Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily

Not to be confused with Princess Maria Amalia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1818–1857).

Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
Duchess of Orléans
Portrait by Louis Hersent, c. 1836
Queen consort of the French
Tenure9 August 1830 – 24 February 1848
Born(1782-04-26)26 April 1782
Caserta Palace, Naples
Died24 March 1866(1866-03-24) (aged 83)
Claremont House, Surrey, England
Burial
Royal Chapel, Dreux, France
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1809; died 1850)​
Issue
Names
Italian: Maria Amalia Teresa di Borbone
French: Marie-Amélie Thérèse de Bourbon-Siciles
HouseBourbon-Two Sicilies
FatherFerdinand I of the Two Sicilies
MotherMaria Carolina of Austria
SignatureMaria Amalia of Naples and Sicily's signature

Maria Amalia Teresa of Naples and Sicily (26 April 1782 – 24 March 1866) was Queen of the French by marriage to Louis Philippe I, King of the French.[1] She was the last queen of France.

Among her grandchildren were the monarchs Leopold II of Belgium, Empress Carlota of Mexico, with whom Maria Amalia regularly corresponded while she was in Mexico, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, and Queen Mercedes of Spain.

Early years

Maria Amalia (left) with her older sister Maria Luisa, by Angelica Kauffmann, 1782.

Maria Amalia was born on 26 April 1782 at the Caserta Palace[1] just outside Naples. She was the tenth of eighteen children of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies and Maria Carolina of Austria.[1]

As a young Italian princess, she was educated in the Catholic tradition, which she appears to have taken to heart. Maria Carolina, like her mother, Maria Theresa,[2] made an effort to be a part of her daughter's life, though she was cared for daily by her governess, Vincenza Rizzi.[3] As a child, Maria Amalia's mother and her aunt, Marie Antoinette, arranged for her engagement to Marie Antoinette's son, Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France, her cousin, the future king of France.[4] Her young fiancé died in 1789.[5]

Maria Amalia faced chaos and upheaval from a young age. The death of her aunt Marie Antoinette during the French Revolution and her mother's subsequent dramatic actions emblazoned the event in her memory.[6] During the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the Neapolitan court was not hostile to the movement. When the French monarchy was abolished and her aunt Marie Antoinette and uncle Louis XVI were executed, Maria Amalia's parents joined the First Coalition against France in 1793. Although peace was made with France in 1796, by 1798 conflict again erupted and the royal family fled to the Kingdom of Sicily,[1] leaving Naples on 21 December 1798 aboard HMS Vanguard, a British Royal Navy vessel protected by two Neapolitan warships. Maria Amalia spent the years 1800 to 1802 with her mother in Austria. In 1802, she finally returned to Naples with her mother. After the invasion of Naples by Napoleon in 1806, the royal family was once more forced to flee to Sicily, where they again settled in Palermo under the protection of British troops.[7]

While in exile, Maria Amalia encountered her future husband, Louis Philippe d'Orléans, also forced from his home in France[1] due to political complications of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon. Louis-Philippe's father, the previous Duke of Orléans, had been guillotined during the French Revolution, though he had advocated it in the early years.[8]

The two were married in 1809, three years after they met in Italy, whereupon Marie-Amelie became Duchess of Orléans. The ceremony was celebrated in Palermo 25 November 1809.[7] The marriage was considered controversial, because she was the niece of Marie Antoinette, while he was the son of a man who was considered to have played a part in the execution of her aunt.[7] Her mother was skeptical to the match for the same reason, but she had given her consent after he had convinced her that he was determined to compensate for the mistakes of his father, and after having agreed to answer all her questions regarding his father.[7]

Duchess of Orléans

Maria Amalia, by François Gérard, 1819

During the first years of her marriage, Marie-Amelie and Louis Philippe lived under British protection in Palermo, in a palace given to them by her father, the Palazzo Orléans.[7]

