Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement

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Marxist-Leninist Popular Action Movement

Founded	1970s
Ideology	Communism Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism
Political position	Far-left
Politics of Nicaragua Political parties Elections

Popular Action Movement - Marxist–Leninist (Movimiento de Acción Popular - Marxista–Leninista) is a Hoxhaist communist party in Nicaragua that surged out of a split from the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) in the early 1970s. Since 1985 it is officially named the Marxist–Leninist Party of Nicaragua (Partido Marxista-Leninista de Nicaragua), but the original name MAP-ML is far more known and has been used when participating in elections.

The party was founded in 1967 by pro-Chinese members of the Nicaraguan Socialist Party. When Albania broke with China, the MAP-ML followed Albania.^[1]

The party has a trade union wing, Frente Obrero (FO, Workers' Front) that was founded in 1974. The wing organized Milicias Populares Antisomocistas (MILPAS), which fought against the dictatorship of the Somoza regime. As of 1980, MAP-ML had only about 25 members, but through FO and El Pueblo, the daily newspaper of the party, it exerted much influence in the society.^[1]

One of the founders of MAP-ML, Marvin Ortega, had belonged to the national leadership of FSLN. MAP-ML built up a militant trade union activism and in urban areas had its own armed militias, Milicias Populares Antisomocistas (MILPAS). In the struggle against the Somoza regime, MILPAS forces fought under the command of the FSLN.

When the Sandinista Revolution succeeded in 1979, MAP-ML condemned it as "not a workers' but a bourgeois revolution". It organized strikes and land seizures. The Sandinistas reciprocated by disarming MILPAS and temporarily closing down El Pueblo. Several members were also imprisoned.^[1]

MAP-ML was generally critical against the mixed economy during the FSLN government. MAP-ML was the only party that voted against the Sandinista constitution in the National Assembly.

In 1984 MAP-ML was one of the parties that contested the general elections.^[1] The party got 2.1% of the votes in the parliamentary election and two seats in the national assembly. In the presidential election the MAP-ML candidate was Isidro Téllez Toruño, the general secretary of FO, and vice-presidential candidate was Juan Alberto Henríquez. Isidro and Henríquez got 11,352 votes (1%). An electoral slogan of MAP-ML was "¡Ni un voto a la burguesía! ¡Balas para el imperialismo!" ("Not one vote for the bourgeoisie! Bullets against imperialism!").

In 1985 the MAP-ML conference decided to officially change its name to Marxist–Leninist Party of Nicaragua (Partido Marxista-Leninista de Nicaragua).

MAP-ML opposed the Esquipulas Peace Agreement, which it saw as an imperialist scheme by the United States.

In the 1990 presidential election, the PMLN candidates (Isidro Téllez for president, Carlos Cuadra for vice-president) got 8,135 votes (0.6%). PMLN lost its parliamentary representation that year. PMLN lost their registration after the 1996 elections.

In the 2001 presidential elections, PMLN supported FSLN candidate Daniel Ortega.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hobday, Charles (1986). Communist and Marxist Parties of the World. Harlow: Longman. p. 338. ISBN 978-0582902640.

v t e Political parties in Nicaragua
Parliamentary parties	Sandinista National Liberation Front (71) Constitutionalist Liberal Party (14) Independent Liberal Party (2) Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance (2) Alliance for the Republic (1) Conservative Party (1) YATAMA (1)
Extra-parliamentary parties	Alternative for Change Authentic Costeño Autonomy Movement Central American Unionist Party Communist Party of Nicaragua Christian Unity Movement Citizens' Action Party Civic Association of Potosí Coast Peoples' Party Conservative Alliance Costeño Democratic Alliance Democratic Conservative Party Ecologist Green Party of Nicaragua Grand Liberal Union Independent Liberal Party for National Unity Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement Multiethnic Indigenist Party Multiethnic Party for Coast Unity National Action Party National Unity Movement Neoliberal Party Nicaraguan Christian Democratic Union Nicaraguan Democratic Movement Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path Nicaraguan Resistance Party Nicaraguan Socialist Party Popular Conservative Alliance Revolutionary Unity Movement Sandinista Renovation Movement Social Christian Party Social Conservative Party Social Democratic Party Up with the Republic Workers' Revolutionary Party
Defunct parties	Coast Alliance Coordinadora Democrática Nicaragüense Democratic Party Democratic Party of National Confidence Legitimist Party National Conservative Action National Convergence National Opposition Union (1966) National Opposition Union (1990) National Project Nationalist Liberal Party Popular Social Christian Party Revolutionary Party of Central American Workers Traditional Conservative Party Unity Alliance UNO-96 Alliance
Portal:Politics List of political parties Politics of Nicaragua

Pro-Albanian communist parties of the Cold War

Parties aligned with the Party of Labour of Albania

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