Within the Australian region, there have been a total of 134 tropical cyclone names retired. Among the retired storms are cyclones Gwenda and Inigo, two of the most intense systems ever recorded in the Southern Hemisphere; both attained a barometric pressure of 900 hPa (26.58 inHg). The deadliest cyclone to have its named retired was Cyclone Freddy in 2023, which killed 1,434 people across the Indian Ocean, while the most damaging system to have its name retired was Cyclone Gabrielle in 2023, which left A$12.6 billion (US$8.4 billion 2023 USD) in losses.
Within the region the credit for the first usage of personal names for weather systems, is generally given to the Queensland Government Meteorologist Clement Wragge, who named systems between 1887 and 1907.[5] Wragge used names drawn from the letters of the Greek alphabet, Greek and Roman mythology and female names, to describe weather systems including tropical cyclones over Australia, New Zealand and the Antarctic.[5] After the new Australian government had failed to create a federal weather bureau and appoint him director, Wragge started naming cyclones after political figures.[6] This system of naming weather systems subsequently fell into disuse for several years after Wragge retired, before the Australian Bureau of Meteorology started to use female names for tropical cyclones in the region during the 1963–64 cyclone season.[5]
During the International Women's Year of 1975 the Australian Science Minister ordered that tropical cyclones, within the Australian region, should carry both men's and women's names.[5] This was because the minister thought "that both sexes should bear the odium of the devastation caused by cyclones."[5] As a result, male names were added to the lists of names for both basins, ahead of the 1975–76 season.[5][7]
The practice of retiring significant names was started during 1955 by the United States Weather Bureau in the Northern Atlantic basin, after hurricanes Carol, Edna, and Hazel struck the Northeastern United States and caused a significant amount of damage in the previous year.[8] Initially the names were only designed to be retired for ten years after which they might be reintroduced, however, it was decided at the 1969 Interdepartmental hurricane conference, that any significant hurricane in the future would have its name permanently retired.[8][9] Several names have been removed from the Pacific naming lists for various other reasons than causing a significant amount of death/destruction, which include being pronounced in a very similar way to other names and political reasons.[10][11]
^Reference for the names retired between 1963 and 2020.[1]
^This damage total was originally reported in Australian Dollars and was converted to United States Dollars via the fxtop website.[32]
^Insurance claims in New Zealand associated with the remnants of Severe Tropical Cyclone Ita amounted to NZ$55.3 million.[103] According to the Oanda Corporations currency converter this amounts to US$47.9 million.[104]
^EM-DAT provides a damage estimate of US$24 million for Cyclone Ita's damage to the Solomon Islands.[83] According to the Oanda Corporations currency converter this amounts to around AU$25 million.[104]
^Landsea, Christopher W; Dorst, Neal M (1 June 2014). "Subject: Tropical Cyclone Names: B1) How are tropical cyclones named?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Question. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2014.
^"It's time (June) to match for Anna...". The Daily Gleaner. Kingston, Jamaica. Reuters. 1 June 1969. p. 2. – via The Newspaper Archive (subscription required)
^Landsea, Christopher W; Dorst, Neal (20 June 2014). "Subject: B3) What storm names have been retired?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Questions. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
^Tropical Cyclone Audrey (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
^"Tropical Cyclone Flora". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 8 October 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
^Tropical Cyclone Gertie (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
^Brisbane Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre; Darwin Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre. Tropical Cyclone Fiona (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
^Brisbane Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (31 July 1972). Report by Director of Meteorology on Cyclone Althea(PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. p. 27. Archived(PDF) from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
^Brisbane Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre. Tropical Cyclone Daisy (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
^"Oil Slick Spreads From Shipwreck". Sydney Morning Herald. 23 May 1988.
^Tropical Cyclone Ned(PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2014. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
^"Report on Severe Tropical Cyclone Aivu"(PDF). Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Brisbane. Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 1990. pp. 6–27. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
^Singh, Arveen K (Summer 1990). DeAngellis, Richard M (ed.). "Tropical depression in Coral Sea (former T.C. Felicity), 18 – 20 December 1989". Mariners Weather Log. 34 (3). United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Oceanographic Data Service: 48. hdl:2027/uiug.30112104094245.
^C. Thurlow (30 March 1990). "Cyclone Ivor Damage Likely to Reach $15M". QNP. Queensland, Australia: Courier-Mail. (Accessed through LexisNexis)
^"Death Toll Rises to Six, Losses In Hundreds of Millions". Rockhampton, Australia. Associated Press. 12 January 1991. (Accessed through LexisNexis)
^Greg Roberts (15 January 1991). "Town Prepares for Evacuation". Sydney Morning Herald. Brisbane, Australia. p. 3. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
^Paterson, Linda A (19 May 2010). Severe Tropical Cyclone Laurence(PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived(PDF) from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
^Courtney, Joe (8 February 2010). Severe Tropical Cyclone Magda(PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. pp. 1–3. Archived(PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
^Tropical Cyclone Tasha (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
^"Australian Tropical Cyclone Database"(CSV). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
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