List of shipwrecks in April 1873
The list of shipwrecks in April 1873 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during April 1873 .
1 April
List of shipwrecks: 1 April 1873
Ship
State
Description
Atlantic
United Kingdom
The wreck of Atlantic . The ocean liner hit an underwater rock off Marr's Head, Meagher's Island (now Mars Head, Mars Island), Nova Scotia , Canada , and sank with the loss of between 535 and 560 lives. There were 371 survivors. She was on a voyage from Liverpool , Lancashire to New York , United States.
Queen of the Belgians
United Kingdom
The steamship was driven ashore at Littlestone , Kent . She was on a voyage from Folkestone , Kent to Boulogne , Pas-de-Calais , France.[ 1] She was refloated on 10 April and taken in to Folkestone.[ 2]
2 April
List of shipwrecks: 2 April 1873
Ship
State
Description
Abbie Perkins
United States
The schooner exploded off Start Point, Devon and was destroyed by fire. Her five crew were rescued by the schooner Challenger ( United Kingdom ). Abbie Perkins was on a voyage from New York to London , United Kingdom .[ 3] [ 4]
Cecile
United States
The ship was driven ashore and wrecked on Cuttyhunk Island , Massachusetts . She was on a voyage from Demerara , British Guiana to Boston, Massachusetts .[ 5]
Corinda Adema
France
The ship foundered off Saint-Armel, Morbihan . She was on a voyage from "Borneuf" to Saint-Armel.[ 3]
Holmside , andRaithwaite Hall
United Kingdom
The steamships collided in the River Tyne and were both severely damaged. Holmside was on a voyage from South Shields , County Durham to London . She put back to South Shields. Raithwaite Hall was on a voyage from Antwerp , Belgium to South Shields. She was taken in to North Shields , Northumberland for repairs.[ 6]
3 April
4 April
List of shipwrecks: 4 April 1873
Ship
State
Description
Annie Mills
United Kingdom
The schooner ran aground on the North Tail Ridge, in the Bristol Channel off the coast of Devon and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued by the Appledore Lifeboat. She was on a voyage from Liverpool , Lancashire to Appledore , Devon.[ 12]
Bismarck
Italy
The ship struck a floating wreck and sprang a leak. She sank off Sal , Cape Verde Islands on 7 April. Her crew were rescued by the steamship Po (Flag unknown). Bismack was on a voyage from London , United Kingdom to Algoa Bay .[ 13] [ 14] [ 15]
Cedar
Germany
The ship ran aground on the Polish Bank, in the River Plate . She was on a voyage from Bremen to Buenos Aires , Argentina.[ 16]
Dunorlan
United Kingdom
The barque was driven ashore and wrecked at Agger , Denmark. She was on a voyage from Grimsby , Lincolnshire to Brevik, Norway .[ 10]
Express
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground on the North Tail Ridge and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued by the Appledore Lifeboat.[ 12]
Mary Ann
United Kingdom
The schooner ran aground on the North Tail Ridge and sank. Her crew were rescued by the Appledore Lifeboat.[ 12]
Norman
United Kingdom
The ship was wrecked at José Ignacio, Uruguay with the loss of nine of her crew. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Montevideo , Uruguay.[ 16]
Stag
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground on the English Bank, in the River Plate. She was on a voyage from Newport, Monmouthshire to a port in Uruguay.[ 16]
5 April
List of shipwrecks: 5 April 1873
Ship
State
Description
Ægean
United Kingdom
The steamship ran aground on the Brouwers Reef, in the Java Sea . She was on a voyage from Kobe , Japan to Batavia , Netherlands East Indies . She was refloated on 6 March and resumed her voyage.[ 17]
Feronia
United Kingdom
The ship caught fire at Fowey , Cornwall and was scuttled.[ 10]
Foundling
United Kingdom
The schooner collided with the steamship Earl of Durham ( United Kingdom ) and sank in the River Thames at Gravesend, Kent . All on board survived.[ 10]
James Hull
United States
The brig was driven ashore and wrecked at Cape Henlopen , Delaware . Her crew were rescued.[ 10]
Jean Auguste
France
The schooner collided with the brig Countess ( United Kingdom and foundered in the North Sea 8 nautical miles (15 km) north by west of the Dudgeon Lightship ( Trinity House ). Her crew were rescued. Jean Auguste was on a voyage from Ouistreham , Pas-de-Calais to Leith , Lothian , United Kingdom .[ 18]
Rose
United Kingdom
The smack was driven ashore and wrecked at Ryde , Isle of Wight . She was on a voyage from Rouen , Seine-Inférieure , France to Southampton , Hampshire .[ 10]
Stella
United Kingdom
