Mendelson's syndrome

Mendelson's syndrome
Specialty	Pneumonology

Mendelson's syndrome, named in 1946 for American obstetrician and cardiologist Curtis Lester Mendelson, is a form of chemical pneumonitis or aspiration pneumonitis caused by aspiration of stomach contents (principally gastric acid) during anaesthesia in childbirth. This complication of anaesthesia led, in part, to the longstanding nil per os (abbr. NPO; a Latin phrase meaning nothing by mouth) recommendation for women in labour.^[1]^[2]

Presentation

Mendelson's syndrome is characterised by a bronchopulmonary reaction following aspiration of gastric contents during general anaesthesia due to abolition of the laryngeal reflexes. The main clinical features are signs of general hypoxia, two to five hours after anaesthesia. Such features may include cyanosis, dyspnea, fever, pulmonary wheeze, crepitant rales, rhonchi, and tachycardia with a low blood pressure. Decreased arterial oxygen tension is also likely to be evident. Pulmonary edema can cause sudden death or death may occur later from pulmonary complications.^{[citation needed]}

Risk factors

Historically it is said that a patient is at risk if they have:^[3]

Residual gastric volume of greater than 25ml, with
pH of less than 2.5

However these are indirect measurements and are not factors that directly influence aspiration risk.^[3]

Patients with a high risk should have a rapid sequence induction. High risk is defined as these factors:^[3]

Non-elective surgical procedure
Light anaesthesia/unexpected response to stimulation
Acute or chronic, upper or lower GI pathology
Obesity
Opioid medication
Neurological disease, impaired conscious level, or sedation
Lithotomy position
Difficult intubation/airway
Gastrointestinal reflux
Hiatal hernia

Eponym

It is named for Curtis Mendelson.^[4]^[5]

References

^ Malik, Irim; Doherty, Tara (26 June 2021). "Mendelson Syndrome". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. StatPearls Publishing LLC. PMID 30969586. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
^ Г.А.Рябов, СИНДРОМЫ КРИТИЧЕСКИХ СОСТОЯНИЙ. Аспирационный пневмонит (синдром Мендельсона), http://surgerycom.net/critical/4/4_3.html
^ ^a ^b ^c Levy, DM (2006). "Pre-operative fasting—60 years on from Mendelson". Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain. 6 (6): 215–218. doi:10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkl048.
^ Enersen, OD. "Whonamedit – Mendelson's syndrome". Whonamedit? A dictionary of medical eponyms. Retrieved 2011-04-22.
^ Mendelson, CL (1946). "The aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs during obstetric anesthesia". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 52 (2): 191–205. doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(16)39829-5. PMID 20993766.

External links

synd/2330 at Who Named It?

Diseases of the respiratory system

Upper RT
(including URTIs,
common cold)

Head	sinuses Sinusitis nose Rhinitis Vasomotor rhinitis Atrophic rhinitis Hay fever Nasal polyp Rhinorrhea nasal septum Nasal septum deviation Nasal septum perforation Nasal septal hematoma tonsil Tonsillitis Adenoid hypertrophy Peritonsillar abscess
Neck	pharynx Pharyngitis Strep throat Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Retropharyngeal abscess larynx Croup Laryngomalacia Laryngeal cyst Laryngitis Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Laryngospasm vocal cords Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) Vocal fold nodule Vocal fold paresis Vocal cord dysfunction epiglottis Epiglottitis trachea Tracheitis Laryngotracheal stenosis

Lower RT/
lung disease
(including LRTIs)

Bronchial/
obstructive

acute: Acute bronchitis

chronic

COPD

Chronic bronchitis

Acute exacerbation of COPD)

Asthma (Status asthmaticus

unspecified

Bronchiolitis obliterans

Diffuse panbronchiolitis

Interstitial/
restrictive
(fibrosis)

External agents/ occupational lung disease	Pneumoconiosis Aluminosis Asbestosis Baritosis Bauxite fibrosis Berylliosis Caplan's syndrome Chalicosis Coalworker's pneumoconiosis Siderosis Silicosis Talcosis Byssinosis Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Bagassosis Bird fancier's lung Farmer's lung Lycoperdonosis
Other	ARDS Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema Pulmonary edema Löffler's syndrome/Eosinophilic pneumonia Respiratory hypersensitivity Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Hamman–Rich syndrome Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Sarcoidosis Vaping-associated pulmonary injury

