Доминиканская чайкаЗападная чайкаКалифорнийская чайкаМорская чайка Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:Вторич...

Società Italiana degli Autori ed Editori

Disambiguazione – SIAE rimanda qui. Se stai cercando il servizio di manutenzione aeronautica dell'Armée de l'air, vedi Service industriel de l'aéronautique. Società Italiana degli Autori ed EditoriLogo Sede centrale a Roma EUR Stato Italia Forma societariaEnte pubblico economico Fondazione23 aprile 1882 a Milano Sede principaleRoma Persone chiave Giulio Rapetti Mogol (presidente onorario) Salvatore Nastasi (presidente) Matteo Fedeli (direttore generale) SettoreCorrespon...

 

 

Pterygota

Pterygota TaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumArthropodaKelasInsectaSubkelasPterygota Gegenbaur, 1878 Ordo Infrakelas: Paleoptera (probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (capung dan capung jarum) Infrakelas: Neoptera Superorder: Exopterygota Blattodea (kecoak & rayap) Mantodea (mantids) Dermaptera (earwigs) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Orthoptera (belalang, dll) Phasmatodea (walking sticks) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasma...

 

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

John Yang (journalist)

American news correspondent and commentator This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: John Yang journalist – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2016) (Learn how a...

 

 

Musim VFL 1918

Musim Kejuaraan VFL 1918Skuat tim premier, South MelbourneTim peserta8PremiersSouth Melbourne (premiership ke-2)Minor premiersSouth Melbourne (minor premiership ke-3)Pertandingan59Penonton terbanyak39.262Medalis leading goalkickerErn Cowley (Carlton)← 19171919 → Musim Victorian Football League 1918 adalah musim ke-22 dari penyelenggaraan VFL, kompetisi sepak bola menurut peraturan Australia. Juara (premier) edisi ini diraih oleh South Melbourne yang dalam musim kompetisi...

 

 

Dialetto catanese

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento dialetti non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. CataneseCatanisiParlato in Italia Regioni Sicilia(Provincia di Catania) LocutoriTotalequasi 1'000'000 in provincia di Catania ClassificaNon nei primi 100 TassonomiaFilogenesiLingue indoeuropee Italiche ...

نيوكليوسيد ثلاثي الفوسفات

النيوكليوسيد ثلاثي الفوسفات (بالإنجليزية: Nucleoside triphosphate)‏ أو (NTP) اختصارا هو جزيء يحتوي على نيوكليوسيد مرتبط بثلاث مجموعات فوسفات.[1][2] تعتبر مشتقات النيوكليوتيدات ضرورية للحياة لأنها تشكل الوحدة البنائية للحموض الأمينية وتقوم بآلاف الوظائف في عمليات الأيض وتنظيم ...

 

 

Coria (Corbridge)

Roman fort in Corbridge, England 54°58′42″N 2°01′59″W / 54.9784°N 2.03316°W / 54.9784; -2.03316 Coria (Corbridge)Ruins of Corbridge’s Roman granariesLocation in NorthumberlandAlternative name(s)Coriosopitum, Corsopitum or CorsobetumFoundedc. 84 ADPlace in the Roman worldProvinceBritanniaStructure— Stone structure —— Wood and earth structure —Builtc. 84 AD Stationed military units— Alae —I Petriana ? LocationCoordinates54°58�...

 

 

Jenkins' Ferry Battleground State Park

Battlefield in Arkansas, United States For the military conflict, see Battle of Jenkins' Ferry. Jenkins' FerryBattleground State ParkLocation in ArkansasLocationGrant County, ArkansasNearest cityLeola, ArkansasCoordinates34°12′47.4″N 92°32′50.6″W / 34.213167°N 92.547389°W / 34.213167; -92.547389Area40.15 acres (16.25 ha)Elevation190 feet (58 m)EstablishedEarly 20th centuryOriginal useField, forest, battlefieldGoverning bodyArkansas Department of P...

Athletics at the 1995 Summer Universiade – Women's 400 metres

Athletics at the1995 Summer UniversiadeTrack events100 mmenwomen200 mmenwomen400 mmenwomen800 mmenwomen1500 mmenwomen5000 mmenwomen10,000 mmenwomen100 m hurdleswomen110 m hurdlesmen400 m hurdlesmenwomen3000 msteeplechasemen4×100 m relaymenwomen4×400 m relaymenwomenRoad eventsMarathonmenwomen10 km walkwomen20 km walkmenField eventsHigh jumpmenwomenPole vaultmenLong jumpmenwomenTriple jumpmenwomenShot putmenwomenDiscus throwmenwomenHammer throwmenJavelin throwmenwomenCombined eventsHeptathlo...

 

 

Pink Peacock

Former cafe in Glasgow Pink Peacockדי ראָזעווע פּאַוועPink Peacock (Central Glasgow)Formation2019; 5 years ago (2019)Founder Morgan Holleb Joe Isaac Dissolved14 June 2023; 13 months ago (2023-06-14)PurposePay-what-you-can queer Yiddish anarchist cafeLocationGovanhill area of Glasgow, ScotlandCoordinates55°50′09″N 4°15′54″W / 55.8357°N 4.2649°W / 55.8357; -4.2649Websitepinkpeacock.gay Pink Peacock (Yiddish...

 

 

Esoteric Christianity

Mystical approach to Christianity This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions. (June 2020) This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more preci...

كنيسة الجبيل

كنيسة الجُبيل آثار الكنيسة تقديم البلد السعودية مدينة الجبيل إحداثيات 26°56′15″N 49°39′23″E / 26.93743889°N 49.65647222°E / 26.93743889; 49.65647222   نوع كنيسة أثرية تاريخ البناء القرن الرابع الميلادي الموقع الجغرافي تعديل مصدري - تعديل   كنيسة الجبيل هي كنيسة أثرية اكتشفت في شمال ...

 

 

A Nightmare on Elm Street: Suffer the Children

2005 novel by David Bishop A Nightmare on Elm Street: Suffer the Children AuthorDavid BishopLanguageEnglishSeriesA Nightmare on Elm StreetRelease number1GenreHorrorPublisherBlack FlamePublication date26 April 2005Publication placeUnited KingdomMedia typePrint (Paperback)Pages416ISBN9781844161720OCLC61259479Followed byA Nightmare on Elm Street: Dreamspawn  A Nightmare on Elm Street: Suffer the Children is a 2005 British horror novel written by David Bishop and published by Black...