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Manda
Manda
Native to	India
Region	Orissa
Native speakers	(4,000 cited 2000)
Language family	Dravidian South-Central Gondi–Kui Manda–Pengo Manda; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	mha
Glottolog	mand1413
ELP	Manda (India)
	Manda is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

Manḍa is a Dravidian language of Odisha, spoken in the highlands of Thuamul Rampur block of Kalahandi district. It only became known to Western academia in 1964.^[1] Its speakers are generally known as 'Khond Parjas' by outsiders but self-identify as Manda Khonds. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the language was spoken in around 60 villages and the total number of speakers was estimated to be at 4000-5000. However the language is facing endangerment from Odia, which all speakers are bilingual in.^[3]

A dictionary of Manda was published in 2009.^[4]

Vocabulary

The following is a sample vocabulary:^[5]

aku (plural: akux) - grandfather
aḍra (plural: aḍraŋ) - cattle
igaro - eleven
uṭ - to feed liquid
ugeri (plural: ugeriŋ) - cooked rice
kat - to cut
kaṭ - to chew
ta:ŋg - to walk
beḍe - big
vendu:l (plural: vendu:liŋ) - tongue

References

^ ^a ^b Manda at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Moseley, Christopher; Nicolas, Alexander, eds. (2010). Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (PDF) (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Archived from the original on 23 July 2022.
^ B., Ramakrishna Reddy (2009). Manda oral literature. Central Institute of Indian Languages. OCLC 926844057.
^ B., Ramakrishna Reddy (2009). Manda-English Dictionary. Central Institute of Indian Languages. ISBN 8173421854.
^ B., Ramakrishna Reddy (2009). Manda-English Dictionary. Central Institute of Indian Languages. ISBN 8173421854.