Marie-Amelie went to France with her new husband in 1814, where she attempted to make a home with her growing family, but with Napoleon's brief return, she was forced to flee yet again. Prior to her husband's rise to power, Marie-Amelie and her husband had to cope with a persistent money problem due to the fact that they had no income aside from that which they were given by the British crown.[9] The family was given permission to return to France again in 1817.[7]

During the Orléans' time in France prior to Louis-Philippe's accession, the family lived in the Palais-Royal, which had been the home of her father-in-law, Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans. Despite the monetary worries of the family, the house was returned to its original splendor at a cost to the couple of eleven million francs.[10] During their tenure as Duke and Duchess of Orléans, her spouse made Palais-Royal a center of high society in Paris when the aristocracy found the royal court, which was organized according to revived l'ancien regime-etiquette, too stiff. However, it was rather her sister-in-law Madame Adelaide who was regarded the hostess at Palais-Royal, while Marie-Amelie was described as dignified but silent and withdrawn.[7] In 1825, the Duke and Duchess met with her sister and brother-in-law, the King and Queen of Sardinia in Chambéry, and in May 1830, they hosted her brother and sister-in-law, the King and Queen of the Two Sicilies, at Palais-Royal.[7]

Tenure as queen

In 1830, following what is known as the July Revolution, Louis-Philippe became king of the French, with Maria Amalia as queen of the July Monarchy. Maria Amalia did not approve of Louis-Philippe's acceptance of the crown and reportedly described it as a catastrophe.[7]

When tumult followed the publication of the Ordinances in 1830 and erupted in the July revolution in Paris, the Orléans family was at the country estate Neuilly. Her sister in-law, Adélaïde, convinced Louis-Philippe that the moment was right for him to place himself as the leader of the opposition against the absolute monarchy of Charles X, and present himself as the candidate of a constitutional monarchy, in between the unpopular absolute monarchy and the republicanism.[7] In this, she defeated the view of her sister in-law, Maria Amalia, who was loyal to the reigning older branch. When rumors arrived that the royalists were going to arrest Louis-Philippe, he evacuated to Raincy and the children were sent to Villers-Cotterêts, but Adélaïde and Maria Amalia remained at Neuilly. When a delegation reached Neuilly and offered Louis-Philippe the crown, Maria Amalia refused the offer on behalf of herself and her spouse, reproaching Ary Scheffer and Adolphe Thiers for insulting them by having made it.[7] Adélaïde, however, accepted it with the argument that her brother would do anything to prevent the country he loved from anarchy.[7] Thiers accepted the answer of Adélaïde rather than the one from Maria Amalia with the words: "Madame, you have given the crown to your family".[7] After this, several other visits followed from people asking Louis-Philippe to accept the crown: to all, Maria Amalia answered that Louis-Philippe was an honest man and thus could not do it, while Adélaïde contradicted her by stating, that the offer should be made to Louis-Philippe by the chamber of deputies; and if he should hesitate, she would herself go to Paris and accept the crown for him.[7] Soon after, the Chamber of Deputies called Louis-Philippe to Paris to formally present him their offer. It has been estimated that he accepted the crown largely because of Adélaïde.[7]

Portrait of Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily, by Louis Hersent (c. 1835).

When the news arrived that Louis-Philippe had accepted the crown, Maria Amalia reportedly cried and sobbed: "What a catastrophe! They will call my husband an usurper!"[7] She refused to return to Paris with her children in an open state carriage, as this would give an impression of triumph. When she did arrive to the Palais-Royal, which was at that time wide open to the public, it was noticed that she looked as if she had been crying, which attracted attention. She and her sister-in-law visited those who had been wounded during the revolution, and supported them financially.

Maria Amalia was to say that she could see no advantages of the crown, only the destruction of a peaceful family life and an insecurity for the lives of her family.[7] However, she concluded, as God has given them the crown, they must do the best of the matter: "Since by God's will this Crown of Thorns has been placed upon our heads, we must accept it and the duties it entails".[7] At 6 August 1830, she and her sister-in-law were present at the tribune on the ceremony at the chambers when Louis-Philippe were declared King of the French. She herself was never honored with any form of official ceremony, though she was automatically given the honorary title Queen of the French.

