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The psychological schools are the great classical theories of psychology. Each has been highly influential; however, most psychologists hold eclectic viewpoints that combine aspects of each school.

The most influential ones and their main founders are:^{[citation needed]}:

• Behaviorism: John B. Watson
• Cognitivism: Aaron T. Beck, Albert Ellis
• Functionalism: William James
• Humanistic/Gestalt: Max Wertheimer
• Psychoanalytic school: Sigmund Freud
• Systems psychology: Gregory Bateson, Felix Guattari

The list below includes these, and other, influential schools of thought in psychology:

• Activity-oriented approach
• Analytical psychology
• Anomalistic psychology
• Anti-psychiatry
• Associationism
• Behaviorism (see also radical behaviorism)
• Behavioural genetics
• Bioenergetics
• Biological psychology
• Biopsychosocial model
• Cognitivism
• Constructivism
• Cultural-historical psychology
• Depth psychology
• Descriptive psychology
• Developmental psychology
• Ecological psychology
• Ecological systems theory
• Ecopsychology
• Ego psychology
• Environmental psychology
• Evolutionary psychology
• Existential psychology
• Experimental analysis of behavior - the school descended from B.F. Skinner's work
• Functionalism
• Gestalt psychology
• Gestalt therapy
• Humanistic psychology
• Individual psychology
• Industrial psychology
• Liberation psychology
• Logotherapy
• Organismic psychology
• Organizational psychology
• Phenomenological psychology
• Process psychology
• Psychoanalysis
• Psychohistory
• Psychology of self
• Radical behaviorism - often considered a school of philosophy, not psychology
• Social psychology (sociocultural psychology)
• Strength-based practice
• Structuralism
• Systems psychology
• Transactional analysis
• Transpersonal psychology

• History of psychology