Mertensia lanceolata

Mertensia lanceolata

Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Boraginales
Family: Boraginaceae
Genus: Mertensia
Species:
M. lanceolata
Binomial name
Mertensia lanceolata
Varieties[3]
  • Mertensia lanceolata var. coriacea (A.Nelson) L.C.Higgins & S.L.Welsh
  • Mertensia lanceolata var. lanceolata
  • Mertensia lanceolata var. secundorum (Cockerell) Cockerell
Synonyms[3]
List
  • Casselia lanceolata (Pursh) Dumort. (1822)
  • Cerinthodes lanceolatum (Pursh) Kuntze (1891)
  • Lithospermum lanceolatum (Pursh) Sweet (1830)
  • Lithospermum marginatum Spreng. (1824)
  • Mertensia alpina A.Gray (1862)
  • Mertensia clokeyi Osterh. (1919)
  • Mertensia coriacea A.Nelson (1902)
  • Mertensia linearis Greene (1897)
  • Mertensia marginata G.Don (1837)
  • Mertensia media Osterh. (1917)
  • Mertensia micrantha A.Nelson (1907)
  • Mertensia papillosa Greene (1898)
  • Mertensia secundorum Cockerell (1907)
  • Pulmonaria lanceolata Pursh (1813)
  • Pulmonaria marginata Nutt. (1818)

Mertensia lanceolata, known as prairie bluebells, lance-leaved bluebells, lance-leaved lungwort, and narrow-leaved languid ladies is a species of flowering plant native to the Rocky Mountains and areas of the northern Great Plains in western North America.[1] A herbaceous perennial it has blue-green leaves alternately arranged on its smooth flowering stalk. Its flower buds are pink-purple and become blue as they open.

Description

Mertensia lanceolata is a variable species with flowering individuals typically growing 10–45 cm in height.[4]

The species is found in Rocky Mountain habitats from the plains to alpine areas. The leaves are blue-green due to the waxy coating with a prominent center vein.[5] Immature plants will have a few that spring directly from the ground (basal leaves) that are halfway between egg shaped and a lance head shaped (ovate-lanceolate). They may be on short stalks that are longer than the leaf or without any leaf stem (sessile). Older plants will have leaves that attach to the flower stalk alternately with a much narrower leaf, either lanceolate or somewhat more rectangular (oblong-lanceolate) and may or may not have basal leaves.[4]

The leaves or flower stalks arise from the large taproot. Flowering stalks lean outwards at an angle with multiple flowers hanging downwards from the top of the stalk. The flowers are five fused petals forming a short trumpet.[6] The flower buds are pink in color,[7] while the flowers are very often a pale sky-blue, but may also be nearly white or a deep blue color.[8] The united tube of the flower is 3–7 millimeters in length.[4] The inflorescence is dense with flowers, but is more widely spaced as it becomes older, paniculate in character.[8]

Flowering lasts for about a month, but may continue longer when conditions are favorable.[9] Flowering timing depends on weather and may be from April to August in its native habitat.[8] Mertensia lanceolata becomes dormant by early summer, dying back to its substantial roots.[9]

Taxonomy

Mertensia lanceolata was scientifically described as a new species by the botanist Frederick Traugott Pursh in 1813 with the name Pulmonaria lanceolata.[3] He described the place of collection simply as "In Upper Louisiana," and noted a resemblance of the flowers to those of Pulmonaria paniculata.[10] In 1822 Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier published a description where he moved the species to a new genus named Casselia Dumort., which is now regarded as a synonym of Mertensia, but should not be confused with the accepted genus Casselia Nees & Mart..[3][11][12] In 1830 the botanist Robert Sweet asserted that it should be part of genus Lithospermum. It was correctly identified as part of Mertensia and given its present name by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1846.[3]

As of 2024 it is generally accepted under this name including by Plants of the World Online (POWO),[3] World Flora Online,[13] and by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (PLANTS) database.[14]

Varieties

As of 2024 there are three varieties of this species that are accepted by POWO.[3] A number of books, including the Flora of Colorado and Flora of the Four Corners Region, list an additional variety named Mertensia lanceolata var. nivalis (S.Watson) L.C.Higgins,[6][4] but this is regarded as a synonym of Mertensia oblongifolia by POWO.[15]

