This is a list of early warships belonging to the English sovereign or the English Government, the precursor to the Royal Navy of England (from 1707 of Great Britain, and subsequently of the United Kingdom). These include major and minor warships from 1485 until 1660, the latter being the year in which the Royal Navy came formally into existence with the Restoration of Charles II (before the Interregnum, English warships had been the personal property of the monarch and were collectively termed "the king's ships"). Between Charles I's execution in 1649 and the Restoration eleven years later, the Navy became the property of the state (Commonwealth and Protectorate), under which it expanded dramatically in size.
Prefix
While the prefix "HMS" (for His or Her Majesty's Ship) is often applied in connection with these ships, the term was not technically applicable, as it was only instituted with the establishment of the Royal Navy in 1660, following the Restoration of King Charles II of England.
The dates for ships before 1485 are probably listed using the contemporary English convention of the first day of the year being 25 March (Lady Day).
In the sections listing warships in the English/Royal Navy from 1485 onwards, the dates have been quoted using the modern convention of the year starting on 1 January, where this information is available. All dates are given in the Julian Calendar ("Old Style").
List of English warships before 1485
The following list is based extensively upon that provided in Michael Oppenheim's History of the Administration of the Royal Navy and in Volume 1 of William Laird Clowes's The Royal Navy: A History from the Earliest Times to 1900.
Note that almost every vessel listed had the words "of the Tower" (or "de la Tour" when inscribed in French, still an official language at the time) affixed to its name. This affix was simply the equivalent of the modern prefix "HMS" and is omitted below.
The number of guns quoted in most sources comprised almost entirely small(ish) iron weapons created from wrought material bound into barrels by iron hoops. These were exclusively anti-personnel weaponry; very few heavy weapons were carried, and even these were rarely used for ship-to-ship fire.
Trinity – Dismantled c. 1409, materials used for Trinity Royal
Goodgrace (c. 1400)
Le Carake (ex-GenoeseSancta Maria & Sancta Brigida, captured 1409)
Edward Howard (c. 1466, ex-Portuguese ?, captured 1479)
Governor (1485)
List of English warships 1485–1603
The lists for the Tudor period are taken primarily from Arthur Nelson's The Tudor Navy and David Childs's Tudor Sea Power (cited in references at the end of this article).
Where applicable, number of main guns follows name (see Rating system of the Royal Navy). Note that long-lived ships could be rearmed several times. Many earlier ships went through periodic repairs and rebuildings (many now unrecorded) during which their dimensions and their armament changed considerably.
Henry VII (additions 1485–1509)
The number of guns listed in various sources is not really relevant; most of the large number quoted in contemporary records were small anti-personnel weapons, and the number of these would vary from time to time (changes usually unrecorded). Accordingly, the figures have been omitted.
Carvel of Ewe (purchased 1487) – last mentioned 1518
Sovereign (ex-Trinity Sovereign) (built 1488) – rebuilt 1509, last mentioned 1525
Michael (1488, a prize taken from the Scots; not to be confused with the much larger Scottish carrack Michael) – last mentioned 1513
Margaret (1490, a prize taken from the Scots) – deleted before 1509
Mary Fortune (prototype galleass built 1497) – renamed Swallow when rebuilt 1512, deleted 1527
Sweepstake (prototype galleass built 1497 in Portsmouth what is thought by some to be the UK's first dry dock.) – deleted 1527
Henry VIII (additions 1509–1547)
Heavy (bronze) guns mounted on carriages only appeared during this reign. The concept of cutting gunports into the lower deck emerged early in the period, and relatively few heavy guns were carried. Even the largest would only have heavy guns numbering in single figures, the remainder being small anti-personnel weapons.