The yacht collided with a sloop in the River Thames and capsized with the loss of one of the two people on board.[ 19] [ 20]
Troubador
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore at Beaufort, United States. She was on a voyage from Santo Domingo Tonalá , Mexico to Queenstown, County Cork .[ 10]
6 April
7 April
List of shipwrecks: 7 April 1873
Ship
State
Description
Camana
United Kingdom
The full-rigged ship ran ashore at Clachland Point, Isle of Arran . She was on a voyage from Glasgow , Renfrewshire to San Francisco, California , United States.[ 10] She was refloated with assistance from the tug Flying Squall ( United Kingdom ) and resumed her voyage.[ 22] [ 23]
Fidelia
United Kingdom
The steamship was wrecked at Cape Recife , Cape Colony . She was on a voyage from Mossel Bay to Port Elizabeth , Cape Colony.[ 24] [ 25]
India
United Kingdom
The steamship ran aground in the Clyde downstream of Dumbarton . She was on a voyage from Greenock , Renfrewshire to New York , United States. She was refloated the next day.[ 18]
Rose
United Kingdom
The steamship ran aground at Kertch , Russia . She was on a voyage from Hull , Yorkshire to Kertch.[ 18]
Thorwaldsen
Germany
The steamship ran aground and was wrecked on the Hollands-Vaderöe, off the coast of Sweden.[ 26]
8 April
9 April
12 April
List of shipwrecks: 12 April 1873
Ship
State
Description
Batavier
Netherlands
The paddle steamer ran aground on the Red Sand, in the Thames Estuary . She was on a voyage from Rotterdam South Holland to London , United Kingdom . She was refloated and taken in to Gravesend, Kent , United Kingdom.[ 2]
Dunkeld
United Kingdom
The ship was wrecked at Saugor , India . Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Calcutta , India to Havre de Grâce , Seine-Inférieure , France.[ 33] [ 2]
Fiona
United Kingdom
The steamship suffered an onboard explosion and fire at Skomer , Pembrokeshire and sank at the stern. She was on a voyage from Liverpool , Lancashire to Newport, Monmouthshire .[ 2] Fiona was refloated on 24 April and beached at Milford Haven .[ 34]
Hakel Adelstein
Norway
The barque was driven ashore and wrecked at Hook of Holland , South Holland. Her crew were rescued.[ 2]
Hjorring Ruhma
Germany
The schooner was driven ashore at "Kjobstad ". She was on a voyage from Goole , Yorkshire , United Kingdom.[ 2] She was later refloated and resumed her voyage.[ 29]
Lourche
France
The ship ran aground and was wrecked at Saint-Louis, Senegal . She was on a voyage from Bordeaux , Gironde to Saint-Louis.[ 35]
Macedone
United Kingdom
The steamship collided with the barque Solertia ( Norway ) and sank at Rotterdam.[ 33] [ 2]
Olive
United Kingdom
The barque was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean. Her sixteen crew were rescued by George Hurlbut ( United States ).[ 36]
Soli Deo Gloria
Germany
The ship was driven ashore on Saltholm , Denmark.[ 2]
13 April
List of shipwrecks: 13 April 1873
Ship
State
Description
Aurora
Italy
The ship collided with the steamship Morocco (Flag unknown) and sank at Venice . Aurora was on a voyage from "Scarpa" to Venice.[ 37]
15 April
16 April
17 April
List of shipwrecks: 17 April 1873
Ship
State
Description
Juanita
Mexico
The schooner was wrecked near "Santecomapan". She was on a voyage from San Juan Bautista de Tabasco to Vera Cruz .[ 43]
18 April
19 April
20 April
21 April
22 April
23 April
List of shipwrecks: 23 April 1873
Ship
State
Description
Bacciccia
Italy
The barque was driven ashore on Governor's Island , New York City , United States. She was on a voyage from Agrigento , Sicily to New York City. Bacciccia was refloated and taken in to Brooklyn , where she was drydocked .[ 46] [ 56]
Harmanna
Netherlands
The schooner struck a rock off Alderney , Channel Islands and was abandoned. All eight people on board were rescued by the cutter Favourite ( ). Harmana was on a voyage from Bari , Italy to Saint Petersburg , Russia.[ 57] [ 34]
M. A. Herrers
France
The ship was driven ashore at Cape Henry , Virginia , United States.[ 46]
Nebula
United Kingdom
The barque ran aground at Port Eynon Point , Glamorgan and was severely damaged. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Antwerp , Belgium to Cardiff , Glamonrgan. Nebula was refloated the next day and taken in to Swansea , Glamorgan. She was repaired and returned to service.[ 58] [ 46]
24 April
25 April
26 April
27 April
28 April
29 April
List of shipwrecks: 29 April 1873
Ship
State
Description
Emmanuel
France
The ship was wrecked on the Horse Bank, in the Irish Sea off the coast of Lancashire , United Kingdom . Her crew were rescued by the Lytham Lifeboat. She was on a voyage from Preston, Lancashire to Rochefort, Charente-Inférieure .[ 16] [ 68]
