List of inorganic pigments

The following list includes commercially or artistically important inorganic pigments of natural and synthetic origin.[1]

Purple pigments

Aluminum pigments

Copper pigments

Cobalt pigments

Manganese pigments

Gold pigments

Arsenic pigments

Blue pigments

Aluminum pigments

  • Ultramarine (PB29): a synthetic or naturally occurring sulfur containing silicate mineral - Na
    8–10    Al
    6    Si
    6    O
    24    S
    2–4     (generalized formula)
  • Persian blue: made by grinding up the mineral Lapis lazuli. The most important mineral component of lapis lazuli is lazurite (25% to 40%), a feldspathoid silicate mineral with the formula (Na,Ca)
    8    (AlSiO
    4    )
    6    (S,SO
    4    ,Cl)
    1–2    .

Cobalt pigments

Copper pigments

Iron pigments

Manganese pigments

  • YInMn Blue: a synthetic pigment discovered in 2009 (YIn1−xMnxO3).[4]
  • Manganese blue: barium manganate(VI) sulfate.

Green pigments

Arsenic Pigments

  • Scheele's Green: yellowish-green pigment commonly used during the early to mid-19th century (AsCuHO3)
  • Paris Green: It was manufactured in 1814 to be a pigment to make a vibrant green paint

Cadmium pigments

Chromium pigments

Cobalt pigments

  • Cobalt green: also known as Rinman's green or zinc green (CoZnO2).

Copper pigments

  • Malachite: cupric carbonate hydroxide (Cu2CO3(OH)2).
  • Scheele's Green (also called Schloss green): cupric arsenite (CuHAsO3).

Other pigments

  • Green earth: also known as terre verte and Verona green (K[(Al,Fe3+),(Fe2+,Mg](AlSi3,Si4)O10(OH)2).

Yellow pigments

Arsenic pigments

  • Orpiment: natural monoclinic arsenic sulfide (As2S3).

Bismuth pigments

Cadmium pigments

Chromium pigments

Cobalt pigments

  • Aureolin or cobalt yellow (PY40): potassium cobaltinitrite (K3Co(NO2)6).

Iron pigments

  • Yellow ochre (PY43): a naturally occurring clay of monohydrated ferric oxide (Fe2O3·H2O).

Lead pigments

Strontium pigments

Titanium pigments

Tin pigments

Zinc pigments

  • Zinc yellow (PY36): zinc chromate (ZnCrO4), a highly toxic substance with anti-corrosive properties which was historically most often used to paint over metals.

Orange pigments

Bismuth pigments

Cadmium pigments

Chromium pigments

Red pigments

Arsenic pigments

  • Realgar: As4S4 - a highly toxic natural pigment.

Cadmium pigments

Cerium pigments

Iron oxide pigments

Lead pigments

Mercury pigments

Brown pigments

Clay earth pigments (naturally formed iron oxides)

  • Raw umber (PBr7): a natural clay pigment consisting of iron oxide, manganese oxide and aluminum oxide: Fe2O3 + MnO2 + nH2O + SiO2 + Al2O3. When calcined (heated) it is referred to as burnt umber and has more intense colors.
  • Raw sienna (PBr7): a naturally occurring yellow-brown pigment from limonite clay. Used in art since prehistoric times.

Black pigments

Carbonaceous pigments

Iron pigments

Manganese pigments

Titanium pigments

White pigments

Antimony pigment

Barium pigments

Lead pigment

Titanium pigment

Zinc pigments

Fluorescent pigments

Main article: uranium glass

Safety

A number of pigments, especially traditional ones, contain heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium that are highly toxic. The use of these pigments is now highly restricted in many countries.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Völz, Hans G.; et al. "Pigments, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_243.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732..
  2. ^ Müller, Hugo; Müller, Wolfgang; Wehner, Manfred; Liewald, Heike. "Artists' Colors". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_143.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ "What Is London Purple?".
  4. ^ Smith, Andrew E.; Mizoguchi, Hiroshi; Delaney, Kris; Spaldin, Nicola A.; Sleight, Arthur W.; Subramanian, M. A. (2009). "Mn3+ in Trigonal Bipyramidal Coordination: A New Blue Chromophore". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 (47): 17084–17086. doi:10.1021/ja9080666. PMID 19899792.

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