Ships
These were described simply as ships, most were probably carracks)
Mary Rose (1509) – rebuilt 1536, sank 1545, starboard-side remains recovered 1982 and preserved at Portsmouth
Jennet Prywin (ex-Scottish Andrew Barton, captured 1511, originally Danish) – deleted 1514
Lion (ex-Scottish privateer prize, captured 1511) – sold 1513
Anne Gallant (built 1512) – wrecked 1518
Christ (ex Christ of Lynn, purchased 1512) – captured by Barbary pirates 1515
Dragon (built 1512) – last recorded 1514
John Baptist (purchased 1512) – wrecked 1534
Mary George (ex Mary Howard, purchased 1512) – last recorded 1526
Mary James (ex James of Hull, purchased 1512) – last recorded 1529
Lizard (purchased 1512) – last recorded 1522
Great Nicholas (ex Nicholas Reede, purchased 1512) – deleted by 1522
Great Bark 63 (built 1512) – sold 1531
Little Barbara or Barbara of Greenwich (1512) – last recorded 1514
Black Bark or Christopher (1513) – last recorded 1514
Henry Hampton (purchased 1513) – hulked 1521 and not later recorded
Mary Imperial (1513) – last recorded 1525
Henri Grâce à Dieu ("Great Harry") 186 (1514) – rebuilt 1539, renamed Edward 1547, but accidentally burned 1553.
Great Elizabeth (ex Salvator von Lubeck, purchased 1514) – wrecked 1514.
Great Galley (built 1515) – rebuilt 1542 as a ship and renamed Great Bark
Less Bark (1517) – rebuilt 1536 and renamed Small Bark, last recorded 1552
Mary Gloria (purchased 1517) – last recorded 1522
Katherine Bark (built 1518) – last recorded 1525
Bark of Bullen (captured 1522 from the French) – last recorded 1525
Bark of Murless (ex Bark of Morlaix, captured 1522 from the French) – last recorded 1530
Magdeline (ex Mawdlyn of Deptford, 1522) – last recorded 1525
Mary and John (Spanish galleon) – last recorded 1528
John of Greenwich (captured 1523) – last recorded 1530
Primrose (built 1523) – rebuilt 1538, sold 1555
Minion (built 1523) – rebuilt 1536, given away 1549
Mary Guildford (built 1524) – last recorded 1539
Trinity Henry (1530) – sold 1558
Sweepstake (built 1535) – condemned 1559
Mary Willoughby (built 1535) – captured by the Scots 1536 but retaken 1547, rebuilt 1551, sold 1573
Matthew (ex Matthew Gonson, purchased 1539) – last recorded 1558
Pansy (built 1543) – condemned 1558
Artigo (ex Ferronière, captured 1543 from the French) – sold 1547
Jesus of Lübeck (ex-Hanseatic League carrackJesus von Lübeck, purchased 1544) – sunk by Spanish 1568
Marryan (ex-Hanseatic League Morian Murryan, purchased 1544) – sold 1551
Struss (ex-Hanseatic League Struce of Dawsky, purchased 1544) – sold 1552
Mary Hambrough (ex-Hanseatic League, purchased 1544) – sold 1558
Christopher of Bream (purchased 1545) – sold 1556
Mary Thomas (captured 1545) – last recorded 1546
Mary James (captured 1545) – last recorded 1546
Mary Odierne (captured 1545) – last recorded 1546
Trinity (captured 1545) – last recorded 1546
Sacrett (captured 1545) – condemned 1559
Hope Bark (1546) – last recorded 1548
Carracks
These were specifically mentioned as such, although most of the "ships" above were probably carracks also.
Gabriel Royal (ex Genoese, purchased 1512)
Katherine Fortune (ex Genoese Katarina Fortileza, purchased 1512)
Mary Loret (ex Genoese Maria de Larreto, requisitioned 1514, but returned later in the same year)
Great Barbara (ex Mawdelyn, purchased 1513) – last recorded 1524
Galleys
Henry Galley (built 1512) – lost 1513
Rose Galley (1512) – last recorded 1521
Kateryn Galley (1512) – last recorded 1527
Galley Subtile (built 1543) – listed as a gallease 1546, condemned 1560
Mermaid (ex Galley Blanchard, captured 1545) – last recorded 1563
Galleasses
The galleass was a compromise between the sleek lines and underwater shape of the galley and the broadside guns of the carrack; in this sense it was the predecessor of the galleon. Primarily sailing warships, with oars as ancillary means of propulsion. Twelve were built for Henry VIII in three groups between 1536 and 1546, and two further vessels of the type were captured from the Scottish Navy and added to the English fleet, and another was purchased. As the oars were found to detract from their sailing performance, they were removed by the time of Henry's death and in 1549 all fifteen galleasses were re-classed as 'ships'. Those in good condition were rebuilt as small galleons in 1558 (six) or 1570 (two).