Maria Amalia did not play an active role in politics and in fact made a concentrated effort to remove herself from it.[11] In 1832, after the failed coup of Marie-Caroline de Bourbon-Sicile, duchess de Berry, Marie-Caroline appealed to her from her prison at Blaye, as did one of Marie-Caroline's followers, Mesnard; however Maria Amalia refused to even receive the petition of the first nor to promise anything to the second, despite being personally attached to the Duchess de Berry.[7] It was with his sister rather than with his wife that the King discussed state affairs.[7]

As Queen, Maria Amalia became foremost known for her simple personal life style and her charity.[7] For political reasons, King Louis-Philippe did not wish to have any representation or court life of the more elaborate kind but, rather wished to give the impression of his family living a life of the burgher class, and during her tenure as Queen, the royal court was relatively subdued to its outward appearance.[7] The court etiquette at the Tuileries was therefore simplified, and the royal family lived a life which was to be modeled after the ideal life of a wealthy burgher class family of the time, with few state occasions, though they did regularly host smaller gala dinners for the representatives of the people. This domestic life did suit Maria Amalia, who was already devoted to this life style. The household included her lady-in-waiting, the Marquise de Dolomieu.[12]

The Queen's daily routine centered around family dinners, religious duties and charitable work: she kept a strict guard over her daughters and later her daughters-in-law, sewing with them in the drawing room when she was not occupied with her charitable work.[7] After having heard Mass and received private audiences, she worked with her secretaries receiving, personally reading and attending to petitions from the poor.[7] Reportedly, Maria Amalia received a personal allowance of 500.000 franc, and spent 400.000 franc of that sum on charity.[7] In one instance, she responded to a request from French missionary sister Saint Mother Theodore Guerin of the Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods by saying, "Ah, yes, sisters, let us save souls!" She gave Guerin and her fellow Sister of Providence Mary Cecilia Bailly funds for their schools in the United States, as well as covered their travel expenses.[13] Reportedly, however, she did give contributions to the needing regardless of their political or religious convictions.[7] As queen she was named Protector of several charity organizations, notably the Société de Charité Maternelle.[14]

She was regarded to have performed her representational duties with dignity. In 1843, she hosted British Queen Victoria at the Château d'Eu in Normandy.[7] She did not, however, follow Louis-Philippe on his visit to England in 1844.[7]

While Maria Amalia had accepted the crown unwillingly, she regarded it her duty to keep it after it had once been given to her by God.[7] During the Revolution of 1848, Maria Amalia made an attempt to get Louis-Philippe to take control of the troops, rally the National Guard, subdue the riots on the streets and defend his crown with his life.[7] Reportedly, he did not answer her, but only asked her to trust his judgement.[7] When a mob marched toward the Tuileries, Louis Philippe was convinced by his ministers to flee, and he signed his abdication in favor of his grandson against the consent of Maria Amalia.[7] When the family left the palace, Maria Amalia reportedly turned to minister Thiers and commented: "Ah Monsieur, you were not worthy of such a good king!"[7]

The family left under somewhat chaotic circumstances, and Maria Amalia reportedly fainted and had to be lifted into her carriage.[7] The couple were accompanied by their son Antoine, Duke of Montpensier; their daughter-in-law the Duchess of Nemours; their daughter Princess Clementine and her spouse, as well as six grandchildren.[7] Their eldest son's widow the Duchess of Orléans and her sons were left at the palace in the company of their son the Duke of Nemours to fight for the right to the crown of their grandson, the Count of Paris.[7]

The family left Paris for Saint-Cloud and from there to Dreux, where they parted and made their way to England in different groups. Maria Amalia and Louis Philippe lived for a while in the cottage of a friend in Honfleur, before they left in secret by Le Havre for Newhaven in England.[7]

