Michael Gallagher (bishop)

Styles of
**Michael James Gallagher**
Styles of; Michael James Gallagher
Reference style	The Most Reverend
Spoken style	Your Excellency
Religious style	Bishop
Posthumous style	not applicable

His Excellency, The Most Reverend

Michael James Gallagher
His Excellency, The Most Reverend; Michael James Gallagher
Bishop of Detroit
See	Diocese of Detroit
In office	November 18, 1918 –; January 20, 1937
Predecessor	John Samuel Foley
Successor	Edward Aloysius Mooney
Other post(s)	Bishop of Grand Rapids; 1915 - 1918
Orders
Ordination	March 19, 1893; by Simon Aichner
Consecration	September 8, 1915; by Henry Richter
Personal details
Born	November 18, 1866; Auburn, Michigan, US
Died	January 20, 1937 (age 70); Detroit, Michigan, US
Denomination	Catholic Church
Education	Mungret College; University of Innsbruck

Michael James Gallagher (November 16, 1866 – January 20, 1937) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Detroit in Michigan from 1918 until his death in 1937. He also served as coadjutor bishop and bishop of the Diocese of Grand Rapids in Michigan from 1915 to 1918. Gallagher became known for his sponsorship and protection of Charles Coughlin, an antisemitic and profascist priest with a large radio audience in the United States.

Biography

Early life

Michael Gallagher was born on November 16, 1866, in Auburn, Michigan. Gallagher attended public schools there and then went to St. James Parish school in Bay City, Michigan. He studied at Assumption College in Sandwich, Ontario, then went to Mungret College in Limerick, Ireland. Gallagher finished his preparation for the priesthood at the University of Innsbruck in Innsbruck, Austria.^[1]

Gallagher was ordained a priest in Innsbruck by Archbishop Simon Aichner for the Diocese of Grand Rapids on March 19, 1893.^[1]

Coadjutor Bishop and Bishop of Grand Rapids

On July 5, 1915, Gallagher was appointed titular bishop of Tipasa and coadjutor of Grand Rapids by Pope Benedict XV. He was consecrated on September 8, 1915, by Bishop Henry Richter.^[2]^[1]

On December 26, 1916, after the death of Bishop Richter, Gallagher automatically became the new bishop of Grand Rapids.^[2]

Bishop of Detroit

On July 18, 1918, Gallagher was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Detroit.^[2] He was installed on November 18, 1918.^[2]^[3] In 1919, Gallagher opened Sacred Heart Seminary in a temporary structure in Detroit to alleviate a shortage of priests. After a $4 million fundraising effort over the next four years, a permanent facility with a capacity for 500 seminarians was opened in 1924.^[4]^[5]

In 1926, Gallagher appointed Charles Coughlin as parish priest in Royal Oak, Michigan. Coughlin soon started a radio ministry with Gallagher's approval. Some of the proceeds from his show went to build the National Shrine of the Little Flower in Royal Oak. As Coughlin started getting national coverage for his program, his incendiary antisemitic comments became more pronounced. In 1930, the apostolic delegate for the United States, Cardinal Pietro Fumasoni Biondi, asked Gallagher to curb Coughlin, but the bishop refused. "I made no mistake and have never doubted my judgment in putting him before the microphone," Gallagher said of Coughlin in 1933.^[6]

Again in 1935, Apostolic Delegate Amleto Cigognani tried to stop Coughlin, but Gallagher still protected him. It was rumored that Pope Pius XI refused to raise Detroit to an archdiocese due to his displeasure over Coughlin.^[7]^[8] In August 1936, Gallagher went to Rome on a routine visit to the Vatican. While he was en route, Coughlin denounced President Franklin Roosevelt as a liar. Gallagher then expressed his public displeasure at Coughlin's choice of words, forcing him to apologize.^[9] While meeting with the pope, Coughlin's activities came up for discussion. Gallagher succeeded in convincing the pope that Coughlin should not be censured or forced to quit broadcasting.^[6]

The Fisher Brothers of the firm Fisher Body in Detroit commissioned the Boston firm of McGinnis and Walsh, specialists in ecclesiastical architecture, to design a residence for Bishop Gallagher.^[10]^[11] The 39,000-square-foot (3,600 m²) home, paid for by the Fishers, is the largest within the city of Detroit.^[10]

The two-story brick residence had a large central structure flanked by diagonal wings.^[10] Religious themes are included throughout the house, both on the exterior and the interior.^[10] On the exterior, medallions, shields and crests are set into the brickwork, and a copper statue of the St. Michael the Archangel defeating Satan is prominent.^[10] The interior is finished with oak, stone and masonry. The house had, at one time, the largest collection of Pewabic glazed pottery tile in Michigan.^[10]

Gallagher lived in this home until his death in 1937; subsequent archbishops of Detroit Edward Mooney and John Francis Dearden also lived in the home.^[10]

Death and legacy

Gallagher died at Providence Hospital in Detroit on January 20, 1937, at age 70.^[1] The Tower of the Crucifixion at the Shrine of the Little Flower has Gallagher's face on the sculpture of the Archangel Michael.^[6] Bishop Gallagher High School in Harper Woods, Michigan, was named after him.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Bishop Gallagher of Detroit, 70, dies; Superior of Father Coughlin succumbs to throat ailment--In hospital 10 minutes". The New York Times. 1937-01-21. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-07-02.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Bishop Michael James Gallagher". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved 21 January 2015.^{[self-published source]}
^ "Ludington Daily News - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com. Retrieved 2022-07-03.
^ "Bishop Gallagher's never-quit approach led to construction of Sacred Heart Seminary". Detroit Catholic. Retrieved 2022-07-03.
^ "Sacred Heart Seminary | Historic Detroit". historicdetroit.org. Retrieved 2022-07-03.
^ ^a ^b ^c Davis, Forrest (1935-12-01). "Father Coughlin". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2022-07-02.
^ Roth, J.; Maxwell, E. (2017-02-13). Remembering for the Future: 3 Volume Set: The Holocaust in an Age of Genocide. Springer. ISBN 978-1-349-66019-3.
^ Boyea, Earl (1995). "The Reverend Charles Coughlin and the Church: the Gallagher Years, 1930-1937". Catholic Historical Review. 81 (2): 211–225. doi:10.1353/cat.1995.0044. S2CID 163684965.
^ "Coughlin is chided by Detroit bishop; Gallagher, sailing for Vatican, deplores priest's reference to president as liar. Holds course untactful but prelate praises policies of radio preacher and defends his right to criticize". The New York Times. Retrieved 2022-07-02.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Bishop's Residence Archived 2018-10-06 at the Wayback Machine from Detroit1701.org
^ McDonald, Maureen (November 28, 2006).Visit with a Giant. Model D Media. Retrieved on December 23, 2008.

Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Henry Richter	Bishop of Grand Rapids 1916–1918	Succeeded by Edward D. Kelly
Preceded by John Samuel Foley	Bishop of Detroit 1918–1937	Succeeded by Edward Mooney