Mertensia lanceolata var. coriacea

This variety was first described by Aven Nelson in 1902 as a species named Mertensia coriacea. It was reclassified as a variety by Larry C. Higgins (1936-) and Stanley Larson Welsh (1928-) in 1993.[16] It differs from var. lanceolata by having the sepals nearly divided to the base and having pollen bearing structures (the anthers) that are longer than the stalks that support them (the filaments). It has leaves that smooth on both sides.[4] It is found in four US states, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico.[16]

Mertensia lanceolata var. lanceolata

The autonymic variety of Mertensia lanceolata can be distinguished from the other varieties by the sepals not being completely divided to their base and the stalks of the stamens are longer than the pollen structures they support (the anthers).[4] The range of the variety is almost identical to the species as a whole, being found in seven US states and three Canadian provinces.[14][17]

Mertensia lanceolata var. secundorum

This variety was described by Theodore D. A. Cockerell in 1907 as a species named Mertensia secundorum, but then reduced to a variety by in a publication in 1918.[18] It has leaves that are covered in bristles on both sides.[8] The PLANTS database shows it as found in Natrona and Converse Counties in Wyoming and having been found in Colorado without a specific location.[19]

Names

Mertensia lanceolata blooming Boulder County Open Space, Colorado

The scientific name of the species, lanceolata, means "lance shaped" describing the shape of its basal leaves.[8] The species has many common names in English including "prairie bluebells", "lance-leaved bluebells", "lanceleaf chiming bells", "narrow-leaved languid ladies", "lance-leaved lungwort", "lanceleaf mertansia", and "foothill mertensia".[14][5][1][8][20]

Range and habitat

Mertensia lanceolata grows in the Rocky Mountains from northern New Mexico in the south to Alberta in Canada, including Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, and Montana. It also grows in some states and provinces to the east of the Rockies, Manitoba and Saskatchewan in Canada, and Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota in the United States.[14][21]

They grow in a variety of habitats including in forests, the edges of woodlands, stream banks, prairies, rocky hillsides, and alpine tundra.[8][22]

Conservation

NatureServe has evaluated the species as globally secure (G5), but its status has not been reviewed since 1988. At that time they found the species to be vulnerable (S3) in Saskatchewan and imperiled (S2) in Alberta, Manitoba, and Nebraska. They assessed it as apparently secure (S4) in Wyoming and did not evaluate it at the state level for the rest of its range.[1]

Ecology

Mertensia lanceolata in a ponderosa pine forest

In a study of the forest after the Hayman Fire in Colorado, similar numbers of Mertensia lanceolata plants were found before and after the fire.[23] The species is associated with a history of low-intensity forest fires in ponderosa pine forests at sites along the Front Range in Colorado.[24] Between 1981 and 1996 it expanded from being found in the lower mountain and upper montane forest life zones in Colorado, into the alpine tundra without colonizing the subalpine zone in between.[22]