Obstructive /
Restrictive

Pneumonia/
pneumonitis

By pathogen	Viral Bacterial Pneumococcal Klebsiella Atypical bacterial Mycoplasma Legionnaires' disease Chlamydiae Fungal Pneumocystis Parasitic noninfectious Chemical/Mendelson's syndrome Aspiration/Lipid
By vector/route	Community-acquired Healthcare-associated Hospital-acquired
By distribution	Broncho- Lobar
IIP	UIP DIP BOOP-COP NSIP RB

Other

Atelectasis
circulatory
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Pulmonary embolism
Lung abscess

Pleural cavity/
mediastinum

Pleural disease	Pleuritis/pleurisy Pneumothorax/Hemopneumothorax Pleural effusion Hemothorax Hydrothorax Chylothorax Empyema/pyothorax Malignant Fibrothorax
Mediastinal disease	Mediastinitis Mediastinal emphysema

Other/general

Read other articles:

Lucky Luke – The Complete Collection

2019 collection of Lucky Luke comics Lucky Luke – The Complete CollectionVolume 1 book coverPublication informationPublisherCinebookFormatHardcoverDigital comicGenreWestern fictionHistorical fictionHumorPublication dateJune 26, 2019No. of issues5 to dateMain character(s)Lucky LukeJolly JumperRantanplanThe Dalton BrothersCreative teamWritten byMorrisRené GoscinnyArtist(s)Morris Lucky Luke – The Complete Collection is a series of books collecting the complete output of the Belgian com...

Charles dari Rohan

CharlesPangeran SoubiseKelahiran(1715-07-16)16 Juli 1715Palace of Versailles, PrancisKematian1 Juli 1787(1787-07-01) (umur 71)Hôtel de Soubise, Paris, PrancisNama lengkapCharles de RohanAyahJules, Pangeran SoubiseIbuAnne Julie de MelunPasanganAnne Marie Louise de La Tour d'AuvergnePuteri Anne Thérèse dari SavoyLandgravine Anna Viktoria dari Hesse-RotenburgAnakRincianCharlotte, Puteri CondéVictoire, Puteri Guéménée Charles de Rohan (16 Juli 1715 – 1 Juli 1787), adipati Rohan-Roha...

Hormon perangsang folikel

Hormon perangsang folikel. Hormon perangsang folikel (Inggris: follitropin, follicle stimulating hormone, FSHcode: en is deprecated ) adalah hormon yang dikeluarkan oleh gonadotropin. FSH berfungsi untuk memacu pertumbuhan dan kematangan folikel atau sel telur dalam ovarium dan juga berpengaruh pada peningkatan hormon estrogen pada wanita. Pada pria, FSH mengatur dan memelihara proses pembentukan sperma. Jumlah FSH sedikit ketika kecil dan tinggi setelah menopause. Pranala luar Day 3 FSH leve...

Butch Trucks

American drummer (1947–2017) Butch TrucksTrucks in 2007Background informationBirth nameClaude Hudson TrucksBorn(1947-05-11)May 11, 1947Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.DiedJanuary 24, 2017(2017-01-24) (aged 69)West Palm Beach, Florida, U.S.GenresRock, jazz, blues, jam, Southern rockOccupationsMusicianInstrumentsDrumsYears active1964–2017LabelsFlying FrogMusical artist Claude Hudson Butch Trucks (May 11, 1947 – January 24, 2017) was an American drummer. He was best known as a founding mem...

Richard Thomas (Pennsylvania politician)

American politician For other people with the same name, see Richard Thomas (disambiguation). Richard ThomasMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional districtIn officeMarch 4, 1795 to March 3, 1801Preceded bysee belowSucceeded byJoseph HemphillMember of the Pennsylvania Senatefrom the 9th districtIn office1791–1793Preceded bydistrict created Personal detailsBornDecember 30, 1744West Whiteland Township, Province of Pennsylvania, British Amer...

