The City of Long Beach was incorporated in 1922,[3] and is nicknamed "The City by the Sea" (the Latin form, Civitas ad mare, is the city's motto). The Long Beach Barrier Island is surrounded by Reynolds Channel to the north, east and west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south.[4]
In 2022, Long Beach was named one of the best East Coast towns for a summer getaway by Time Out magazine.[5]
History
Pre-settlement
The city of Long Beach's first inhabitants were the Algonquian-speaking Lenape, who sold the area to English colonists in 1643. From that time, while the barrier island was used by baymen and farmers for fishing and harvesting salt hay, no one lived there year-round for more than two centuries. The barkMexico, carrying Irish immigrants to New York, ran ashore on New Year's Day.[6]
Austin Corbin, a builder from Brooklyn, was the first to attempt to develop the island as a resort. He formed a partnership with the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) to finance the New York and Long Beach Railroad Co., which laid track from Lynbrook to Long Beach in 1880. That same year, Corbin opened Long Beach Hotel, a row of 27 cottages along a 1,100-foot (340 m) strip of beach, which he claimed was the world's largest hotel.[7][8] In its first season, the railroad brought 300,000 visitors to Long Island. By the next spring, tracks had been laid the length of the island, but they were removed in 1894 after repeated washouts from winter storms.
Long Beach HotelLong Beach boardwalk, c. 1911Crowded beach, c. 1923
He gathered investors, and acquired the oceanfront from private owners and the rest of the island from the Town of Hempstead in 1907; he planned to build a boardwalk, homes, and hotels. Reynolds had a herd of elephants marched in from Dreamland, ostensibly to help build the Long Beach Boardwalk; he had created an effective publicity stunt. Dredges created a channel 1,000 feet (300 m) wide on the north side of the island to provide access by large steamboats and seaplanes to transport more visitors; the new waterway was named Reynolds Channel. To ensure that Long Beach lived up to his billing it "The Riviera of the East", he required each building to be constructed in an "eclectic Mediterranean style", with white stucco walls and red-clay tile roofs. He built a theatre called Castles by the Sea, with the largest dance floor in the world, for dancers Vernon and Irene Castle.
After Reynolds' corporation went bankrupt in 1918, the restrictions were lifted. The new town attracted wealthy business people and entertainers from New York and Hollywood.
On July 29, 1907, a fire broke out at the Long Beach Hotel and burned it to the ground. Of the 800 guests, eight were injured by jumping from windows, and one woman died. The fire was blamed on defective electric wiring. A church, several cottages, and the bathing pavilion were also destroyed. Trunks belonging to the guests, which had been piled on the sand to form "dressing rooms", were looted by thieves. A dozen waiters and others were apprehended by the police, who recovered $20,000 worth of jewelry and other stolen property.[11]
In 1923, the prohibition agents known simply as Izzy and Moe raided the Nassau Hotel and arrested three men for bootlegging. In 1930, five Long Beach Police officers were charged with offering a bribe to a United States Coast Guard officer to allow liquor to be landed. The police had another problem a year later in the summer of 1931, when a beachcomber found the body of a young woman named Starr Faithfull, who had drowned. She had left behind a suicide note, but others believed she had been murdered, and the circumstances of her death were never resolved. Corruption became rampant in Long Beach by then; in 1922, the state Legislature designated Long Beach a city, and William H. Reynolds was elected the first mayor. Soon afterward, Reynolds was indicted on charges of misappropriating funds. When he was found guilty, the clock in the tower at city hall was stopped in protest. When a judge released Reynolds from jail later that year on appeal, almost the entire population turned out to greet him, and the clock was turned back on.
On November 15, 1939, Mayor Louis F. Edwards was fatally shot by a police officer in front of his home.[13] Officer Alvin Dooley, a member of the police motorcycle squad and the mayor's own security detail, killed Edwards after losing his bid for PBA president to a candidate the mayor supported. Jackson Boulevard was later renamed Edwards Boulevard in honor of the late mayor. After the murder, the city residents passed legislation to adopt a city manager system, which still exists to this day. The city manager is hired by and reports to the City Council.
