This is a list of equipment in use by the Croatian Army.
Used by tank, IFV and APC crews and other non-infantry personnel.
HS Produkt VHS2 is a domestically produced assault rifle that has become a mainstay of the Croatian Army, having replaced the Zastava M70 in its entirety. Currently some 25000 VHS-2 rifles are in service with the armed forces, and 7800 older VHS rifles have been relegated to reserve and training units. The army also has a number of various NATO manufactured assault rifles including the FN F2000, Heckler & Koch G36, Heckler & Koch HK416, Colt M4 to name few.
VHS
The Croatian Army inherited a vast quantity of Yugoslav era weapons, including a massive quantity of small arms. Among these, some 1400 M84 Yugoslav made 7.62 machine guns and 6000 M77 light machine guns which are still in use to this day. Replacement by modern western counterparts in part was resisted by the army due to the cost and Croatia's large stockpile of 7.62mm calibre ammunition for the M84 machine gun. Replacing the M84 would have been an unnecessary cost when the country's army is undergoing a modernization effort and vital funds are needed elsewhere. However, the army has purchased a large number of western machine guns, including Ultimax 100, FN MAG and others. The Croatian Army recently held an international competition for a light machine gun replacement and the FN M249 was chosen as the best option with the army looking to order between 500 and 1000 M249s and is talking to local manufacture HS Product in establishing long term production under licence from Belgian producer for Croatian and export needs. The army has purchased an undisclosed number of Heckler & Koch MG5 and MG4s, believed to be around 40-50 samples, with future requirements for at least 500 of these weapons.[17]
7.62×51mm NATO
60+
On the 18/01/2023 a document was released in which the army plans to order an unknown number (likely 30 of which 27 to be armed with 30mm weapons stations of vehicles worth 118,455,106.00 EURO. [50]
The Croatian Army is heavily reliant on short range air defence systems such as the Strijela - 10CROA1, which although modernized offers only limited surface to air cover inadequate to deal with modern threats of UAV attack drones and other threats. The Army short-term plan includes purchase of short and medium range surface to air missile batteries. Initially plan was to look at NASAMSIII/ER, Mica VL/NG and SPYDER as likely contenders however Mica VL/NG was chosen, most likely due to the Croatian Air Force purchase of Dassault Rafale fighter aircraft. The Croatian Army plans to acquire up to 4 surface to air batteries batteries in a deal worth around €500 million.[60] The short range system also being french in this case Mistral, with Mica VL providing medium range air defence. Both systems will enter service in 2024 and 2026. Croatia has opted for purchase of the new Mica VL/NG[61] missiles, with an extended range to over 50 km, when they become available, Croatia has a requirements for at least 4 medium range surface to air batteries or 24 launchers with up to 144 missiles. Long range air defence is yet to be decided on, however with recent purchase of Mistral ER and very likely Mica VL NG, it wouldn't be unusual if Croatia opted for Aster SAMP/T NG long range air defence systems when it becomes available, however any purchase of such air defence system would happen in late 2020s.[18]
With formation of Objavestajna Pukovnija (Signals Intelligence & Electronic Warfare) in 2019 Croatian Army has amalgamated all relevant signal and electronic communication and electronic warfare units under one umbrella of Signals Intelligence & Electronic Warfare regiment, with this SIGNAT/EW regiment inherited what limited resources Croatian army has, which includes noumber of Israeli made Skylark, Orbiter 3b and domestically produced Bojnik UAV,[76][77][78][79] of which several are still operational Croatian Army has started to test domestically manufactured arial drones and UAV, .,[80][81] Army has tested noumber of domestically produced attack and surveillance drones with aim of purchasing large noumber of these.[82][83] There are 4-5 local manufacturers who are capable of making advanced drones, very likely they'll play important role in supplying Croatian army with a new drones and uavs. However, an order for additional 6-7 orbiter 3b UAVs has been made as an interim solution.
Currently Army operates noumber of DJI Inspire and DJI MAvic 2, deployed along battalion and Company level, units, with estimated 20-30 or so tiny drones that aren't really designed for military operations.[84] Croatian Armed Forces Drone command was established at Pula airport and airbase [85] which up to 2020 was used primarily for Tourist arrivals. Croatian Army started to test locally developed loitering munition of yet unknown Croatian producer, but Croatia has many decades of experience in manufacturing unmanned drones and locally there are at least half a dozen manufacturers with the technology and know-how.[86][87]
Croatian Army inherited large stock of Yugoslav communication and reconnaissance equipment mostly through capture during the war of Croatian independence in early 1990s. Modernization of communication, data network and reconnaissance vehicles and equipment started only after 2010 with purchase of large noumber of communication and secure data sets from United States, the UK and France. Donations of data network by US in particular helped Croatian Army's to equip most of its combat and support units with latest NATO standard equipment but also enabled Army to integrate link 16 data sharing network with most of its assets, however this does not include older equipment that is scheduled for retirement in next few years. Army' hopes to integrate all its assets and be able to share data when needed on the battlefield with all NATO partners therefore be fully integrate into NATO's defence structure.[89]
Army currently uses mix of US, UK and French communication equipment provided by 3 major defence suppliers, Thales, Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace and Harris L3Harris Technologies.
