Magnus Gustav von Essen[1] (Russian: Иван Николаевич Эссен; Ivan Nikolaevich Essen; 30 September [O.S. 19] 1759 – 20 July [O.S. 8] 1813) was a Baltic German lieutenant general and military governor of Riga at the start of the Patriotic War of 1812.
From the Essen family in Estonia, from 1783 to 1785 he fought in Poland, where he was seriously injured. He fought in the Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790) as well as Russia's 1792 and 1794 Polish campaigns. For his service at the Battle of Maciejowice he was awarded the 4th degree of the Order of St George.
In 1799 he commanded the first division in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland under the command of general Johann Hermann von Fersen. From 1802 he was the military governor of Smolensk. He then fought in the 1807 war against Napoleon, being seriously wounded at Friedland.
During the Patriotic War of 1812 he served as Military Governor of Riga in place of Dimitri Lobanov-Rostovsky and was forced to set fire to Riga's suburbs as soon as the enemy captured their outermost edge. After unsuccessful attempts to stop the Prussians at a distance from the city and unsuccessfully fighting to save Iecava, he ordered the burning of the suburbs but because of a strong wind the fire got out of control and thousands of city residents were left homeless.[2]
Towards autumn the war changed direction. The Prussian corps became overextended, Macdonald remained inactive, a Russian successes was won by Peter Wittgenstein at Polotsk, Napoleon began a general retreat and Fabian Steinheil arrived in Riga - all these circumstances brought Essen to the top of the pile, but due to mismanagement the Russians were unable to capitalise on these victories and suffered heavy losses in several battles. In October Essen was replaced in his post by General Paulucci and filed his resignation.
Essen then went for a long course of treatment at the Baldone sulphur baths near Riga, where he drowned on 23 August 1813 while swimming. According to one version of events, he committed suicide on the anniversary of the firing of the Riga suburbs.[3][4][5]
His father was Claus Gustav von Essen, a statesman, and his mother was Magdalena Elisabeth von Stackelberg. Essen married Margaretha von Stackelberg in 1796, they had a daughter, Elisabeth Anna Dorothea, who was married to the Russian general Carl Magnus von der Pahlen (ru).
He is portrayed in The Commodore, novel of the Horatio Hornblower series.
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此條目没有列出任何参考或来源。 (2022年12月8日)維基百科所有的內容都應該可供查證。请协助補充可靠来源以改善这篇条目。无法查证的內容可能會因為異議提出而被移除。 大耳窿The Loan Shark《大耳窿》原裝馬來西亞版電影海報基本资料导演何志良监制钟桂安李英强编剧胡秀滢林鹛镁何志良剧本欧国辉张子深主演李璨琛张兆辉吴俐璇温碧霞林 雪配乐管启源摄影萧明才胡而武…
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Building in Toronto For the highrise office building in Edmonton, see Manulife Place. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this article. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Manulife Centre – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Manulife CentreGeneral informa…
1996 Indian filmAlexanderPosterDirected byKeyaarScreenplay byKeyaarStory byPanchu ArunachalamProduced byMeena Panchu ArunachalamStarringVijayakanthSangitaCinematographyRaja RajanEdited byB. LeninV. T. VijayanMusic byKarthik RajaProductioncompanyP. A. Art ProductionsRelease date 10 November 1996 (1996-11-10) Running time130 minutesCountryIndiaLanguageTamil Alexander is a 1996 Indian Tamil-language action film directed by Keyaar. The film stars Vijayakanth and Sangita. It was releas…
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