Maracaibo
United Kingdom
The steamship capsized in the Clyde .[ 50] She was righted on 1 May and taken in to Port Glasgow , Renfrewshire .[ 16]
Margaret
United Kingdom
The schooner ran aground on the Corton Sands, in the North Sea off the coast of Suffolk . She was on a voyage from Dartmouth, Devon to Grimsby , Lincolnshire . She was refloated with the assistance of a tug and taken in tow for Great Yarmouth , Norfolk but consequently sank.[ 69] [ 48]
Medallion
United Kingdom
The barque ran aground on the Kerken Banks, in the Mediterranean Sea 50 nautical miles (93 km) from Sfax , Beylik of Tunis . She was on a voyage from Tripoli , Vilayet of Tripolitania to Newcastle upon Tyne , Northumberland .[ 48]
Plato
United Kingdom
The barque was wrecked on a reef off New Caledonia . Her crew survived the wreck, and reached Malaita , Solomon Islands in a boat. They were attacked by the local inhabitants and all but one of the crew were murdered. The survivor was rescued two months later by HMS Renard ( Royal Navy ). Plato was on a voyage from Newcastle, New South Wales to Hong Kong .[ 70]
Sisters
United Kingdom
The schooner foundered off Padstow , Cornwall . Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Newport, Monmouthshire to Newquay , Cornwall.[ 50]
Tri-Adelphoi
Greece
The ship struck the breakwater and sank at Kertch , Russia . She was on a voyage from Messina , Sicily , Italy to Taganrog , Russia.[ 71]
Unknown date
List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in April 1873
Ship
State
Description
Alpha
United States
The brig was driven ashore at the mouth of the Chesapeake River . She was on a voyage from Baltimore, Maryland to Puerto Rico. She was later refloated and towed in to Baltimore.[ 30] [ 56]
Ann and Mary
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore at "Penmaen Point". Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Milford Haven to Abercastle , Pembrokeshire .[ 48]
Annie Grieve
Canada
The schooner was wrecked. She was on a voyage from Ponce, Puerto Rico to Baltimore, Maryland .[ 10]
Argo
New Zealand
The 32-ton schooner left Auckland for Whangārei with four crew on board, and was not seen again.[ 72]
Bella Cathrina , orEllen Catrina
United Kingdom
The ship was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean before 2 April.[ 24]
Blencathra
United Kingdom
The ship sprang a leak and was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Pensacola, Florida to Plymouth , Devon .[ 68]
Columbine
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore near Cahore , County Wexford . She was on a voyage from Dublin to Wexford . She was refloated and was towed in to Wexfored in a leaky condition.[ 8] [ 73]
Earl of Dufferin
United Kingdom
The steamship ran aground and sank off Oporto , Portugal. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Liverpool , Lancashire to Oporto.[ 31]
E. C. Redman
United States
The brig was wrecked on the Isle of Pines , Cuba .[ 34]
Expertus
United Kingdom
The brig was wrecked at Glades Scituate, Bermuda before 15 April. Her crew were rescued.[ 48]
Fidelite
Flag unknown
The ship was wrecked on the Hogsty Reef . Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from the Rio de la Hacha to Falmouth, Cornwall , United Kingdom .[ 30] [ 14]
Friends
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore on Öland , Sweden before 15 April. She was on a voyage from Newcastle upon Tyne to Stockholm , Sweden. She was refloated and completed her voyage.[ 74]
Glenalladale
United Kingdom
The ship was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean before 17 April. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada to Liverpool.[ 17]
Hamburg
Germany
The fishing smack collided with another vessel and was abandoned in the Dogger Bank before 19 April. She was subsequently discovered by the fishing smack Swanwick ( United Kingdom ) and taken in to Grimsby , Lincolnshire .[ 54]
Harmingja
United States
The ship caught fire and was abandoned at sea before 15 April. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from New Orleans, Louisiana , United States to Reval , Russia .[ 39] [ 75]
Henriette
France
The ship struck rocks off Flores Island , Azores , whilst on a voyage from Bordeaux , Gironde to Montevideo , Uruguay. She completed her voyage in a leaky condition.[ 41]
Henry
United Kingdom
The ship was driven ashore at Blakeney, Norfolk .[ 73]
Hopeful
United Kingdom
The ship foundered off the coast of Finistère , France.[ 2]