By the 1940s and 1950s, with the advent of cheap air travel attracting tourists to more distant places, and air-conditioning to provide year-round comfort, Long Beach had become primarily a bedroom community for commuters to New York City. It still attracted many summer visitors into the 1970s. The rundown boardwalk hotels were used for temporary housing for welfare recipients and the elderly until a scandal around 1970 led to many of the homes losing their licenses. At that time, government agencies were also "warehousing" in such hotels many patients released from larger mental hospitals. They were supposed to be cared for in small-scale community centers. The 2.2-mile (3.5 km) boardwalk had a small amusement park at the foot of Edwards Boulevard until the 1980s. In the late 1960s, the boardwalk and amusement park area was a magnet for youth from around Long Island, until a police crackdown on drug trafficking ended that. A few businesses remained on the boardwalk, attracting bicyclists, joggers, walkers, and people-watchers.
The newly rebuilt boardwalk in November 2013.
Beginning in the 1980s and accelerating in the 1990s, Long Beach began an urban renewal, with new housing, new businesses, and other improvements.[15] Today, the city is again a popular bedroom community, for people working in New York who want the quiet beach atmosphere. With summer come local youths and college students and young adults who rent bungalows on the West End; they frequent the local bars and clubs along West Beech Street. Just behind the boardwalk near the center of the city, however, vacant lots now occupy several blocks that once housed hotels, bathhouses, and the amusement park. Because attempts to attract development (including, at one time, Atlantic City-style casinos) to this potential "superblock" have not yet borne fruit, the lots constitute the city's largest portion of unused land.[15][16]
21st century
On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy struck Long Beach. As a result of flooding, hundreds of vehicles were destroyed and houses suffered various levels of damage. The estimated cost of all the damage was over $250 million. The city was without power and running water for two weeks after the storm. The boardwalk was also destroyed during the storm. The city began rebuilding the boardwalk with grants from FEMA and the State of New York. The first two-block section of the new Long Beach boardwalk reopened on July 26, 2013,[17] and the entire boardwalk opened on October 25, 2013.[18] The final costs of rebuilding the boardwalk were $44 million, of which ca. $39 million were FEMA grants and the final $4.4 million were reimbursed by the state.[19]
Geography
U.S. Census map of Long Beach.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.90 square miles (10.1 km2).[2] Of its total area, 2.22 square miles (5.7 km2) is land, and the rest is water.
Long Beach has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) under the Köppen climate classification, with humid hot summers and cool winters. It is one of the northernmost locations in this climate zone, allowing for the growth of warmer climate plants like Mimosa, Crape Myrtle, Southern Magnolia, and Sweetgum. It is in plant hardiness zone 7b. Precipitation is evenly distributed year-round, mostly in the form of rain although snowfall occurs each winter. Long Beach is vulnerable to tropical cyclones. Its climate is tempered by the influence of the Atlantic Ocean.
Buildings on the boardwalk in 2021Oceanview Avenue, West End
Unlike most communities near New York City, Long Beach is a high-density community. Fewer than 40% of the homes are detached houses,[22] and the city ranks as the 35th-densest community in the United States – ahead of larger cities like Chicago, Miami, and Philadelphia. The city is less than 1 mile (1.6 km) wide from ocean to bay and about 3.5 miles (5.6 km) long. The city is divided into the West End, home to many small bungalow and some large houses, and the East End. West of New York Avenue, the barrier island is less than 0.5 miles (800 m) wide and West Beech Street is the main east/west commercial street.
East of New York Avenue, the island is wider between the bay and ocean and is home to larger more expansive family houses. There is the city's boardwalk, which begins at New York Avenue and ends at Neptune Boulevard. Along the boardwalk are many apartment buildings and condos. The main commercial strip is Park Avenue, which narrows into a small residential strip west of New York Avenue.
City divisions and districts
Kennedy Plaza in the Central District.
The city of Long Beach contains the following neighborhoods:[23][24]
Central District – The area between Magnolia Boulevard and Monroe Boulevard,Long Beach's City Hall is located in this area as well as the Martin Luther King Center and Emergency Department at Long Beach.
