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Madison County
Madison County
County
	The Madison County Courthouse in Madisonville
	Location within the U.S. state of Texas
	Texas's location within the U.S.
	Coordinates: 30°58′N 95°56′W / 30.97°N 95.93°W
Country	United States
State	Texas
Founded	1854
Named for	James Madison
Seat	Madisonville
Largest city	Madisonville
Area
• Total	472 sq mi (1,220 km2)
• Land	466 sq mi (1,210 km2)
• Water	6.4 sq mi (17 km2) 1.3%
Population (2020)
• Total	13,455
• Density	29/sq mi (11/km2)
Time zone	UTC−6 (Central)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district	10th
Website	www.co.madison.tx.us

Madison County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 13,455.^[1] Its seat is Madisonville.^[2] The county was created in 1853 and organized the next year.^[3] It is named for James Madison, the fourth President of the United States.^[4] In 1852, Hillary Mercer Crabb was elected to serve the unexpired term of State Representative F. L. Hatch. Among Crabb's accomplishments as a legislator was the introduction of a bill to create Madison County.

History

The current Madison County Courthouse was built in 1970. It is at least the fifth courthouse to serve Madison County.^[5] Hillary Mercer Crabb also served as a justice of the peace and chief justice (county judge). In 1852 he was elected to serve the unexpired term of State Representative F. L. Hatch. Among Crabb's accomplishments as a legislator was the introduction of a bill to create Madison County.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 472 square miles (1,220 km²), of which 466 square miles (1,210 km²) are land and 6.4 square miles (17 km²) (1.3%) are covered by water.^[6]

The county has three natural borders; its eastern boundary is defined by the Trinity River, its western boundary is defined by the Navasota River, and the portion of its southern border adjacent to Walker County is defined by Bedias Creek.^[7]

Major highways

Notes

Loop 1853 will be a relief route for SH 21.

Adjacent counties

Leon County (north)
Houston County (northeast)
Walker County (southeast)
Grimes County (south)
Brazos County (west)

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	%±
1860	2,238	—
1870	4,061	81.5%
1880	5,395	32.8%
1890	8,512	57.8%
1900	10,432	22.6%
1910	10,318	−1.1%
1920	11,956	15.9%
1930	12,227	2.3%
1940	12,029	−1.6%
1950	7,996	−33.5%
1960	6,749	−15.6%
1970	7,693	14.0%
1980	10,649	38.4%
1990	10,931	2.6%
2000	12,940	18.4%
2010	13,664	5.6%
2020	13,455	−1.5%
U.S. Decennial Census^[8] 1850–2010^[9] 2010^[10] 2020^[11]

**Madison County, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition**
*Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.*
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)	Pop 2000^[12]	Pop 2010^[10]	Pop 2020^[11]	% 2000	% 2010	% 2020
White alone (NH)	7,801	8,030	6,984	60.29%	58.77%	51.91%
Black or African American alone (NH)	2,915	2,687	2,587	22.53%	19.66%	19.23%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)	30	32	48	0.23%	0.23%	0.36%
Asian alone (NH)	50	77	101	0.39%	0.56%	0.75%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)	3	1	0	0.02%	0.01%	0.00%
Other Race alone (NH)	5	4	11	0.04%	0.03%	0.08%
Mixed Race or Multiracial (NH)	94	145	309	0.73%	1.06%	2.30%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)	2,042	2,688	3,415	15.78%	19.67%	25.38%
Total	12,940	13,664	13,455	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

As of the census^[13] of 2000, 12,940 people, 3,914 households, and 2,837 families were residing in the county. The population density was 28 people per square mile (11 people/km²). The 4,797 housing units average density 10/sq mi (3.9/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 66.79% White, 22.87% African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 7.93% from other races, and 1.72% from two or more races. About 15.78% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of the 3,914 households, 31.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.10% were married couples living together, 11.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.50% were not families. About 24.50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57, and the average family size was 3.05.

In the county, the age distribution was 21.10% under 18, 13.00% from 18 to 24, 31.90% from 25 to 44, 20.00% from 45 to 64, and 14.00% who were 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 142.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 155.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $29,418, and for a family was $35,779. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $19,777 for females. The per capita income for the county was $14,056. About 12.30% of families and 15.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.00% of those under age 18 and 16.30% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure

The Ferguson Unit, a Texas Department of Criminal Justice prison for men, is located in an unincorporated area in the county.^[14]

Politics

United States presidential election results for Madison County, Texas^[15]
Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
Year	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2024	4,498	81.95%	964	17.56%	27	0.49%
2020	4,169	78.69%	1,088	20.54%	41	0.77%
2016	3,351	78.13%	881	20.54%	57	1.33%
2012	3,028	75.17%	967	24.01%	33	0.82%
2008	2,891	70.96%	1,146	28.13%	37	0.91%
2004	2,837	69.18%	1,235	30.11%	29	0.71%
2000	2,333	64.39%	1,241	34.25%	49	1.35%
1996	1,576	47.03%	1,470	43.87%	305	9.10%
1992	1,544	39.76%	1,553	39.99%	786	20.24%
1988	1,896	50.60%	1,835	48.97%	16	0.43%
1984	2,158	60.74%	1,384	38.95%	11	0.31%
1980	1,389	46.02%	1,583	52.45%	46	1.52%
1976	1,062	35.87%	1,885	63.66%	14	0.47%
1972	1,540	73.30%	561	26.70%	0	0.00%
1968	608	25.69%	994	41.99%	765	32.32%
1964	644	33.11%	1,298	66.74%	3	0.15%
1960	607	39.11%	909	58.57%	36	2.32%
1956	733	50.27%	713	48.90%	12	0.82%
1952	692	37.53%	1,152	62.47%	0	0.00%
1948	134	11.82%	801	70.63%	199	17.55%
1944	65	4.97%	1,115	85.31%	127	9.72%
1940	127	8.14%	1,434	91.86%	0	0.00%
1936	45	3.84%	1,127	96.16%	0	0.00%
1932	20	1.47%	1,344	98.53%	0	0.00%
1928	364	44.61%	452	55.39%	0	0.00%
1924	146	8.38%	1,592	91.34%	5	0.29%
1920	63	5.60%	650	57.73%	413	36.68%
1916	120	13.38%	730	81.38%	47	5.24%
1912	37	7.55%	379	77.35%	74	15.10%