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Martin Manton
Martin Manton
	Manton in 1915
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
	In office; March 18, 1918 – February 7, 1939
Appointed by	Woodrow Wilson
Preceded by	Alfred Conkling Coxe Sr.
Succeeded by	Robert P. Patterson
Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
	In office; August 23, 1916 – March 18, 1918
Appointed by	Woodrow Wilson
Preceded by	Charles Merrill Hough
Succeeded by	John Knox
Personal details
Born	Martin Thomas Manton; August 2, 1880; New York City, New York, U.S.
Died	November 17, 1946 (aged 66); Fayetteville, New York, U.S.
Education	Columbia University (LLB)

Martin Thomas Manton (August 2, 1880 – November 17, 1946) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and previously was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. At his 1939 trial, Manton was acquitted of bribery, but convicted of conspiracy to obstruct justice. He served 19 months in federal prison.^[1]^[2]

Education and career

Born on August 2, 1880, in New York City, New York,^[3] Manton received a Bachelor of Laws in 1901 from Columbia Law School.^[3] He entered private practice in New York City from 1901 to 1916,^[3] part of that time partnered with William Bourke Cockran.^[4]

Notable client

In 1915, Manton was attorney for Charles Becker, the New York City police officer who was convicted and executed in the Rosenthal murder trial.^[5]

Federal judicial service

Manton was nominated by President Woodrow Wilson on August 15, 1916, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated by Judge Charles Merrill Hough.^[6]^[3] He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 23, 1916, and received his commission the same day.^[3] His service terminated on March 22, 1918, due to his elevation to the Second Circuit.^[3]

Manton was nominated by President Wilson on March 12, 1918, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Alfred Conkling Coxe Sr.^[6]^[3] He was confirmed by the Senate on March 18, 1918, and received commission the same day.^[3] He was a member of the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges (now the Judicial Conference of the United States) from 1926 to 1938.^[3] His service terminated on February 7, 1939, due to his resignation.^[3]

Supreme Court consideration

In 1922, President Warren G. Harding considered appointing Manton to the Supreme Court of the United States to succeed Justice William R. Day in what was then regarded as the "Catholic seat" on the Court. Manton encountered opposition led by Chief Justice William Howard Taft, and Harding ultimately appointed Justice Pierce Butler to the seat.^[7]

Notable cases

During the 1930s, Manton's seniority made him the Senior Circuit Judge of the Court (the rough equivalent of the Chief Judge position today). He wrote a memorable dissenting opinion in the obscenity litigation instigated by Bennett Cerf concerning the book Ulysses by James Joyce, United States v. One Book Entitled Ulysses, 72 F.2d 705 (2d Cir. 1934). Judges Learned Hand and Augustus Noble Hand decided that the book was not obscene, but Manton voted to ban it. Manton was also involved in a series of controversial decisions concerning control and financing of the companies then operating the New York City Subway.^[4]

Resignation and conspiracy conviction

Manton suffered severe financial reverses during the Great Depression and began to accept gifts and loans from persons having business before his court, some of which allegedly constituted outright bribes for selling his vote in pending patent litigation.^[4] Rumors of corruption spread and in 1939, Manton resigned under pressure of investigations by Manhattan District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey, who wrote a letter to the Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee recommending impeachment proceedings by a federal grand jury.^[4]^{[dubious – discuss]} Following his resignation, Manton was indicted in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York where he once sat as a judge. The government was represented at trial by John T. Cahill, the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York. Judge William Calvin Chesnut of the District of Maryland presided over the jury trial at which Manton called former Democratic Presidential candidates Alfred Smith and John W. Davis as character witnesses. Manton was convicted for conspiracy to obstruct justice.^[1]

Manton's conviction was affirmed by a specially constituted Second Circuit panel consisting of retired Supreme Court Justice George Sutherland, Supreme Court Justice Harlan Fiske Stone, and newly appointed Second Circuit Judge Charles Edward Clark.^[8] Manton was sentenced to two years in Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary and served 17 months.^[4]

Death

Manton died on November 17, 1946, in Fayetteville, New York,^[3] where he had moved following his release from prison.^[9]

Legacy

The 1940 Pulitzer Prize for reporting was awarded to S. Burton Heath for his coverage of the Manton trial for the New York World-Telegram.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b Mark Grossman, Political Corruption in America: An encyclopedia of scandals, power, and greed (2003) pp. 219-20.
^ Gary Stein, Justice for Sale: Graft, Greed, and a Crooked Federal Judge in 1930s Gotham (Globe Pequot Press 2023 ISBN 978-1-4930-7256-9)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k "Manton, Martin Thomas - Federal Judicial Center". www.fjc.gov.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Borkin, 1962
^ "Becker's Lawyers Plan Final Move - Application for Federal Writ of Habeas Corpus Discussed with Condemned Man's Wife - Letter Received by H.T. Marshall from Judge Bartlett Submitted to Counsel". New York Times. July 13, 1915. Retrieved 2010-12-24.
^ ^a ^b "Manton Appointed By Wilson In 1916. Then 36 Years Old, He Was Youngest Federal Judge in the Country. Got Appeals Post in 1918. As Lawyer, He Argued Case for Backer in Rosenthal Death. Acted on I.R.T. Pleas". New York Times. January 30, 1939. Retrieved 2010-12-24.
^ D. Danelski, A Supreme Court Justice Is Appointed (Random House 1964)
^ United States v. Manton, 107 F.2d 834 (2d Cir. 1939)
^ "Ex-Judge Manton Of U.S. Bench Here. Head of the Appeals Court Who Served Time for Accepting $186,000 Dies Up-State". Associated Press in the New York Times. November 18, 1946. Retrieved 2010-12-24.
^ "The Pulitzer Prizes | Awards". Pulitzer.org. Retrieved 2011-07-15.

Sources

"Manton, Martin Thomas - Federal Judicial Center". www.fjc.gov.

Legal offices
Preceded by Charles Merrill Hough	Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York 1916–1918	Succeeded by John Knox
Preceded by Alfred Conkling Coxe Sr.	Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit 1918–1939	Succeeded by Robert P. Patterson