Exile and death

Photograph of Maria Amalia in her old age by Antoine Claudet, c. 1860–66

In England, Louis Philippe and Maria Amalia were well received by Queen Victoria, who let them live in Claremont House in Surrey for life.[7] As the French state had decided not to confiscate their property, they did not have money problems.[7]

Louis Philippe died two years later. After the death of her husband, Maria Amalia continued to live in England where she attended daily Mass and was well known to Queen Victoria.[15] She spent her remaining years living a private family life, and was joined by most of her children with the exception of the Duke of Montpensier. Maria Amalia regarded the elder branch of the Bourbon to have superior right to the French throne, and she supported her son the Duke of Nemours when he reconciled with the head of the elder Bourbon line, Henri, Count of Chambord, on behalf of the Orléans line.[7] At her death, she also asked to be called Duchess of Orléans on her grave stone rather than Queen of the French.[7]

Maria Amalia died on 24 March 1866, aged 83.[16] She was the last surviving grandchild of Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. After her death, the dress she had kept since 1848 when her husband had left France was put on her, according to her last wishes.[17]

Issue

Name Picture Birth Death Notes
Ferdinand, Duke of Orléans 3 September 1810 13 July 1842 Married Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, had issue.
Princess Louise d'Orléans 3 April 1812 11 October 1850 Married Leopold I of Belgium, had issue.
Princess Marie d'Orléans 12 April 1813 6 January 1839 Married Duke Alexander of Württemberg, had issue.
Louis, Duke of Nemours 25 October 1814 26 June 1896 Married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, had issue.
Princess Françoise d'Orléans 26 March 1816 20 May 1818 Died aged two. Baptised on 20 July 1816, with Francis I, Emperor of Austria as her godfather.
Princess Clémentine d'Orléans 6 March 1817 16 February 1907 Married Prince August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, had issue.
François, Prince of Joinville 14 August 1818 16 June 1900 Married Princess Francisca of Brazil, had issue.
Charles, Duke of Penthièvre 1 January 1820 25 July 1828 Died aged eight.
Henri, Duke of Aumale 16 January 1822 7 May 1897 Married Princess Maria Carolina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, had issue.
Antoine, Duke of Montpensier 31 July 1824 4 February 1890 Married Infanta Luisa Fernanda, Duchess of Montpensier, had issue.

Ancestry

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Marie Amélie Thérèse" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 709–710.
  2. ^ Dyson. C.C, The Life of Marie Amelie Last Queen of the French, 1782–1866, BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008, p. 50.
  3. ^ Dyson, p. 31.
  4. ^ Dyson, p. 35.
  5. ^ Dyson, p. 37.
  6. ^ Dyson, p. 39.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Dyson, C. C: The life of Marie Amélie last queen of the French, 1782–1866. With some account of the principal personages at the courts of Naples and France in her time, and of the careers of her sons and daughters (1910)
  8. ^ Dyson, p. 100.
  9. ^ Dyson, p. 112.
  10. ^ Dyson, p. 153.
  11. ^ "Marie-Amélie de Bourbon profile". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
  12. ^ "FAUTEUIL D'EPOQUE EMPIRE PROVENANT DU PALAIS DES TUILERIES". Christies.
  13. ^ Guerin, Mother Theodore (1937). Journals and Letters of Mother Theodore Guerin. Providence Press.
  14. ^ Christine Adams, Poverty, Charity, and Motherhood: Maternal Societies in Nineteenth-Century
  15. ^ Dyson, p. 295.
  16. ^ Dyson, p. 306.
  17. ^ Dyson, p. 307.
  18. ^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. pp. 1 (mother), 9 (father).

Bibliography

  • Dyson, C. C. (1910). The life of Marie-Amélie. New York: D. Appleton and Company. OCLC 526786.

