List of emperors of the Trần dynasty
The Trần dynasty (1225–1440), found by Trần clan, was an imperial dynasty of Đại Việt that succeeded the Lý dynasty (1009–1225) and preceded the Hồ dynasty (1400–07). The first emperor of the dynasty was Trần Thái Tông (1218–77) and Trần Dynasty ended with the usurpation of throne from Trần Thiếu Đế (1396–?) by Hồ Quý Ly , the emperor's maternal grandfather.
Below is a complete list of emperors of the Trần dynasty, including their temple names , given names , and era names , each name is presented in Vietnamese alphabet and attached with its chữ Hán (Chinese characters ), posthumous names , which were usually very long and rarely used when referring to the sovereign, are presented in last column. Besides emperors, Đại Việt under Trần dynasty was often co-ruled by who already ceded his throne in name but still reigned until his decease or complete retirement.
Emperors
Temple names (Miếu hiệu)
Birth names (Tên húy)
Birth-Death
Period of reigns
Era names (Niên hiệu)
Posthumous names (Thụy hiệu)
Ref.
Thái Tổ (太祖)
Trần Thừa (陳承)
1184–1234
1226–1234
Khai Vận Lập Cực Hoằng Nhân Ứng Đạo Thuần Chân Chí Đức Thần Vũ Thánh Văn Thùy Dụ Chí Hiếu Hoàng Đế (開運立極弘仁應道純真至德神武聖文垂裕至孝皇帝)
Thái Tông (太宗)
Trần Cảnh (陳煚)
1218–1277
1226–1258
Kiến Trung (建中, 1226–1232) Thiên Ứng Chính Bình (天應政平, 1232–1251) Nguyên Phong (元豐, 1251–1258)
Thống thiên ngự cực long công mậu đức hiển hòa hựu thuận thần văn thánh vũ nguyên hiếu hoàng đế (統天御極隆功茂德顯和佑順神文聖武元孝皇帝)
[ 1]
Thánh Tông (聖宗)
Trần Hoảng (陳晃)
1240–1290
1258–1278
Thiệu Long (紹隆, 1258–1272) Bảo Phù (寶符, 1273–1278)
Huyền công thịnh đức nhân minh văn vũ tuyên hiếu hoàng đế (玄功盛德仁明文武宣孝皇帝)
[ 2]
Nhân Tông (仁宗)
Trần Khâm (陳昑)
1258–1308
1278–1293
Thiệu Bảo (紹寶, 1278–1285) Trùng Hưng (重興, 1285–1293)
Pháp thiên sùng đạo ứng thế hoa dân long từ hiển huệ thánh văn thần vũ nguyên minh duệ hiếu hoàng đế (法天崇道應世化民隆慈顯惠聖文神武元明睿孝皇帝)
[ 3]
Anh Tông (英宗)
Trần Thuyên (陳烇)
1276–1320
1293–1314
Hưng Long (興隆, 1293–1314)
Hiển văn duệ vũ khâm minh nhân hiếu hoàng đế (顯文睿武欽明仁孝皇帝)
[ 4]
Minh Tông (明宗)
Trần Mạnh (陳奣)
1300–1357
1314–1329
Đại Khánh (大慶, 1314–1323) Khai Thái (開泰, 1324–1329)
Chương nghiêu văn triết hoàng đế (章堯文哲皇帝)
[ 5]
Hiến Tông (憲宗)
Trần Vượng (陳旺)
1319–1341
1329–1341
Khai Hựu (開佑, 1329–1341)
[ 6]
Dụ Tông (裕宗)
Trần Hạo (陳暭)
1336–1369
1341–1369
Thiệu Phong (紹豐, 1341–1357) Đại Trị (大治, 1358–1369)
[ 7]
Dương Nhật Lễ [A] (楊日禮)
?–1370
1369–1370
Đại Định (大定, 1369–1370)
[ 8]
Nghệ Tông (藝宗)
Trần Phủ (陳暊)
1321–1394
1370–1372
Thiệu Khánh (紹慶, 1370–1372)
Quang nghiêu anh triết hoàng đế (光堯英哲皇帝)
[ 9]
Duệ Tông (睿宗)
Trần Kính (陳曔)
1337–1377
1373–1377
Long Khánh (隆慶, 1373–1377)
[ 10]
Trần Hiện [B] (陳晛)
1361–1388
1377–1388
Xương Phù (昌符, 1377–1388)
[ 11]
Thuận Tông [C] (順宗)
Trần Ngung (陳顒)
1378–1399
1388–1398
Quang Thái (光泰, 1388–1398)
[ 12]
Trần An [D] [E] (陳𤇼)
1396–?
1398–1400
Kiến Tân (建新, 1398–1400)
A : Before his death, Dụ Tông pass the throne to Dương Nhật Lễ ignoring the fact that Dương was not from the Trần clan. Dương Nhật Lễ was soon dethroned, demoted to the title of Hôn Đức Công (昏德公), and killed by members of the royal family.[ 8]
B : Phế Đế was dethroned to Linh Đức đại vương (King of Linh Duc) by Retired Emperor (Thái thượng hoàng ) Nghệ Tông after Hồ Quý Ly 's advice.[ 13]
C : Thuận Tông was obliged to pass the throne to Thiếu Đế by Hồ Quý Ly. Afterward he was forced to commit suicide after order of Hồ Quý Ly.[ 14]
D : Thiếu Đế was overthrown by Hồ Quý Ly and was downgraded to Bảo Ninh đại vương (King of Bao Ninh).[ 15]
E : His given name (An, 𤇼) was suggested by authors of Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục , the official historical book of Nguyễn dynasty , because they could not find the exact Chinese character for this sovereign.[ 16]
Retired emperor
Retired emperor
Period of reigns
Notes
Ref.
Trần Thái Tổ
1226–1234
Retired emperor only in name[A]
[ 18]
Trần Thái Tông
1259–1277
During the reign of Trần Thánh Tông
[ 19]
Trần Thánh Tông
1278–1290
During the reign of Trần Nhân Tông
[ 20]
Trần Nhân Tông
1294–1308
During the reign of Trần Anh Tông
[ 21]
Trần Anh Tông
1314–1320
During the reign of Trần Minh Tông
[ 22]
Trần Minh Tông
1329–1357
During the reign of Trần Hiến Tông and Trần Dụ Tông
[ 23]
Trần Nghệ Tông
1372–1394
During the reign of Trần Duệ Tông, Trần Phế Đế and Trần Thuận Tông
[ 24]
Trần Thuận Tông[B]
1398–1399
During the reign of Trần Thiếu Đế
[ 25]
A : Being father of Trần Thái Tông , the first emperor of Trần Dynasty, Trần Thái Tổ was honoured with the title of Retired Emperor.
B : Thuận Tông was obliged to pass the throne to Thiếu Đế and become retired emperor by Hồ Quý Ly.[ 14]
Chronicle
References
Citatioms
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 159
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 175
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 185
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 205
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 227
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 240
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 247
^ a b Ngô 1993 , p. 260
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 261
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 266
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 272
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 280
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 279
^ a b Ngô 1993 , p. 292
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 296
^ National Bureau for Historical Record 1998 , p. 321
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 293
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 164
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 183
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 201
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 220
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 229
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 253
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 287
^ Ngô 1993 , p. 294
Sources
External links
Notes:
Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House
National Bureau for Historical Record (1998), Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Education Publishing House
Trần Trọng Kim (1971), Việt Nam sử lược (in Vietnamese), Saigon: Center for School Materials
Chapuis, Oscar (1995), A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc , Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0313296227