First group
These four vessels were three-masted galleasses, each with a low forecastle and three pairs of gunports set along the rowing deck. A fifth galleasse - the George - was much smaller and was purchased rather than built for the Navy.
Lion (1536) – taken to pieces 1552
Jennet (1539) – rebuilt as a galleon 1558
Dragon (1542) – taken to pieces 1552
Greyhound (1545) – rebuilt as a galleon 1558
George (1546) - taken to pieces 1558
Second group
The four ships built to this type (together with two similar vessels captured from the Scots) were four-masted galleasses with a higher forecastle. They also had three or four pairs of gunports on the lower deck, but also a couple of smaller pairs on the half-deck above.
New Bark (1543) – rebuilt as a galleon 1558
Swallow (1544) – rebuilt as a galleon 1558
Unicorn (captured 1544 from the Royal Scots Navy) – taken to pieces 1552
Mary Grace (a hoyMary of Homflete, captured 1522 from the French) – last recorded 1525
Great Pinnace (1544, but may have been the Great Zabra renamed) – last recorded 1545
Less Pinnace (1544, but may have been the Less Zabra renamed) – last recorded 1549
Falcon (1544) – listed as a ship from 1557, last recorded 1578
Roo (built 1545) – captured by the French 1547
Marlion or Martin (captured from the French 1545) – last recorded 1549
Saker (built 1545) – listed as a ship from 1557, last recorded 1565
Hind (built 1545) – listed as a ship from 1557, sold 1557
Brigantine (built 1545) – captured by the French 1552
Hare (built 1545) – sold 1573
Phoenix (purchased 1546) – listed as ship from 1557, rebuilt 1558 and sold 1573
Trego Ronnyger (1546) – last recorded 1549
Also in 1546, thirteen armed rowbarges of 20 tons each were built – Double Rose, Flower de Luce (captured by the French in 1562), Sun, Harp, Cloud in the Sun, Hawthorne, Three Ostrich Feathers, Falcon in the Fetterlock, Portcullis, Rose in the Sun, Maidenhead, Roseslip and Gillyflower. The first three of these were rebuilt in 1557–58 and classed as pinnaces, the next five named above were sold in 1548–49 (for £154.4.0d each) and the last five were condemned in 1552.
Edward VI (additions 1547–1553)
Notwithstanding the considerable number of minor additions below, few significant vessels were added during this brief reign, and the majority of those that were added are prizes. Except where a fate is stated below, all the following were only listed as king's ships in the year quoted in brackets, and did not appear subsequently in records.
Black Pinnace 17 (1548)
Spanish Shallop 7 (1548)
Great Bark Aiger (1549)
Black Galley (captured 1549) – retaken by the French in the same year
Edward Bonaventure (1551) – wrecked 1556 at Aberdeen.
Mary I (additions 1553–1558)
Contrary to the subsequent Elizabethan propaganda that Mary's reign neglected the Navy, this brief reign saw the addition of the first real galleons (all Henry's new or rebuilt big ships had been carracks) – the first three detailed below – and the rebuilding of six former galleasses to the galleon concept, as well as the commencement of a larger vessel ordered under the name Edward, which was to be launched as Elizabeth Jonas in the first few months of Elizabeth's reign.
Note the number of guns given above is nominal. The much greater figures usually quoted include small/light cast-iron (anti-personnel) weapons, whereas the figures quoted here reflect the approximate number of carriage-mounted heavy bronze guns positioned on the lower or upper deck for anti-ship fire.
Elizabeth I (additions 1558–1603)
Galleons Note that the Primrose and Victory, purchased in 1560, were originally classed as "ships" rather than galleons, but the latter was rebuilt as a galleon in 1586.
Aid (rebuilt in 1580 from ship of 1562) – broken up 1599
Golden Lion 38 (rebuilt in 1582 from ship of 1557) – rebuilt again in 1609 when renamed Red Lion (although usually each version was contracted to Lion)
Ark Royal 44 (built 1587) – Built 1587 as the Ark Ralegh as a private venture for Sir Walter Ralegh, but purchased for the Queen while building and renamed Ark Royal. Rebuilt 1608 when renamed Anne Royal; wrecked 1636.