Religion in Barbados

Religion in Barbados is predominantly Christian. Religious freedom is established by law and generally enforced in practice, although some minority religious groups have complaints about government practices that interfere with their beliefs. Religion in Barbados (2010) Protestants (33.7%) Anglicans (28.8%) Other Christians (32.1%) Irreligious (1.9%) Bahá’ís (1.2%) Others (1.3%) St. Peter's Parish Church, Saint Peter, Bar...

A Dirty Shame

2004 film by John Waters A Dirty ShameTheatrical release posterDirected byJohn WatersWritten byJohn WatersProduced by Christine Vachon Ted Hope Starring Tracey Ullman Johnny Knoxville Selma Blair Chris Isaak CinematographySteve GainerEdited byJeffrey WolfMusic byGeorge S. ClintonProductioncompanies This is that Killer Films John Wells Productions City Lights Pictures Distributed byFine Line FeaturesRelease dates September 12, 2004 (2004-09-12) (TIFF) September 17, ...

Modafinil

Eugeroic medication ModafinilClinical dataTrade namesProvigil, Alertec, Modavigil, othersOther namesCRL-40476; Diphenylmethyl-sulfinylacetamideAHFS/Drugs.comMonographMedlinePlusa602016License data US DailyMed: Modafinil Pregnancycategory AU: D[1] DependenceliabilityRelatively low[2]AddictionliabilityLow[2]Routes ofadministrationBy mouth[3]Drug classCNS stimulanteugeroicATC codeN06BA07 (WHO) Legal statusLegal status AU: S4 (Prescrip...

Axel F

Axel FBerkas:Axel F HF.jpgSingel oleh Harold Faltermeyerdari album Beverly Hills Cop (soundtrack)Sisi-BDiscoveryShoot OutDirilisMaret 1985 (1985-03)Format712Direkam1984GenreSynth-pop[1]Durasi3:01LabelMCAMCA 949PenciptaHarold FaltermeyerProduserHarold FaltermeyerKronologi singel Harold Faltermeyer Axel F (1985) The Race Is On / Starlight Express(1987) Axel F adalah lagu instrumental elektronik untuk film Beverly Hills Cop karya Harold Faltermeyer. Pada tahun 1985, lagu ini mencapa...

ER-Telecom

ER-TelecomCompany typeClosed joint stock companyIndustryTelecommunicationFounded2001HeadquartersPerm, RussiaKey peopleAndrey Semerikov CEOProductsCablecasting, Broadband Internet, VoIPRevenue33,700,300,000 Russian ruble (2017) Operating income10,614,620,000 Russian ruble (2020) Net income4,285,956,000 Russian ruble (2020) Total assets99,440,636,000 Russian ruble (2020) Websitewww.ertelecom.ru/en ER-Telecom is a Russian telecommunication holding company. It was the first fe...

Antonio Ghislanzoni

Italian journalist, poet, and novelist Antonio Ghislanzoni Antonio Ghislanzoni (Italian pronunciation: [anˈtɔːnjo ɡizlanˈtsoːni]; 25 November 1824 – 16 July 1893) was an Italian journalist, poet, and novelist who wrote librettos for Verdi, among other composers, of which the best known are Aida and the revised version of La forza del destino. Life and career Ghislanzoni was born in Lecco, Lombardy, and studied briefly in a seminary, but was expelled for bad conduct in 1841...

Tat'jana Kotova

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando la modella russa, vedi Tat'jana Kotova (modella). Tat'jana Kotova Tat'jana Kotova (sulla destra) mentre festeggia per la medaglia di bronzo ai Mondiali 2007. Nazionalità Russia Altezza 182 cm Peso 59 kg Atletica leggera Specialità Salto in lungo Record Salto in lungo 7,42 m Palmarès Competizione Ori Argenti Bronzi Giochi olimpici 0 0 2 Mondiali 0 2 1 Mondiali indoor 2 2 0 Europei 1 0 0 Europei under 23 1 0 0 Vedi maggiori dettagli Modifica...

