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Ma Yanhong
Ma Yanhong
Full name	Ma Yanhong
Born	March 21, 1964 (age 60) or; July 5, 1963 (age 61) (disputed); Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Gymnastics career
Discipline	Women's artistic gymnastics
Country represented	China
Years on national team	1978–84 (CHN)
Level	Senior International
Gym	Shichahai Sports School for Amateurs
Eponymous skills	Ma I dismount (uneven bars) Ma II dismount (uneven bars)
Women's artistic gymnastics
Representing China
Olympic Games
World Championships
Asian Games

Ma Yanhong (simplified Chinese: 马燕红; traditional Chinese: 馬燕紅; pinyin: Mǎ Yànhóng; born March 21, 1964, in Beijing, China) (also reported in some media as July 5, 1963)^[1] is a retired Chinese Olympic athlete. She was the first Chinese gymnast, male or female, to win a gold medal at the World Gymnastics Championships and the Olympic Games.^[2]

Biography

Ma began gymnastics at the Shichahai Sports School for Amateurs in her hometown of Beijing.^[1] The age at which she started training has been variously reported as six, eight and nine.^[1]^[3]^[4]

In 1978, her first year with the Chinese national team, Ma made her international debut at the Asian Games, where she shared in the team gold medal and won the uneven bars title. She repeated her success at the 1978 Shanghai Cup, again winning team and bars titles. Ma was a member of the 1979, 1981 and 1983 World Championships teams; she was the Chinese National Champion in 1982. At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics uneven bars final, Ma was suffered from Appendicitis, though in great pain she insisted on finishing the competition. Finally Ma tied with American Julianne McNamara to win the gold medal on bars in that competition ^[4] and both of them scored a perfect 10.0 in the final. This is the first Olympic gold medal ever for China in women's gymnastics.

Ma's best event was unquestionably the uneven bars; she placed first on this apparatus at the age of fifteen at the 1979 World Championships. Her bars routines were noted for their technical difficulty, virtuosity and originality. The dismount she pioneered, a hecht-front salto-full now known as the Ma, is valued as an "F," the second highest difficulty rating possible, in the current Code of Points.^[3] Ma was not only a bars specialist, however: she placed fourth in the all-around at the 1981 World Championships, sixth all-around at the 1984 Olympics, and often won silver or bronze medals on the floor exercise and balance beam in international meets.^[4]

After retiring from gymnastics, Ma pursued a University education and spent some time in the UK and the United States, coaching at clubs in California. She returned to China in 1994 and is now involved in business. She also owns a Japanese restaurant in Beijing and has worked as a commentator for various gymnastics competitions, including the 1999 World Championships in Tianjin.^[3] She is inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2008, and became the first Chinese women inductee of the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame. ^[5]

Eponymous skill

Ma has one eponymous skill listed in the Code of Points.^[6]

Apparatus	Name	Description	Difficulty^[a]
Uneven bars	Ma	Hip circle backward on low bar or high bar - hecht with 1/1 turn (360°) to salto backward	F

^ Valid for the 2022-2024 Code of Points

Competitive history

Year	Event	Team	AA	VT	UB	BB	FX
1978
	Asian Games
	Shanghai International
1979
1979	World Championships	4
1980	USGF International Invitational		6
1981	TBS Cup
	USA-CHN Dual Meet
	World Championships		4				5
1982	Chinese Championships
	USGF International Invitational		6			4
	World Cup Final		4	7	4	4	4
1983	Chinese Championships		6
	TBS Cup
	World Championships	5
1984	Beijing International
	Catania Cup		7
	USA-CHN Dual Meet
	Olympic Games		6			5	6