San Felipe (ex-Spanish San Felipe, captured 1587) – was not added to the English Navy
Black Dog (captured 1590) – not listed after 1590
Lion's Whelp (acquired 1590) – lost at sea 1591
Primrose Hoy (hoy, built 1590) – condemned 1618
French Frigate (pinnace, captured from the French 1591) – renamed Primrose 1612, condemned 1618
Pinnace, name unknown, c1592. Armed with set of 12 matched cannon, unlike the mixed cannon usually used at the time. Site discovered and several cannon recovered in 2009[3]
Flight (built 1592) – not listed after 1592
Madre de Dios (ex-Portuguese carrack Madre de Dios, captured 1592) – was not added to the English Navy
Eagle (hulk, ex Eagle of Lubeck, purchased 1592) – sold 1683
Flirt (acquired 1592) – not mwentionred after 1592
Hawk (exploration vessel, acquired 1593) – not listed after 1593
Minnikin (acquired 1594) – not listed after 1595
Francis (exploration vessel, acquired 1595) – captured by Spain 1595
Splendid (acquired 1597) – not listed after 1597
Daisy (pink, acquired 1599) – not listed after 1599
Lion's Whelp (ketch, purchased 1601) – given away 1625
List of English warships (1603–1642)
Number of carriage-mounted (or similar) guns follows name (see Rating system of the Royal Navy). For many early warships, the published "number of guns" included smaller anti-personnel weapons (mounted on swivels), whereas for strict comparison with later data only carriage-mounted heavy guns should be included.
The major ships (from 1618 onwards) are included in pages 158–159 of The Ship of the Line, Volume I, by Brian Lavery, published by Conways, 1983, ISBN0-85177-252-8. Lesser warships ("below the line") are taken from A History of the Administration on the Royal Navy (sic!) 1509–1660, by Michael Oppenheim, published by the Bodley Head, 1896. Both lists are augmented from British Warships in the Age of Sail 1603–1714: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates, by Rif Winfield, published by Seaforth Publishing, 2009, ISBN978-1-84832-040-6.
Major ships existing in 1618
Ships royal all the ships listed (except Prince Royal) were rebuilds of earlier ships
Prince Royal 55 (1610) [4] – which, while a new ship, was built as a replacement for the former Victory.
For the first time, under the Stuart monarchy, a division of the Navy into different categories was initiated. The largest of the great ships were categorised as ships royal, while the remainder were grouped as middling ships or small ships. Note that ships royal would under Charles I become the first rank (later first rate) ships; similarly, great ships would become the second rank (later second rate) ships; middling ships would become the third rank (later third rate) ships; and small ships would become the fourth rank (later fourth rate) ships – later to be further sub-divided (about 1650) into fourth, fifth and sixth rates.
Ships royal (later, first rank ships)
Anne Royal 40 guns (1608) – a rebuilding of the Ark Royal of 1587.
Prince Royal 51 guns (1610) – a replacement for (not a rebuilding of) the Victory of 1560.
Merhonour 40 guns (1615) – a rebuilding of the ship of 1590.
Great ships (later, second rank ships) Originally with 32–34 guns, by 1660 this had increased to 56 guns (64 in the Triumph).
Hope 34 guns (1605) – a second rebuilding of the Hope of 1559.
Nonsuch 32 guns (1605) – a rebuilding of the Nonpareil of 1584 (itself a rebuilding of the Philip and Mary of 1556.
Red Lion 32 guns (1609) – a second rebuilding of the Golden Lion of 1557.
Repulse 34 guns (1610) – a rebuilding of the ship of 1596.
Defiance 34 guns (1613) – a rebuilding of the ship of 1590.
Vanguard 34 guns (1615) – a rebuilding of the ship of 1586.
Rainbow 34 guns (1615) – a rebuilding of the ship of 1586.
Convertine 30 guns (1620) – built as the Destiny for Sir Walter Ralegh in 1616, and acquired by the Navy in 1620 – sold at Lisbon by the Royalists 1650.
Small ships (later, fourth rank ships)
Phoenix 18 guns (1613) – not mentioned after 1624.