Cultivation

Narrow-leaved languid ladies are valued by wildflower gardeners for its dainty vibrant blue flower display and long season of blooming when moisture is good. They grow in either well draining or clay soils and is tolerant of limestone derived soils. Plants will live for many years when given space to grow its deep, branching taproot.[9] It is also rated as with the lowest possible flammability for landscaping to create defensible space by Colorado State University Extension.[25] A germination study of languid ladies found that the species exhibits very little need for cold stratification with 70% of seeds sprouting after four weeks at 21 °C (70 °F), though germination was accelerated by being held at 4.5 °C (40.1 °F) for three months before planting. After just two days the cold treated seeds had 30% germination rates.[26] The species is winter hardy to USDA zone 4.[8] Plants are rarely available from commercial growers and the seeds are somewhat rare even from wildflower seed exchanges.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d NatureServe (2023). "Mertensia lanceolata". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  2. ^ "Mertensia lanceolata". ipni.org. International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2018-09-30.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) DC". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Heil, Kenneth D.; O’Kane, Jr., Steve L.; Reeves, Linda Mary; Clifford, Arnold (2013). Flora of the Four Corners Region : Vascular Plants of the San Juan River Drainage, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. St. Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. pp. 335–336. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  5. ^ a b Kelaidis, Panayoti (1994). A Guide to Locating Rocky Mountain Wildflowers. Frederick, Colorado: Renaissance House. p. 34. ISBN 1-55838-148-1. OCLC 31866209.
  6. ^ a b Ackerfield, Jennifer (2015). Flora of Colorado (1st ed.). Fort Worth, Texas: Botanical Research Institute of Texas. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-889878-45-4. OCLC 910162216.
  7. ^ Lanham, Urless Norton (1974). The Enchanted Mesa : An Introduction to Its Natural History. Boulder, Colorado: Pruett. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-87108-083-7. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i Bennett, Masha (2003). Pulmonarias and the Borage Family. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 130–131. ISBN 978-0-88192-589-0. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  9. ^ a b c Barr, Claude A. (1983). Jewels of the Plains : Wild Flowers of the Great Plains Grasslands and Hills. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press. p. 118–119. ISBN 0-8166-1127-0.
  10. ^ Pursh, Frederick (1814). Flora Americae Septentrionalis (in Latin and English). London: White, Cochrane, and Co. p. 729. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  11. ^ "Casselia Dumort". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  12. ^ "Casselia Nees & Mart". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  13. ^ "Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) DC". World Flora Online. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  14. ^ a b c d NRCS (5 April 2024), "Mertensia lanceolata", PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  15. ^ "Mertensia lanceolata var. nivalis (S.Watson) L.C.Higgins". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  16. ^ a b "Mertensia lanceolata var. coriacea (A.Nelson) L.C.Higgins & S.L.Welsh". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  17. ^ NRCS (5 April 2024), "Mertensia lanceolata var. lanceolata", PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  18. ^ "Mertensia lanceolata var. secundorum (Cockerell) Cockerell". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
  19. ^ NRCS (5 April 2024), "Mertensia lanceolata var. secundorum", PLANTS Database, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  20. ^ Dodson, Carolyn; Dunmire, William W. (2007). Mountain Wildflowers of the Southern Rockies : Revealing Their Natural History. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 96–97. ISBN 978-0-8263-4244-7. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  21. ^ Michael, Hassler (1 April 2024). "Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 19.2". World Plants. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  22. ^ a b Sproull, Gregory J.; Quigley, Martin F.; Sher, Anna; González, Eduardo (2015). "Long-term changes in composition, diversity and distribution patterns in four herbaceous plant communities along an elevational gradient". Journal of Vegetation Science. 26 (3): 557. ISSN 1100-9233. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  23. ^ Fornwalt, Paula J.; Kaufmann, Merrill R. (2014). "Understorey plant community dynamics following a large, mixed severity wildfire in a Pinus ponderosa–Pseudotsuga menziesii forest, Colorado, USA". Journal of Vegetation Science. 25 (3): 810. ISSN 1100-9233. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  24. ^ Keith, Robin P.; Veblen, Thomas T.; Schoennagel, Tania L.; Sherriff, Rosemary L. (2010). "Understory vegetation indicates historic fire regimes in ponderosa pine-dominated ecosystems in the Colorado Front Range". Journal of Vegetation Science. 21 (3): 495. ISSN 1100-9233. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  25. ^ Carter, S.; Goeckner, N.; Julian, C.; Langelo, L.; Shonle, I.; Dennis, C. (2023). "Fact Sheet 6.305 Wildfire Mitigation Series, Landscaping and Planting" (PDF). CSU Extension. Colorado State University. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  26. ^ Love, Stephen L; Akins, Candace J (2019). "Fourth summary of the native seed germination studies of Norman C Deno: species with names beginning with letters L through O". Native Plants Journal. 20 (3): 292. doi:10.3368/npj.20.3.279.

Read other articles:

Celâl Bayar

Celâl Bayar Presiden Turki ke-3Masa jabatan27 Mei 1950 – 27 Mei 1960Perdana MenteriAdnan Menderes Pendahuluİsmet İnönüPenggantiCemal GürselPerdana Menteri Turki ke-3Masa jabatan1 November 1937 – 25 Januari 1939PresidenMustafa Kemal Atatürkİsmet İnönü Pendahuluİsmet İnönüPenggantiRefik SaydamPemimpin Partai DemokratMasa jabatan7 Juni 1946 – 9 Juni 1950 PendahuluJabatan baruPenggantiAdnan MenderesAnggota Majelis Agung NasionalMasa jabatan2...

 

Lapangan Teater

Untuk lapangan di Warsawa, Polandia, lihat Lapangan Teater (Warsawa). Lapangan Sverdlov (Lapangan Teater) oada 1932. Lapangan Teater atau Lapangan Teatralnaya (Rusia: Театральная площадьcode: ru is deprecated , Teatralnaya ploshchad), yang dikenal sebagai Lapangan Sverdlov antara 1919 dan 1991, adalah sebuah lapangan kota di Distrik Tverskoy, tengah Moskwa, Rusia. Lapangan terbut terletak di persimpangan Jalan Jembatan Kuznetsky, Jalan Petrovka, dan Theatre Drive. Lapangan t...