Further reading

  • Henry Gardiner Adams, ed. (1857). "Amelie Maria, ex-Queen of the French". A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography: 37–39. Wikidata Q115667504.
  • Howarth, T.E.B. Citizen-King, The Life of Louis-Philippe, King of the French. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1961.
  • Margadant, Jo Burr. "The Duchesse de Berry and Royalist Political Culture in Postrevolutionary France. History Workshop Journal, No. 43, (Spring, 1997).
  • Margadant, Jo Burr. "Gender, Vice, and the Political Imagery in Postrevolutionary France: Reinterpreting the Failure of the July Monarchy 1830–1848." American Historical Review 104.5, (1995).
  • Paris, Isabelle comtesse de. La Reine Marie-Amelie, Grand-mere de l'Europe. Paris: Perrin, 1998.
Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
Cadet branch of the House of Bourbon
Born: 26 April 1782 Died: 24 March 1866
French royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Marie Thérèse of France
as Queen of France and of Navarre 		Queen consort of the French
9 August 1830 – 24 February 1848 		Vacant
Title next held by
Eugénie de Montijo
as Empress of the French

Read other articles:

Fundación Hanns Seidel

Fundación Hanns Seidel Acrónimo HSSTipo think tank y Fundaciones políticas alemanasCampo enseñanza de la ciencia políticaIndustria Tercer sectorForma legal ActivoFundación 11 de abril de 1967Sede central Múnich (Alemania)Presidente Ursula MännlePresidente Markus FerberIngresos 71 921 227 eurosEmpleados 277Miembro de German Commission for UNESCOCoordenadas 48°09′10″N 11°32′50″E / 48.152724, 11.547264Sitio web www.hss.de[editar datos en Wikidata&...

 

Solar power in Ohio

Overview of solar power in the U.S. state of Ohio Solar panels in Cleveland Solar power in Ohio has been increasing, as the cost of photovoltaics has decreased. Ohio installed 10 MW of solar in 2015.[1] Ohio adopted a net metering rule which allows any customer generating up to 25 kW to use net metering, with the kilowatt hour surplus rolled over each month, and paid by the utility once a year at the generation rate upon request. For hospitals there is no limit on size, but two m...

 

Anthony Olubunmi Okogie

Catholic cardinal His EminenceAnthony Olubunmi OkogieCardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of LagosChurchCatholic (Roman Rite)ArchdioceseLagosProvinceLagosMetropolisLagosSeeLagosAppointed13 April 1973Retired25 May 2012Term ended25 May 2012PredecessorJohn Kwao Amuzu AggeySuccessorAlfred Adewale MartinsOther post(s)Cardinal-Priest of Beata Vergine Maria del Monte Carmelo a MostaccianoOrdersOrdination11 December 1966by John Kwao Amuzu AggeyConsecration29 August 1971by Owen McCoyCreated cardina...

J. Gresham Machen

The ReverendJ. Gresham MachenLahirJohn Gresham Machen(1881-07-28)28 Juli 1881Baltimore, Maryland, ASMeninggal1 Januari 1937(1937-01-01) (umur 55)Bismarck, Dakota Utara, ASDikenal atasMendirikan Seminari Teologi Westminster dan Gereja Presbiterian OrtodoksKarier gerejawi GerejaPresbyterian Church in the United States of AmericaGereja Presbiterian OrtodoksDitahbiskan1914JabatanModerator Sidang Raya Gereja Presbiterian Ortodoks (1936)[a] Latar belakang akademisDipengaruhi Francis L...

 

Dr. H. B. Ward House

Historic house in Alabama, United States United States historic placeDr. H. B. Ward HouseU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesAlabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage Dr. H. B. Ward House in 1996Show map of AlabamaShow map of the United StatesLocation202 4th Ave., Cuba, AlabamaCoordinates32°25′42″N 88°22′33″W / 32.42833°N 88.37583°W / 32.42833; -88.37583Area2 acres (0.81 ha)Built1880 (1880)Architectural styleGreek Revival, I-houseNRHP&#...