Croatian Army is currently equipped with an army field hospital but hospital isn't suitable for major emergency operations and lacks ability to operate in combat theatre supporting army when required. However Army has purchased large field hospital from US for $6.07 million in 2021. Role 2B military field hospital is designed to provide emergency care in combat theatre of operations.[102] Army has requirement for at least 2 Role 2B field hospitals which are designed to provide support for standard NATO Brigade size formations or between 4000 and 7000 personnel [103] in a theatre of combat operations. Currently Army plans to equip one field Role 2B hospital and expand it as per requirements. Army has already purchased number of medical vehicles and is negotiating noumber of helicopters to compliment this branch of Croatian Army.[104]
The Croatian Army inherited a vast stock of trucks, four wheel drive, various transport and utility vehicles during the Croatian War of Independence and the Battle of the Barracks, at least 250 FAP trucks, 650 TAM trucks and a number of Soviet trucks such as ZiL, Ural or Maz were captured and put into military service. Many of these vehicles are still in service with the Croatian Army, even though some are over 40 years old. Torpedo 4x4 trucks, light 2.5T trucks were built in large quantities. Some 80 samples entered service with the Army in early 1990s. However, with Croatia joining NATO the Croatian Army started looking into acquiring western types of trucks including MAN TG Mill, Iveco 5T Transport Truck, Mercedes trucks among others. However, due to the shortage of funds, delivery of new logistic and tactical trucks is somewhat lacking. In the past decade the Croatian Army started to renew its logistic and tactical truck fleet sporadically with purchases or donations of smaller quantities of new trucks. The Croatian Army stated the requirement of 1250 tactical/logistic trucks as the current desired goal.
The Croatian Army relies heavily on the stock of old trucks and supply vehicles. Some were bought brand new but the majority were captured from the Yugoslav Army barracks during the Croatian War of Independence. Slowly, this old equipment is being replaced, however due to the shortage of funds logistics formations within the Croatian Army are the last to get modern vehicles. In the long-term the Croatian Army plans to the reduce number of vehicle types in service down to only 3 manufactures: MAN, Mercedes and Iveco. Currently over a dozen of different manufactures of vehicle types are in service creating costly maintenance issues.
Croatian armed forces due to ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War has accelerated some acquisition plans that were intended for medium to long term purchases. One of the biggest procurement programs in short term is acquisition of 8 additional UH-60M helicopters valued at $273.8 million with Croatia paying $134.5 million of the total figure, [146]8 new helicopters should join the Air force by end of 2028. There is a short term plan to introduce four Medium Range Surface to Air batteries by 2028, MICA VL NG is mentioned as preferred system due to compatibility with introduction of Rafale fighters in to Croatian Air Force but several other options are being looked at as well, Norwegian NASAMS3 system and IRIS-T SLM, As neighbouring Slovenia purchased two batteries of IRIS-T SLM Croatia could follow similar path. Allocated Budget for these is estimated at €550-570 million, delivery of medium range surface to air batteries are expected sometimes after 2025, but no later than 2030.
Croatia plans to replace M-84A4 Main battle tank, but due to unfavourable financial situation prior to Russian invasion of Ukraine, decision on new tanks was always delayed. Croatia didn't jump on a bandwagon of other central European nations of replacing M-84A4 tanks with Leopard 2A4 when offered by Germany in exchange for donation to Ukraine mostly due to he fact that M-84A4 offers same capability as Leopard 2A4, in terms of optics, electronic equipment and sensors, giving Croatia no advantage. M-84A4 is equipped with modern communication system, advanced western built sensors and day night optics offering superior capability to most T-72 tanks, however tank lacks additional armoured protection. Upgrading these tanks to M84A5 standard and donating these to Ukraine is a strong possibility, however before that option can be even considered Croatia would need to secure replacement western tanks. Pressure from western NATO allies has been mounting on Croatia to consider this option, an interim solution would be to acquire a company or two, approximately 28-30 tanks from one of the western allies, with offer of Leopard 2 and AMX-56 Leclerc likely options. Said deal would be done in total secret as Croatian government has tendencies never to announce any donations to Ukraine, until Croatian origin equipment is actually seen on the Ukrainian battlefield.
Donation of large noumber of filed howitzers to Ukraine has left army with only several operational artillery battalions and depleted stock of 122 and 130mm ammunition. [147] [148][149]There is a Plan of replacing entire stock of soviet artillery systems by early 2030s includes acquisition of at least 36 to 58 wheeled 155mm Self Propelled Artillery Systems, French Cesar being most likely contender, additionally, further up to 12 PzH 2000 systems will be acquired to supplement existing stock of Panzerhaubitze howitzers and to complete at least single artillery battalion. Croatia needs to maintain at least 3 artillery battalions in active service, of which at least 1 battalion or 18 systems must be tracked armoured Self propelled howitzers.
The lighter systems that will be purchased in significant quantity are FGM-148 Javelin anti tank system. 22 launchers having been already acquired with the associate equipment with the requirement for at least 48 systems per battalion and as there are 7 battalions, Croatia needs roughly 336 systems, however this is a long term requirement and not entirely certain it'll be entirely based on Javelin system, there might be a mix of systems in play. Croatia agreed purchase of 600 |RGW90 systems from Germany, however country's Ministry of Defence plans to phase out current ex-soviet and ex-Yugoslav systems by the end of this decade, meaning a substantial order of these systems might be made in following few years. Stated requirement is for up to 720 operational systems + significant reserves.
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