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Lizard Point
Cornish: *an Lysardh*
Lizard Point Cornish: an Lysardh;
	Southernmost part of Lizard Point
	Lizard Point Location within Cornwall
OS grid reference	SW695115
Unitary authority	Cornwall;
Ceremonial county	Cornwall;
Region	South West;
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	HELSTON
Postcode district	TR12
Police	Devon and Cornwall
Fire	Cornwall
Ambulance	South Western
	List of places UK England Cornwall 49°57′33″N 5°12′23″W / 49.9591°N 5.2065°W

Lizard Point (from Cornish an Lysardh 'the high court') in Cornwall is at the southern tip of the Lizard Peninsula. It is situated half-a-mile (800 m) south of Lizard village in the civil parish of Landewednack and about 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Helston.^[1]

Lizard Point is the most southerly point on mainland Great Britain at 49° 57' 30" N.^[2] With the exception of parts of the Isles of Scilly, it is the southernmost part of England and the wider United Kingdom.

History and geography

Lizard Point is for many ships the starting point of their ocean passage and a well known shipping hazard. The Lizard Lighthouse is situated at Lizard Point. Immediately below the lighthouse, situated in what used to be a hotel, is the YHA Lizard Youth Hostel. Lizard Point is situated within Caerthillian to Kennack SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest), noted for its biological and geological interest.^[3] Polpeor Cove is a small cove to the east of Lizard Point.^[4]

The area is famous for its carved serpentine items,^[5] which range from ornaments to the pump handles in the Five Pilchards public house, in Porthallow. The geology of Lizard is of particular interest, being interpreted as an ophiolite, a piece of ocean floor, with a number of planned walks available from local tourist authorities to discover more about the local rocks.

The first sighting of the Spanish Armada on mainland Britain was off Lizard Point at 3 pm on 29 July 1588.^[6]^[7]

The Battle at the Lizard, between the English and the French navies during the War of the Spanish Succession, took place off The Lizard on 21 October 1707.^[8]^[9]

Sinking of Ardgarry

The 1,074 gross ton bulk coaster carrier MV Ardgarry (1957) was lost in a heavy storm, in over 30 ft (9m) high waves, off Lizard Point on 29 December 1962. All 12 crewmen perished and were never found.^[10] She was built by James Lamont & Co at the Port Glasgow shipyard.^[11]^[12] The Ardgarry was carrying coal from Swansea and headed to Rouen in France. Six of the crew were from Northern Ireland, five from Scotland, and one from Donegal in the Republic of Ireland.^[13] Found again in 2006, the ship's bell was recovered, and a memorial service was held by family members in August 2008.^[14]

Bugaled Breizh sinking

On 15 January 2004 the French fishing trawler Bugaled Breizh (child of Brittany) sank off Lizard Point with the loss of five lives. There were claims at the time by French marine accident experts that the vessel may have been pulled under when her nets became entangled in a British or Dutch submarine which was conducting NATO exercises in the area at the time.^[15]

Lifeboat service

The Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) operates The Lizard lifeboat station at Kilcobben Cove,^[16]^[17] two miles (3 km) northeast of Lizard Point. A Tyne class lifeboat is housed in a large boathouse at the base of the cliff. The station features a funicular line to transport lifeboat crews from the boathouse to the clifftop station car park.

The biggest rescue in the RNLI's history was 17 March 1907 when the 12,000 tonne liner SS Suevic hit the Maenheere Reef near Lizard Point. In a strong gale and dense fog RNLI lifeboat volunteers rescued 456 passengers, including seventy babies. Crews from The Lizard, Cadgwith, Coverack and Porthleven rowed out repeatedly for sixteen hours to rescue all of the people on board. Six silver RNLI medals were later awarded, two to Suevic crew members.^[18]

References

^ Ordnance Survey, Great Britain (February 2009), "Ordnance Survey: Landranger map sheet 203", Land's End, ISBN 978-0-319-23148-7
^ Chambers's Encyclopædia of Universal Knowledge. W & R Chambers Ltd. 1860. p. 62.
^ "Caerthillian to Kennack" (PDF). Natural England. 1993. Retrieved 18 November 2011.
^ Ordnance Survey Landranger Series of Great Britain; Land's End, The Lizard & The Isles of Scilly, sheet 203. 1983
^ Dickens, Charles (9 September 1854). "Cornish Stone". Household Words: A Weekly Journal. 10 (233): 96.
^ Lovett, A. W. (1986). Early Habsburg Spain, 1517–1598. Oxford University Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-19-822139-5.
^ Fry, Plantagenet Somerset (1990). The Kings & Queens of England & Scotland. Grove Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-8021-1386-3.
^ Stewart, William (2009). Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary, 1500 to the Present. McFarland. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-7864-3809-9.
^ Grant, R. G. (2011). Battle at Sea: 3,000 Years of Naval Warfare. New York City: Penguin. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-7566-5701-7.
^ "5 Saved in Ship Fire: 2 Vessels Missing with 22", Chicago Tribune, p. 1, 5 January 1963
^ mv ARDGARRY, Clydeships.co.uk
^ Lloyd's register of shipping: Register book. Register of ships, Volume 2, 1958, p. 71
^ "A voyage of discovery: Belfast brothers in quest to trace relatives of shipmates who perished with their dead", Belfast Telegraph, 6 January 2008
^ Family memorial to lost sailors, BBC News, 10 August 2008
^ French trawler Bugaled Breizh 'was sunk by sub', BBC News, 24 March 2005
^ "Lifeboat Station : The Lizard". RNLI.org.uk. Royal National Lifeboat Institution. Archived from the original on 3 December 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
^ "The story of our station". The Lizard Lifeboat. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
^ Biggest RNLI rescue is remembered, BBC News, 11 March 2007