Хип-хоп

Хип-хоп Направление популярная музыка Истоки фанкдискоэлектронная музыкадабритм-энд-блюзреггидэнсхоллджаз[1]чтение нараспев[англ.]исполнение поэзииустная поэзияозначиваниедюжины[англ.]гриотыскэтразговорный блюз Время и место возникновения Начало 1970-х, Бронкс, Н...

Harley-Davidson

Harley-Davidson, Inc.JenisPublikKode emitenNYSE: HOGKomponen S&P 400IndustriKendaraan rekreasiDidirikan1903; 121 tahun lalu (1903)PendiriWilliam S. HarleyArthur DavidsonWalter Davidson William A. DavidsonKantorpusat Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Amerika SerikatTokohkunciJochen Zeitz (CEO dan chairman)[1]ProdukSepeda motorProduksi 241.498 unit (2017)[2]Pendapatan US$5,647 miliar (2017)[2]Laba operasi US$891 juta (2017)[2]Laba bersih US$522 juta (2017)[...

نورمان رامسي

نورمان رامسي (بالإنجليزية: Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.)‏ معلومات شخصية الميلاد 27 أغسطس 1915 [1][2][3][4] واشنطن العاصمة[5][6][7] الوفاة 4 نوفمبر 2011 (96 سنة) [8][9][10][1][2][3] مقاطعة ميدلسيكس الإقامة بوسطن مواطنة الولايات المت�...

Busy beaver

Longest-running turing machine of a given size For the 1931 Silly Symphonies animated film, see The Busy Beavers. For the online children's educational program, see Busy Beavers. This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts, without removing the technical details. (October 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) In theoretical computer science, the busy beaver game aims at finding a terminating prog...

Persembahan Jiwa

Persembahan JiwaAlbum studio karya DygtaDirilis1 Juni 2002GenrePopLabelUniversal Music IndonesiaKronologi Dygta KKSK (1999)KKSK1999 Persembahan Jiwa (2002) Pecinta Sejati (2004)Pecinta Sejati2004 Persembahan Jiwa adalah album musik solo perdana dari grup band asal Indonesia, Dygta, yang dirilis pada tahun 2002. Berisi 16 buah lagu dengan lagu utama yaitu lagu yang berjudul Tak Mungkin Kumelepasmu yang dinyanyikan berduet dengan Andina. Lagu Tak Mungkin Kumelepasmu yang dinyanyikan berduet...

Partai Jerman Sudeten

Partai Jerman Sudeten Sudetendeutsche ParteiSekretarisKonrad HenleinDibentuk1 Oktober 1933 (1933-10-01)Dibubarkan5 November 1938 (1938-11-5)Digabungkan dariPartai Buruh Sosialis Nasional Jerman,Partai Nasional JermanDigabungkan denganPartai Buruh Sosialis Nasional JermanKantor pusatAš, kemudian pindah ke Cheb[1]Surat kabarDie ZeitSayap paramiliter Volkssport Freiwilliger deutscher Schutzdienst (FS) Sudetendeutsches Freikorps (SFK) Keanggotaan (1938)1.35 jutaIdeolo...

Julia the Elder

Julia Major redirects here. For her great-grandaunt, also known as Julia the Elder, see Julia Major (sister of Caesar). Daughter of Emperor Augustus (39 BC – AD 14) Julia the ElderBust of Julia the Elder (Musée Saint-Raymond)Born30 October 39 BCRome, Italy, Roman RepublicDiedAD 14 (aged 52)Rhegium, Italy, Roman EmpireSpousesMarcellus (25 BC–September 23 BC; his death)Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (21 BC–12 BC; his death[citation needed]Tiberius (11 BC–2 BC; divorced)IssueGaius Cae...

Mark-Paul Gosselaar

Questa voce sull'argomento attori statunitensi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Mark-Paul Gosselaar nel 2023 Mark Paul Harry Gosselaar (Los Angeles, 1º marzo 1974) è un attore statunitense, noto soprattutto per aver interpretato il ruolo di Zack Morris nella serie televisiva Bayside School e il detective John Clark in NYPD Blue. Indice 1 Vita privata 2 Filmografia 2.1 Cinema 2.2 Televi...