 

The Wild Thornberrys

The Wild ThornberrysThe Wild Thornberrys, dari kiri ke kanan, Nigel, Marianne (dengan kamera), Eliza (dengan kacamata) dan Darwin (monyet), Donnie, dan Debbie (duduk)PembuatArlene KlaskyGabor CsupoSteve PepponDavid SilvermanStephen SustaricSutradaraMark RisleyPemeranLacey ChabertTom KaneFleaDanielle HarrisJodi CarlisleTim CurryNegara asal Amerika SerikatJmlh. musim4Jmlh. episode91 (daftar episode)ProduksiDurasi22 menitRilis asliJaringanNickelodeonIndonesia:ANteve (2002)Lativi (2004-2005...

Peter Diamandis

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2023. Peter DiamandisLahir20 Mei 1961 (umur 62)The Bronx, New York City, New York, Amerika SerikatPendidikanMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyHarvard Medical SchoolPekerjaanWirusahawanTempat kerjaX Prize FoundationDikenal atasIndustri penerbangan an...

 

Muster (Texas A&M University)

The 2007 Aggie Muster at Reed Arena: The Ross Volunteers stand at attention as candles are lit for the deceased. Aggie Muster is a tradition at Texas A&M University which celebrates the camaraderie of the university while remembering the lives of alumni who have died, specifically those in the past year. Muster officially began on April 21, 1903, as a day for remembrance of fellow Aggies. Muster ceremonies today take place in approximately 320 locations globally. The largest muster ceremo...

 

Dani Ramdan

Dani Ramdan Penjabat Bupati BekasiPetahanaMulai menjabat 23 Mei 2022PresidenJoko WidodoGubernurRidwan Kamil Bey Machmudin (Pj.)PendahuluAkhmad Marjuki (Plt.)PenggantiPetahanaMasa jabatan23 Juli 2021 – 27 Oktober 2021PresidenJoko WidodoGubernurRidwan KamilPendahuluHerman Hanafi (Plh.)PenggantiAkhmad Marjuki (Plt.)Penjabat Bupati PangandaranMasa jabatan25 September 2020 – 5 Desember 2020PresidenJoko WidodoGubernurRidwan KamilPendahuluJeje WiradinataPenggantiKusdiana (P...

Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo

Nama ini menggunakan cara penamaan Spanyol: nama keluarga pertama atau paternalnya adalah Nguema dan nama keluarga kedua atau maternalnya adalah Mbasogo. Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Presiden Guinea KhatulistiwaPetahanaMulai menjabat 3 Agustus 1979Perdana MenteriCristino Seriche BiokoSilvestre Siale BilekaÁngel Serafín Seriche DouganCándido Muatetema RivasMiguel Abia Biteo BoricóRicardo Mangue Obama NfubeaIgnacio Milam TangVicente Ehate TomiFrancisco Pascual Obama AsuePendahuluF...

 

Lihue, Hawaii

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Lihue, Hawaii – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Census-designated place in Hawaii, United StatesLihue, Hawaii LīhuʻeCensus-designated placeAerial view of LihueLocation in Kauai County and the ...

 

Isole antartiche e sub-antartiche

Antartide ed isole circostanti Le isole antartiche sono le isole situate nell'Oceano Meridionale o nei mari antartici a sud del Circolo Polare Antartico. Le isole sub-antartiche sono le isole situate a nord dei 60°S. Secondo quanto stipulato nel Trattato Antartico non sono riconosciute le rivendicazioni territoriali sulle terre situate a sud dei 60°S, sono incluse quindi le isole antartiche. Isole sub-antartiche Mappa del 1929 di un settore delle isole antartiche Isole Antipodi 49°40′S 1...

Provinsi Tay Ninh

Provinsi Tay Ninh merupakan sebuah provinsi di Vietnam. Provinsi ini terletak di bagian selatan di negara itu. Provinsi ini memiliki luas wilayah 4.028 km² dengan memiliki jumlah penduduk 1.029.800 jiwa (2004). Provinsi ini memiliki angka kepadatan penduduk 255 jiwa/km². Ibu kotanya ialah Tay Ninh. Pranala luar Situs resmi Diarsipkan 2006-08-19 di Wayback Machine. lbsPembagian administratif Vietnam Wilayah di Vietnam Tay Bac · Delta Sungai Merah · Bac Trung Bo...