The East End – The district between Monroe Boulevard and Maple Boulevard.
The President Streets – The area comprising 9 north-south avenues of which 5 are named after former U.S. presidents, with the 4 exceptions of Atlantic, Belmont, and Mitchell Avenues, and Pacific Boulevard; Pacific Boulevard connects directly from Park Avenue to East Broadway, a parallel road to the south.
The West End – The district between New York Avenue and East Atlantic Beach. This area is home to many small bungalows and large houses close to one other, along small narrow streets. These streets, named after U.S. states, run from the beach to the bay, until they meet East Atlantic Beach at Westholme Ave.
Neighborhoods and enclaves
The Walks – An area comprising extremely narrow sidewalks between houses. Each walk is named after a month.
North Park – The area north of Park Avenue, between the LIRR Station and Monroe.
The Canals – The area comprising several streets running north-south, with 4 parallel canals originating from Reynolds Channel. The canals begin on Forrester Street and end on Curley Street, each canal except for Bob Jones Canal is traversed by a short bridge carrying East Pine Street.
Kennedy Plaza – An area in the Central District, at the intersection of National Boulevard and West Chester Street.
Westholme – The neighborhood between New York Avenue and Magnolia Boulevard.
The 2010 U.S. census determined there were 33,275 people residing in the city, and the 2019 American Community Survey estimated the population increased to 33,454. At census of 2000,[32] there were 35,462 people, 14,923 households, and 8,103 families residing in the city. The local population was spread out at 15,022 inhabitants per square mile (5,800/km2) as of 2010.[2] In 2000, the population density was 16,594.9 inhabitants per square mile (6,407.3/km2). Also in 2000, there were 16,128 housing units at an average density of 7,547.3 per square mile (2,914.0/km2). If only residential area is counted, the population density rises to 17,341 per square mile (44,913.19/km2).
In 2019 there were an average of 2.31 persons per household, and the median household income was $97,022. Long Beach had a per capita income of $53,579 from 2015 to 2019 and 6.7% of its population lived at or below the poverty line. In 2000, there were 14,923 households, out of which 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.0% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.7% were non-families. 36.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.5% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 34.4% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $56,289, and the median income for a family was $68,222. Males had a median income of $50,995 versus $40,739 for females. The per capita income for the city was $31,069. About 6.3% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 10.7% of those age 65 or over.
Race and ethnicity
The racial and ethnic makeup of the city of Long Beach was 71.9% non-Hispanic white, 6.2% Black or African American, 0.2% American Indian or Alaska Native, 2.7% Asian, 2.8% two or more races, and 16.3% Hispanic and Latin American of any race. Out of the total population, 52.2% were female and 13.4% of the total population was foreign-born from 2015 to 2019.[2] In 2000, the racial makeup of the city was 84.20% White, 6.18% African American, 0.21% Native American, 2.32% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 4.75% from other races, and 2.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.80% of the population.
According to the USA District Attourney's Office at Eastern New York, gangs present a prevalent criminal threat within the city. In March of 2016, sixteen members of the Latin Kings gang were arrested in connections with narcotics trafficking, in particular, cocaine, crack, "molly", and illegal marijuana[1]. In another instance, 5 men from Long Beach and Hempstead were arrested in Westbury in a gang-related shooting [2].
The Long Beach City Council consists of five elected members who are currently (2024):[40]
Brendan Finn, President (R)
Chris Fiumara, Vice President (R)
John D. Bendo (D)
Roy Lester (D)
Michael Reinhart (R)
Public safety and emergency services
The city has a comprehensive emergency services structure consisting of multiple organizations, including the Long Beach Police Department, Long Beach Fire Department, Long Beach Lifeguards, Animal Control and Emergency Medical Services (LBFD), Long Beach Auxiliary Police Department.
City municipalities
The city of Long Beach has an extensive parks and recreation program led by Joseph Brand II. Within the offerings include, but are not limited to the Ice Arena, Summer Camps, Pool, Races and is most well known for its Ocean Beach Park. Long Beach's Ocean Beach Park (OBP) is managed under the supervision of Nichole Landry. All city parks and recreation programs are found online at longbeachny.gov.