Note that this list only included the first part of Charles's reign preceding the English Civil War (i.e. up to 1642), Subsequent acquisitions are listed in the following section.
Nicodemus 6 (ex-Dunkirker, captured 1636) – Sold 1657
List of major English warships of the English Civil War, the Commonwealth and Protectorate (1642–1660)
The interregnum between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the Restoration of royal authority in 1660 saw the full emergence of the ship-of-the-line and its employment during the first Anglo-Dutch War. During this period the English navy technically became first the Commonwealth Navy, later the Protectorate Navy and subsequently the Commonwealth Navy again; the prefix "HMS" is thus not applicable to any English warship during the Interregnum.
The following lists include ships of the line, i.e. vessels of the first, second, third and fourth rates which were judged fit to stand in the line of battle. Smaller warships of the fifth and sixth rates, and the even smaller unrated vessels, appear in the subsequent section.
Under the categorisation as amended in late 1653, the rates were based on the number of men in the established complement of a ship, as follows:
First rate, 400 men and over.
Second rate, 300 men and up to 399.
Third rate, 200 men and up to 299.
Fourth rate, 140 men and up to 199.
However, there were numerous exceptions, and ships changed their Rating from time to time.
The larger ships are listed in pages 159–160 of The Ship of the Line Volume I, by Brian Lavery, published by Conways, 1983, ISBN0-85177-252-8, and more fully in British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1603–1714, by Rif Winfield, published by Seaforth Publishing, 2009, ISBN978-1-84832-040-6. Lesser warships ("below the line") are taken from A History of the Administration on the Royal Navy (sic!) 1509–1660, by Michael Oppenheim, published by the Bodley Head, 1896, as well as from Winfield's book.
The frigates listed here are not the type of vessel known as frigates in the 18th and 19th centuries. The term in the 17th century signified a fast vessel, with low superstructure to give more stability.
First and second rates (three-decked ships)
A programme comprising four second rates of 60 guns each was adopted in 1654. However, of these four ships the Naseby was completed as a first rate, while the Richard was reclassed as a first rate in 1660 (and renamed).
First rate
Naseby 80 (1655) – Renamed Royal Charles 1660, captured by the Netherlands, 1667, BU.[6]
Second rates
Richard 70 (1658) – Renamed Royal James 1660, burnt 1667.[6]
Dunbar 64 (1656) – Renamed Henry 1660, rearmed to 82, burnt by accident in 1682.[6]
London 64 (1656) – Blown up by accident in 1665.[6]
Early frigates (fourth rates)
The 'first' English frigate
Constant Warwick 32 (1645) built as a private venture; she was hired by the Navy from 1646, and purchased outright in 1649 – BU 1666 for rebuild [6]
Swiftsure 60 (1654) – Captured by the Dutch 1667 [6]
Lion 48 (c. 1658) – re-armed at 60 by 1677. Sold 1698 [6]
Captures of the First Anglo-Dutch War
The following list covers only the major vessels, all taken from the Dutch and added to the Commonwealth Navy as fourth rates; several dozen further small vessels were also captured from the Dutch during this war, and added to the Protectorate Navy, usually as fifth rate or sixth rate vessels.
White Raven 36 (ex-Dutch, captured 1652) – captured by Dutch privateers 1654.
Hound 36 (ex-Dutch Hasewind, captured 1652) – hulked 1656 and sold 1660.
Marigold 30 (ex-Royalist Crowned Lion, captured 1650) – Sold 1658.
Gillyflower 32 (ex-Royalist Saint Michael, captured 1651, ex-merchantman Archangel San Miguel) – Sold 1667
Marmaduke 42 (ex-Royalist Revenge of Whitehall, captured 1652, ex-merchantman Marmaduke) – sunk as a blockship 1667.
Captures from the Portuguese
Convertine 44 (ex-Portuguese, probably the Nossa Senhora da Natividade) – Captured October 1650. There is a small possibility that this may be the same ship as the earlier Convertine of 1620, which had been left behind in Lisbon by the Royalist fleet, but most experts are sceptical. Captured by the Netherlands 1666, and then retaken from the Netherlands by a Scottish privateer in 1667, but not returned to the Royal Navy.
A second Portuguese ship, the São Pedro de Lisboa, was also captured in October 1650, but was not added to the English Commonwealth Navy.