 

Outline of the United States

See also: Category:United States and Template:United States topicsOverview of and topical guide to the United States The flag of the United States An orthographic projection of the United States. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the United States: United States of America – federal republic located primarily in North America, and the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with...

 

Aimery of Cyprus

Late 12th and early 13th-century King of Jerusalem and King of Cyprus Amalric of Cyprus redirects here. For the later regent of Cyprus, see Amalric, Lord of Tyre. Aimery of Jerusalem redirects here. For the patriarch of Jerusalem, see Aymar the Monk. AimeryAimery's seal as King of Cyprus and JerusalemLord of CyprusReign1194–1196PredecessorGuyKing of CyprusReign1196–1205CoronationSeptember 1197SuccessorHugh IKing of Jerusalemtogether with Isabella I Reign1198–1205CoronationJanuary 1198Pr...

Aristides of Athens

2nd-century Christian Greek author This article is about the Christian Greek author. For the Athenian commander, see Aristides. For the Greek orator, see Aelius Aristides. Aristides the AthenianAristides the AthenianApologistBornAthens, GreeceVenerated inCatholic ChurchEastern Orthodox ChurchFeast31 August (Roman Catholic Church) 13 September (Eastern Orthodox Church) Aristides the Athenian (also Saint Aristides or Marcianus Aristides; Greek: Ἀριστείδης Μαρκιανός) was...

 

Edie Falco

Edie FalcoFalco pada tahun 2010LahirEdith Falco05 Juli 1963 (umur 60)New York City, New York, Amerika SerikatAlmamaterState University of New York at Purchase (BFA)PekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1987–kiniAnak2 Edith Falco (lahir 5 Juli 1963) adalah seorang pemeran asal Amerika Serikat. Ia dikenal karena berperan sebagai Diane Whittlesey dalam seri HBO Oz (1997–2000) dan Carmela Soprano dalam seri HBO The Sopranos (1999–2007). Referensi Pranala luar Cari tahu mengenai Edie Falco p...

 

Hurricane Gloria

Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1985 This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 1985. For other storms of the same name, see Tropical Storm Gloria (disambiguation). Hurricane Gloria Gloria near peak intensity north of Hispaniola on September 24Meteorological historyFormedSeptember 16, 1985ExtratropicalSeptember 28, 1985DissipatedOctober 4, 1985Category 4 major hurricane1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)Highest winds145 mph (230 km/h)Lowest pressure919 mbar (hPa); 27...

Pacific Northwest

Region of northwestern North America This article is about the region of northwestern North America and its Pacific Ocean coastal waters in Canada and the United States. For the U.S.-only region, see Northwestern United States. For the wrestling territory, see Pacific Northwest Wrestling. For the ocean, see Northwest Pacific. For Phone company, see Pacific Northwest Bell. Region that includes parts of Canada and the United StatesPacific NorthwestCascadiaRegion Left-right from top: Seattle sky...

 

De Agostini

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi De Agostini (disambigua). Questa voce o sezione sugli argomenti case editrici e aziende italiane non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. De Agostini S.p.A.Logo Lo stabilimento di Novara, visto dall'A4 Torino-Milano Stato Italia Form...

 

Honorary citizenship of the United States

U.S. title of honor A person of exceptional merit, a non-United States citizen, may be declared an honorary citizen of the United States by an Act of Congress or by a proclamation issued by the president of the United States, pursuant to authorization granted by Congress. Eight people have been so honored, six posthumously, and two, Sir Winston Churchill and Saint Teresa of Calcutta, during their lifetimes. Recipients Number Name Image Award date Information 1 Sir Winston Churchill 1963 Prime...

Blarney (code name)

US NSA communications surveillance program National Security Agency surveillanceMap of global NSA data collection as of 2007[update], with countries subject to the most data collection shown in red Programs Pre-1978 ECHELON MINARET SHAMROCK PROMIS Since 1978 Upstream collection BLARNEY FAIRVIEW Main Core ThinThread Genoa Since 1990 RAMPART-A Since 1998 Tailored Access Operations Since 2001 OAKSTAR STORMBREW Trailblazer Turbulence Genoa II Total Information Awareness President's Survei...

 

Antennophorina

Antennophorina Micromegistus sp. Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ПервичноротыеБез ранга:ЛиняющиеБез ранга:PanarthropodaТип:ЧленистоногиеПодтип:ХелицеровыеКласс:ПаукообразныеПодкласс:КлещиНадотряд...