Juanita
Mexico
The ship was wrecked on the Anegadilla, off Vera Cruz before 6 April. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Vera Cruz.[ 39] [ 76]
Kiang Loong
China
The steamship ran aground and broke her back before 11 April.[ 67]
Marie Claire
United Kingdom
The schooner was driven ashore at Garrucha , Spain.[ 8]
Phoenix
France
The ship was driven ashore. She was on a voyage from "Touricareah" to Marseille , Bouches-du-Rhône . She was refloated and taken in to a port in Sierra Leone, where she arrived on 1 May. Subsequently repaired and returned to service.[ 77]
Rachel Blackwood
United Kingdom
The ship was damaged by fire at Demerara , British Guiana .[ 50]
Reichstag
Germany
The ship was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean before 4 April. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Santos , Brazil to Falmouth.[ 9]
Reyna de los Cieles
Spain
The ship was destroyed by fire at "Cabezuela", near Cádiz .[ 50]
Ruby
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground at Duncannon , County Wexford . She was refloated and resumed her voyage.[ 8]
Snow Queen
United Kingdom
The ship ran aground in the Delaware River . She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , United States.[ 17]
Southampton
United Kingdom
The full-rigged ship was destroyed by fire 250 nautical miles (460 km) off Cape Hatteras , North Carolina , United States. Her seventeen crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from New Orleans to Reval.[ 59]
Storm King
United States
The ship foundered. She was on a voyage from Pensacola, Florida to Liverpool.[ 34]
Unico N.
Ottoman Empire
The ship was wrecked near Antioch . She was on a voyage from Alexandria , Egypt to Mersin .[ 38]
Vesper
United Kingdom
The fishing vessel foundered off Ameland , Friesland , Netherlands.[ 33]
References
^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27653. London. 2 April 1873. col F, p. 11.
^ a b c d e f g h i "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7872. Liverpool. 14 April 1873.
^ a b "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27656. London. 5 April 1873. col D, p. 10.
^ "Disasters at Sea". The Times . No. 27656. London. 5 April 1873. col F, p. 10.
^ a b c "Shipping Intelligence". Glasgow Herald . No. 10378. Glasgow. 4 April 1873.
^ "Shipping". Northern Echo . No. 1012. Darlington. 3 April 1873.
^ "Foundering of a Vessel off Holyhead and Supposed Loss of the Crew". Bradford Observer . Vol. 40, no. 3204. Bradford. 4 April 1873. p. 2.
^ a b c d "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7865. Liverpool. 5 April 1873.
^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Glasgow Herald . No. 10381. Glasgow. 7 April 1873.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Shipping Intelligence". Daily News . No. 8408. London. 8 April 1873.
^ "Ipswich". Ipswich Journal . No. 7101. Ipswich. 8 April 1873.
^ a b c "Appledore". Trewman's Exeter Flying Post . No. 5654. Exeter. 9 April 1873.
^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". Daily News . No. 8432. London. 6 May 1873.
^ a b c "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7892. Liverpool. 7 May 1873.
^ "Exchequer Division". The Times . No. 29274. London. 6 June 1878. col C, p. 11.
^ a b c d e "Latest Shipping Intelligence". Daily News . No. 8430. London. 3 May 1873.
^ a b c d e "Shipping Intelligence". Glasgow Herald . No. 10392. Glasgow. 19 April 1873.
^ a b c "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27659. London. 9 April 1873. col F, p. 11.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Hull Packet . No. 4605. Hull. 11 April 1873.
^ "Home News". The Penny Independent Paper . Vol. XXIV, no. 604. London. 12 April 1873. p. 224.
^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27694. London. 20 May 1873. col C, p. 11.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Glasgow Herald . No. 10382. Glasgow. 8 April 1873.
^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Glasgow Herald . No. 10384. Glasgow. 10 April 1873.
^ a b "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27688. London. 13 May 1873. col E, p. 13.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27688. London. 13 May 1873. col F, p. 12.
^ "The Mails". The Times . No. 27658. London. 8 April 1873. col B, p. 12.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Daily News . No. 8410. London. 10 April 1873.
^ "A Wise Captain". The Times . No. 27684. London. 8 May 1873. col E, p. 6.
^ a b c d "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7883. Liverpool. 26 April 1873.