 

List of municipalities in Tennessee

Map of the United States with Tennessee highlighted These directional signs in Crossville, photographed in 1937 by Ben Shahn as part of a New Deal program, helped travelers find their way to other Tennessee cities and towns. Tennessee is a state located in the Southern United States. There are 346 municipalities in the state of Tennessee. Municipalities in the state are designated as cities or towns. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, 3,564,494 Tennesseans, or just over 56% of the state's total pop...

Ernest Bevin

The Right HonourableErnest Bevin Sekretaris Negara untuk Urusan Luar NegeriMasa jabatan27 Juli 1945 – 9 Maret 1951Perdana MenteriClement Attlee PendahuluAnthony EdenPenggantiHerbert MorrisonMenteri Buruh dan Pelayanan NasionalMasa jabatan13 Mei 1940 – 23 Mei 1945Perdana MenteriWinston Churchill PendahuluErnest BrownPenggantiRab ButlerSekretaris Jenderal Transportasi dan Jenderal Serikat PekerjaMasa jabatan1 Januari 1922 – 27 Juli 1945 PendahuluJabatan bibentuk...

 

1917 in the United States

List of events ← 1916 1915 1914 1917 in the United States → 1918 1919 1920 Decades: 1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s See also: History of the United States (1865–1918) Timeline of United States history (1900–1929) List of years in the United States 1917 in the United States1917 in U.S. states and territories States Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Mi...

 

Ludhiana

Peta letak Ludhiana di Punjab Ludhiana merupakan sebuah kota di India. Kota ini letaknya di bagian utara. Tepatnya di negara bagian Punjab dan distrik Ludhiana. Pada tahun 2008, kota ini memiliki jumlah penduduk sebesar 2.000.000 jiwa. Kota ini merupakan kota terbesar di negara bagian itu. Demografi Agama Agama di kota Ludhiana (2011)[1]   Hindu (65.96%)  Sikhisme (28.75%)  Islam (2.81%)  Jainisme (1.05%)  Kristen (0.68%)  Bu...

Old Sacramento State Historic Park

United States historic placeOld Sacramento Historic DistrictU.S. National Register of Historic PlacesU.S. National Historic Landmark DistrictCalifornia Historical Landmark No. 812[1] The Big Four Building, Old SacramentoShow map of Sacramento, CaliforniaShow map of CaliforniaShow map of the United StatesLocationSacramento, CaliforniaCoordinates38°34′58″N 121°30′12″W / 38.58278°N 121.50333°W / 38.58278; -121.50333Built1849NRHP referen...

 

1912 United States House of Representatives elections

House elections for the 63rd U.S. Congress 1912 United States House of Representatives elections ← 1910 November 5, 1912[a] 1914 → All 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives218 seats needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Leader Champ Clark James Mann Party Democratic Republican Leader since March 4, 1909 March 4, 1911 Leader's seat Missouri 5th Illinois 2nd Last election 229 seats 162 seats Sea...

 

Fairuz Fauzy

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le sport automobile. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Fairuz FauzyFairuz Fauzy lors du Grand Prix d'Allemagne 2011.BiographieNaissance 24 octobre 1982 (41 ans)Kuala LumpurNationalité malaisienneActivités Pilote automobile, pilote de Formule 1Autres informationsSport Sport automobilemodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Mohamed Fairuz Fauzy, ...

Diaaeldin Kamal

Egyptian freestyle wrestler Diaaeldin KamalKamal at the 2016 OlympicsPersonal informationFull nameDiaaeldin Kamal Gouda AbdelmottalebBorn2 May 1993 (1993-05-02) (age 30)Height193 cm (6 ft 4 in)[1]Weight125 kg (276 lb)SportCountry EgyptSportFreestyle wrestling Medal record African Wrestling Championships 2016 Alexandria 125 kg 2020 Algiers 125 kg 2023 Hammamet 125 kg Diaaeldin Kamal Gouda Abdelmottaleb (Arabic: ضياء الدين كمال �...

