Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Ocheretnaya[1][a] (formerly Putina;[b]néeShkrebneva;[c] born 6 January 1958) is a Russian linguist who served as the First Lady of Russia from 2000 to 2008 and from 2012 to 2014 while married to her then-husband, the current president and former prime minister of Russia.
Early life and education
Lyudmila was born in Kaliningrad, as the daughter of Alexander (his patronym is reported variously as either Abramovich[2][3][4] or Avramovich) Shkrebnev and Yekaterina Tikhonovna Shkrebneva. Her father worked at Kaliningrad Mechanical Plant.
From 1990 to 1994, Lyudmila taught German at the Department of Philology of Leningrad State University. For a few years prior to Vladimir's appointment as Prime Minister of Russia in August 1999, she was a Moscow representative of the company Telecominvest from 1998 to 1999 where she, as the only employee in the Moscow office, answered phone calls and organized meetings.[10][11][12][d]
First Lady
Lyudmila with Vladimir Putin after his inauguration on 7 May 2000US President George W. Bush and Lyudmila at an official dinner in honour of the heads of state and their spouses, who arrived in St. Petersburg to mark the city's 300th anniversary in 2003
After Vladimir's rise to political power, Lyudmila maintained a low profile on the Russian political stage, generally avoiding the limelight except as required by protocol and restricting her public role to supportive statements about her husband.[16][17]
As First Lady, Lyudmila Putina was a curator of a fund that aimed to develop the Russian language and sometimes produced statements concerning Russian language and education. Her preference for "maintaining and preserving"[18] the Russian language led her to make public statements against orthographic reform. The Russian Academy of Science sponsored a commission to study the orthography of the Russian language and propose changes. Their recommendations were made public in 2002 after eight years of work, but were subsequently rejected by Putina, who used Russia's burgeoning economy as one of her reasons why the orthographic reform was not just unnecessary but untimely. However, although one newspaper in Moscow alleged that "Lyudmila Putina de facto cancelled any attempts to reform spelling", the fact remains that public and academic reaction to the reforms was sufficiently negative to have that particular reform attempt abandoned.[19]
Divorce and remarriage
On 6 June 2013, she and Putin publicly announced the termination of their marriage based on a mutual decision.[20] The divorce announcement was made on camera for the Russian news media at the State Kremlin Palace during the intermission of a performance by the Kremlin Ballet, ending years of speculation about their relationship. In April 2014, the Kremlin confirmed that their divorce had been finalized.[21][22]
In January 2016, a number of media outlets reported that Lyudmila married Artur Ocheretny in early 2015.[23][24][25] In documents on the ownership of her former St. Petersburg apartment, she was referred to as Lyudmila Aleksandrovna Ocheretnaya.[26][27]
Property and business
According to Reuters, Lyudmila helped create and supports the foundation called the Centre for the Development of Inter-personal Communications (CDIC) which generates millions of dollars.[28] The CDIC's offices are located in the center of Moscow, on Vozdvizhenka Street in the building previously known as Volkonsky House, which is its own property. The building, which once belonged to Leo Tolstoy's grandfather,[29] was listed in Russian cultural heritage register but was completely rebuilt in 2013, raising its height from two stories to four, despite numerous objections and protests by Moscow citizens including an unanswered appeal to Vladimir Putin signed by 200 famous science and cultural persons of the city.
The building is mainly occupied by commercial tenants, including VTB Bank, Sberbank, a construction company called Severstroygroup, a sushi restaurant, and a Burger King. Total rent from the building is about $3–4 million.[28]
Tenants pay their rent to a company known as Meridian, which is in turn owned by a company known as Intererservis, which is wholly owned by Lyudmila. Her sister, Olga Alexandrovna Tsomayeva, was previously General Director of Intererservis. Artur Ocheretny, Lyudmila's second husband, chairs the CDIC's management board.[28]
^After Telecominvest was founded in 1994, Leonid Reiman was vice president of Telecominvest and two weeks after Vladimir Putin became prime minister in August 1999, Reiman became secretary of state - first deputy chairman of the Russian Federation state committee for telecommunications (Russian: статс-секретарем – первым заместителем председателя Госкомитета РФ по телекоммуникациям) and a few months later Reiman was minister. In 2004, both Jeffrey Galmond and Anthony Georgiou stated that the 51% stake held since 1995 by the Luxembourg registered firm First National Holding which was established through Commerzbank was beneficial to Reiman through the 1997 founded Liechtenstein firm Fiduciare Commerce Trust. In February 2000, the Swedish firm Telia obtained a 30% stake in First National Holding from Commerzbank.[13][14][15]
^"Особая папка" Владимира Путина: итоги первого президентского срока и отношения с крупными собственниками', 'Алексей Мухин
Центр политической информации, 2004, p.22
^Участники президентской кампании, Алексей Мухин
Центр, (политической информации, 2004), p. 12
^Взлет и падение государства российского, Борис Николаевич Красильников, (Макс-Принт, 2003), p.572
^Hassel, Florian (26 July 2005). ""Телекоминвест" загадывает загадки" [Telecominvest makes riddles]. Inopressa.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 7 September 2006. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
^Jenkins, Patrick; Ostrovsky, Arkady (30 July 2005). "Commerzbank пошатнулся после тяжелого удара" [Commerzbank staggered after heavy hitting]. Inopressa.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2005. Retrieved 3 July 2021.
^Roldugin, Oleg (19 January 2016). "Людмила уже не Путина" [Lyudmila is no longer Putina]. Sobesednik (in Russian). Archived from the original on 25 January 2016. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
