This article lists the monarchs of Iran (Persia) from the establishment of the Medes around 678 BC until the deposition of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979.
Pharaonic titulary: Horus: Smatawy, Nswbty: Mesutire[2]
Note: Ancient Persia is generally agreed to have ended with the collapse of the Achaemenid dynasty as a result of the Wars of Alexander the Great.
The Fratarakas appear to have been Governors of the Seleucid Empire.
The Seleucid dynasty gradually lost control of Persia. In 253, the Arsacid dynasty established itself in Parthia. The Parthians gradually expanded their control, until by the mid-2nd century BC, the Seleucids had completely lost control of Persia. Control of eastern territories was permanently lost by Antiochus VII in 129 BC.
For more comprehensive lists of kings, queens, sub-kings and sub-queens of this Era see:
June 631 – June 632 (Second reign)
Restored to the Sasanian throne, and later strangled to death by Piruz Khosrow
Note: Classical Persia is generally agreed to have ended with the collapse of the Sasanian Empire as a result of the Muslim conquest of Persia.
A Zoroastrian Persian dynasty that held power in the north for over a century before finally falling to the Abbasid Caliphate.
For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:
The Buyid Kingdom was divided into a number of separate emirates, of which the most important were Fars, Ray, and Iraq. Generally, one of the emirs held a sort of primus inter pares supremacy over the rest, which would be marked by titles like Amir al-umara (which tied them into the hierarchy of the Abbasid Caliphate) and Shahanshah (which the dynasty revived as a sign of independence from the Abbasid caliphs).
and
983–997
1160
Regained throne but then deposed by the people of Isfahan after 16 days.
1160–1161
Deposed by Inanj, Lord of Reyy and the court officials
Killed by Khwarazm Shah Tekish
An empire built from Khwarezm, covering part of Iran and neighbouring Central Asia.
1376/1377–1381
Sources:[26][27]
Note: Medieval Persia is generally agreed to have ended with the rise of the Safavid Empire
grandson of Uzun Hasan from mother lineage
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