 

Grand Theft Auto Online

GTA5 Grand Theft Auto Online Publikasi 1 Oktober 2013 PlayStation 3, Xbox 3601 Oktober 2013PlayStation 4, Xbox One18 November 2014Microsoft Windows14 April 2015PS5, Xbox Series X/SQ3/Q4 2021 GenreAksi petualanganKarakterKaren Daniels Latar tempatGrand Theft Auto HD universe LisensiLisensi proprietarium Bahasa Daftar Inggris, Prancis dan Rusia 60 Bagian dariGrand Theft Auto V Karakteristik teknisPlatformPlayStation 3, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Windows, PlayStation 5 dan Xbox Series X ...

 

2012–13 Newport County A.F.C. season

Newport County 2012–13 football seasonNewport County2012–13 seasonChairmanChris Blight(until 19 July 2012)Les Scadding(from 23 August 2012)ManagerJustin EdinburghStadiumRodney ParadeConference National3rd (promoted via play-offs)FA CupFourth qualifying roundFA TrophyFirst roundTop goalscorerLeague: Aaron O'Connor (19)All: Aaron O'Connor (21)Highest home attendance6,615 vs Grimsby Town (28 April 2013)Lowest home attendance1,479 vs Gateshead (1 December 2012)Average home league attendance2...

Herry Ario Naap

Ini adalah nama Papua, Biak, marganya adalah Naap Herry Ario NaapS.Si., M.Pd. Bupati Biak Numfor ke-12PetahanaMulai menjabat 19 Maret 2019PresidenJoko WidodoGubernurLukas EnembeSoedarmo (Plt.)Wakil PresidenMa'ruf AminWakilCalvin Masnembra (2022–)PendahuluMarkus Oktovianus Masnembra (Plh.)PenggantiPetahanaPelaksana Tugas Bupati Biak NumforMasa jabatan8 November 2017 – 13 Maret 2019Wakil PresidenJusuf KallaPendahuluThomas Alfa Edison OndiPenggantiMarkus Oktovianus Masnembra...

 

Burlington County Times

Newspaper in Willingboro Township, New Jersey Burlington County TimesTypeDaily newspaperFormatBroadsheetOwner(s)GannettPublisherMike Jameson[1][2]EditorPatricia S. Walker[2]Founded1958 as Levittown TimesHeadquarters116B Burrs Road, Westampton, New Jersey 08060CountryUnited StatesCirculation17,634 Daily23,614 Sunday (as of June 2016)[2]OCLC number15288442 Websitewww.burlingtoncountytimes.comMedia of the United StatesList of newspapers Logo in 2011 The Burlin...

 

Harriman State Park (New York)

For the state park in Idaho, see Harriman State Park (Idaho). State park of New York state, United States Harriman State ParkView from Harriman State Park, facing northLocation of Harriman State Park in New York StateLocationOrange / Rockland counties, New York, United StatesCoordinates41°14′35″N 74°06′02″W / 41.24306°N 74.10056°W / 41.24306; -74.10056Area47,527 acres (192.33 km2)[1]Established1910Visitors1,425,000 (in 2014)[1]...

Aldo Caprani

Questa voce sull'argomento politici italiani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Aldo Caprani Deputato dell'Assemblea CostituenteGruppoparlamentareComunista CollegioBrescia Dati generaliPartito politicoPartito Comunista Italiano Titolo di studiolaurea in giurisprudenza Professioneavvocato Aldo Caprani (Malegno, 10 gennaio 1899 – Roma, 11 agosto 1947) è stato un avvocato e ...

 

2013–14 Port Vale F.C. season

Port Vale 2013–14 football seasonPort Vale2013–14 seasonChairmanNorman SmurthwaiteManagerMicky AdamsStadiumVale ParkFootball League One9th (61 points)FA CupFourth Round(knocked out by Brighton & Hove Albion)League CupFirst Round(knocked out by Walsall)Football League TrophySecond Round(knocked out by Rochdale)Player of the YearTom PopeTop goalscorerLeague: Tom Pope (12)All: Tom Pope (16)Highest home attendance12,601 vs. Wolverhampton Wanderers, 31 August 2013Lowest home attendance2,3...