Education
Public schools
Catholic Regional School
The Long Beach City School District serves the city of Long Beach and parts of the Town of Hempstead with one primary high school, one middle school, one prekindergarten, and four elementary schools.[20] They also operate an "alternative" high school at the NIKE missile site on a campus shared with the district's transportation services.
The schools of Long Beach City School District are:
The Long Beach Public Library serves greater Long Beach with the main library downtown and two branch libraries at Point Lookout and the West End.
Transportation
Buses and trolleys
Long Beach Bus operates a 24-hour municipal bus service with five routes,[42] including three routes serving the city, one overnight circulator route, and one route extending service to Lido Beach and Point Lookout. Long Beach Bus also operates two seasonal trolley routes, East Loop and West Loop.
Loring Buzzell (1927–1959), music publisher and record label executive.[50]
Vernon and Irene Castle, dance pioneers who introduced dances such as tango and foxtrot to the US in the 1910s; they lived in Long Beach and operated a nightclub called "Castles By the Sea".[51]
^"Long Beach Historical Society". Long Beach Historical Society - Long Beach, New York. Archived from the original on February 23, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
^"MLK Center". lbmlk.org. Archived from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.
^"Remembering Gustav Ahr". Long Island Herald. Herald Community Newspapers. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
^Coleman, Brian. "Check The Technique: KMD's Black Bastards and the Birth of MF Doom"Archived November 15, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Medium (website), January 30, 2015/Accessed February 19, 2017. "Aside from Manhattan, one geographical locale that had significance to the Dumile brothers was Long Beach, NY—a town technically on Long Island, but just outside of the Queens borough line... Doom says that they were firmly planted in Long Beach when he was in junior high and early high school, and they also kept roots there throughout the mid-‘90s."
^Grasso, John (2015). Historical Dictionary of Basketball. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 67 pp. ISBN978-1442255333.
^Werts, Diane. "A bit of Hollywood in Roslyn"Archived August 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Newsday, April 1, 2009. Accessed July 11, 2016. "'He's been a guiding force and a confidant and practically a brother along the way,' says Colmes, a Hofstra grad from Lynbrook, speaking from his weekend place in Long Beach."
^Asbury, John (March 10, 2016). "Comic Billy Crystal to auction mementos to help Long Beach". Newsday. Archived from the original on May 15, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2016. "Actor and Long Beach resident Billy Crystal is auctioning off memorabilia to raise funding for his hometown as it continues to rebuild from Superstorm Sandy."
^Hart, Smith. "The Official Fan Page of Smith Hart". Facebook. Archived from the original on September 30, 2023. Retrieved February 27, 2016. "Today my heart goes out to all those effected by the tragedies of 9/11. I was born in Long Beach, Long Island and consider myself a native New Yorker."
^Kell, Braden (June 20, 2002). "Jeter Playing in Long Beach". New York Post. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2016. "What is perhaps most interesting about the well-compensated athlete could be that he has rented a relatively inexpensive, unassuming summer place right on the ocean in the nearby community of Long Beach."
^Rieber, Anthony. "Mets sign Long Beach product John Lannan to minor-league contract"Archived March 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Newsday, January 18, 2014. Accessed February 19, 2017. "The Mets on Saturday signed lefthander John Lannan to a minor-league contract with an invitation to spring training. The Long Beach and Chaminade product will compete for the wide-open fifth spot in the rotation in an attempt to add a new chapter to the ol' local-kid-makes-good story."
^Silver, Roy R. "Lowenstein May Run on L.I."Archived August 13, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, July 14, 1974. Accessed February 19, 2017. "Persistent reports last week indicated that Allard K. Lowenstein of Long Beach will seek to run against Representative John W. Wydler, the Republican incumbent in the Fifth Congressional District."
^Acevedo, Kimberly. "Recalling 'Our Town, Our Time'"Archived January 22, 2021, at the Wayback Machine, Long Island Herald, January 30, 2013. Accessed February 19, 2017. "Long Beach Junior High School student Audrey Peppe was only 13 when she made the United States Figure Skating team that same year."