Captures from the French
Success 38 (ex-French Jules) – captured 1650, renamed Old Success 1660 and sold 1662
Crow 36 (ex-French Croissant) – captured 1652 and sold 1656.
Great Gift 36 (ex-French Don de Dieu) – captured 1652 and expended as a fireship 1666.
Fortune 36 (ex-French Fortunee) – captured 1652 and sold 1654.
In principle, vessels with an established complement of fewer than 150 were classed (from late 1653) as fifth rate (with between 80 and 139 men), sixth rate (with between 50 and 79 men), or as unrated (with fewer than 50 men). However, there were numerous exceptions, and a large number of vessels changed categories during their service lives.
Purchased vessels of the 1640s.
Cygnet 18, purchased 1643, sold 1654.
Hector 22, purchased 1644, sold 1656.
Captured vessels of the 1640s.
Fellowship 28, captured from Royalists 1643, sold 1662.
Warwick 22, captured from Royalists 1643, sold 1660.
Globe 24, captured from Royalists 1644, sold 1648.
Swann 12, captured from Royalists 1645, wrecked 1653.
History of the Administration of the Royal Navy and of Merchant Shipping in Relation to the Navy from 1509 to 1660 with an introduction treating of the Preceding Period, by Michael Oppenheim, 1896. Republished 1988 by Temple Smith, ISBN0-566-05572-4
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Questa voce sugli argomenti allenatori di pallacanestro statunitensi e cestisti statunitensi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti dei progetti di riferimento 1, 2. Dave Henderson Dave Henderson (a destra) con la maglia di Duke Nazionalità Stati Uniti Altezza 196 cm Peso 88 kg Pallacanestro Ruolo PlaymakerAllenatore Termine carriera 1998 - giocatore2006 - allenatore CarrieraGiovanili Warren County High School1982-...
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烏克蘭總理Прем'єр-міністр України烏克蘭國徽現任杰尼斯·什米加尔自2020年3月4日任命者烏克蘭總統任期總統任命首任維托爾德·福金设立1991年11月后继职位無网站www.kmu.gov.ua/control/en/（英文） 乌克兰 乌克兰政府与政治系列条目 宪法 政府 总统 弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基 總統辦公室 国家安全与国防事务委员会 总统代表（英语：Representatives of the President of Ukraine） 总...
Professional wrestling tag team Professional wrestling team The Prime Time PlayersO'Neil (left) and Young (right) in April 2015StatisticsMembersDarren YoungTitus O'NeilA.W. (manager)Name(s)The Prime Time PlayersBilled heightsYoung: 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)O'Neil: 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m)Combinedbilled weight509 lb (231 kg)HometownFloridaDebutJanuary 25, 2012DisbandedAugust 15, 2016Years active2012–20142015–2016 The Prime Time Players were an American profession...
For awareness ribbon userboxes, see Wikipedia:Userboxes/Ribbons. Symbols meant to show support or raise consciousness for a cause This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Awareness ribbon – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) A person we...
Auto insurance company Government Employees Insurance CompanyGEICO headquarters in Chevy Chase, MarylandCompany typeSubsidiaryIndustryInsuranceFounded1936; 88 years ago (1936)San Antonio, Texas, United States[1]FoundersLeo Goodwin Sr.Lillian GoodwinHeadquartersChevy Chase, Maryland, United StatesArea servedUnited StatesKey peopleTodd Combs (CEO)ProductsAuto insuranceRevenue$35.093 billion USD (2020) [2]Number of employees40,000[3]ParentBerkshire Hatha...
UFC mixed martial arts event in 2009 UFC 95: Sanchez vs. StevensonThe poster for UFC 95: Sanchez vs. StevensonInformationPromotionUltimate Fighting ChampionshipDateFebruary 21, 2009VenueThe O2 ArenaCityLondon, United KingdomAttendance13,268[1]Total gate$1,000,000 (approximate)[1]Event chronology UFC Fight Night: Lauzon vs. Stephens UFC 95: Sanchez vs. Stevenson UFC 96: Jackson vs. Jardine UFC 95: Sanchez vs. Stevenson was a mixed martial arts event held by the Ultimate Fightin...