^ a b c d e f g h "Shipping Intelligence". Daily News . No. 8421. London. 23 April 1873.
^ a b "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27660. London. 10 April 1873. col E, p. 6.
^ "Local and District News". Hampshire Telegraph . No. 4242. Portsmouth. 12 April 1873.
^ a b c "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27665. London. 15 April 1873. col F, p. 9.
^ a b c d e f g "Shipping Intelligence". Daily News . No. 8424. London. 26 April 1873.
^ "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7903. Liverpool. 20 May 1873.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury . No. 8108. Liverpool. 14 January 1874.
^ "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7880. Liverpool. 23 April 1873.
^ a b c d "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7874. Liverpool. 16 April 1873.
^ a b c "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27666. London. 17 April 1873. col F, p. 11.
^ "Wreck of a Brigantine in the Frith of Clyde". Glasgow Herald . No. 10389. Glasgow. 16 April 1873.
^ a b "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7891. Liverpool. 6 May 1873.
^ "Royal National Lifeboat Institution". Morning Post . No. 31492. London. 6 June 1873. p. 6.
^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27698. London. 24 May 1873. col F, p. 11.
^ a b "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27669. London. 21 April 1873. col F, p. 13.
^ a b "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27673. London. 25 April 1873. col E, p. 12.
^ a b c d e "Shipping Intelligence". Daily News . No. 8423. London. 25 April 1873.
^ "Shipping Casualty". Huddersfield Chronicle . No. 1783. Huddersfield. 25 April 1873. p. 3.
^ a b c d e f g h i "Shipping Intelligence". Daily News . No. 8427. London. 30 April 1873.
^ "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7910. Liverpool. 28 May 1873.
^ a b c d e f g "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7886. Liverpool. 30 April 1873.
^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27691. London. 16 May 1873. col E, p. 12.
^ "A Barque Sunk by a French Man-of-War". The Standard . No. 15203. London. 21 April 1873. p. 6.
^ "Collision at Sea". Dundee Courier . No. 6157. Dundee. 22 April 1873.
^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Hull Packet . No. 4607. Hull. 25 April 1873.
^ "Schooner Ashore at Scotstown Head". Dundee Courier . No. 6157. Dundee. 22 April 1873.
^ a b "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7893. Liverpool. 8 May 1873.
^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Glasgow Herald . No. 10397. Glasgow. 25 April 1873.
^ Tovey, Ron. "A Chronology of Bristol Channel Shipwrecks" (PDF) . Swansea Docks. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 20 December 2014 .
^ a b c "Shipping Intelligence". Daily News . No. 8425. London. 28 April 1873.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Hull Packet . No. 4608. Hull. 2 May 1873.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Glasgow Herald . No. 10424. Glasgow. 27 May 1873.
^ "Loss of a Liverpool Ship". Dundee Courier . No. 6188. Dundee. 28 May 1873.
^ "Wreck of a Steamer on the Goodwin". The Standard . No. 15208. London. 28 April 1873. p. 6.
^ "Fearful Collision at Sea and Loss of Life". Bradford Observer . Vol. 40, no. 3243. Bradfore. 20 May 1873. p. 3.
^ "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7916. Liverpool. 4 June 1873.
^ a b "Latest Shipping Intelligence". The Times . No. 27707. London. 4 June 1873. col F, p. 7.
^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Glasgow Herald . No. 10401. Glasgow. 30 April 1873.
^ a b "Shipping Disasters". Lancaster Gazetter . No. 4488. Lancaster. 3 May 1873. p. 6.
^ "Press Association and Central News Telegrams". Aberdeen Journal . No. 6538. Aberdeen. 30 April 1873.
^ "Massacre of a Shipwrecked Crew by Savages". Liverpool Mercury . No. 8169. Liverpool. 26 March 1874.
^ "Latest Shipping Intelligence". Daily News . No. 8444. London. 20 May 1873.
^ Ingram & Wheatley, p. 185.
^ a b "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard . No. 15189. London. 5 April 1873. p. 6.
^ "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7881. Liverpool. 24 April 1873.
^ "Shipping Intelligence". Glasgow Herald . No. 10390. Glasgow. 17 April 1873.
^ "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7908. Liverpool. 26 May 1873.
^ "Shipping". Liverpool Mercury . No. 7919. Liverpool. 7 June 1873.
Bibliography
Ingram, C. W. N., and Wheatley, P. O., (1936) Shipwrecks: New Zealand disasters 1795–1936. Dunedin, NZ: Dunedin Book Publishing Association.
Shipwrecks 1870–79, by month
1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879