This is a list of writers, including novelists, essayists, poets, playwrights, and journalists, who were born in Spain or whose writings are closely associated with that country.

• Iñaki Abad (born 1963), novelist and journalist
• Brianda de Acuña (1576–1630), nun and autobiographer
• Pilar Adón (born 1971), novelist, short story writer, poet, translator
• Silvia Agüero (born 1985), Roma feminist writer and human rights activist
• Pedro Antonio de Alarcón (1833–1891), novelist
• Rafael Alberti (1902–1999), poet, Cervantes Prize laureate (1983)
• Vicente Alberti y Vidal (1786–1859), writer
• Daniela Albizu (1936-2015), Basque teacher, writer, and councillor
• Jerónimo de Alcalá (1571–1632), physician and writer
• José Alcalá Galiano (1843–1919), writer, poet and humorist
• Baltasar del Alcázar (1530–1606), poet
• Ignacio Aldecoa (1925–1969), novelist and poet
• Mateo Alemán (1547–c. 1609), novelist
• Vicente Aleixandre (1888–1984), poet, Nobel Prize laureate (1977)
• Florina Alías (1921–1999), writer
• Dámaso Alonso (1898–1990), poet, Cervantes Prize laureate (1978)
• Núria Añó (b. 1973), novelist and biographer
• Tomás de Añorbe y Corregel (1686–1741), playwright and poet
• Jerónimo de Arbolanche (1546–1572), writer
• Trinidad Ardura, writer
• Juan de Arguijo (1567–1623), writer, poet and musician during the Spanish Golden Age
• Juan Ariza (1816–1876), Romantic novelist, poet, and playwright
• Raimon Arola (born 1956), art historian specializing in sacred symbolism and hermetic tradition
• Alfonso Clemente de Arostegui y Cañavate (1698–1774), Catholic bishop, writer, lawyer, and diplomat
• Francisco Asensi (1936–2013), religious writer
• Francisco Ayala (1906–2009), novelist, Cervantes Prize laureate (1991)
• Wenceslao Ayguals de Izco (1801–1873), writer and editor
• Azorín (José Martínez Ruiz) (1863–1967), journalist, poet, novelist and essayist

• Lola Badia (born 1951), philologist, medievalist
• Frutos Baeza (1861–1918), poet and writer in the Murcian dialect
• Gaspar de Baeza (1540–1569), humanist, lawyer, translator and writer known during the Spanish Golden Age
• Ricardo Baeza Durán (1890–1956)
• Rafael Balanzat y Baranda (1820–1854), writer and military man
• Andrés Baquero (1853–1916), teacher, researcher, and writer
• Bárbara de Santo Domingo (1842–1872), Catholic mystic writer
• Elia Barceló (born 1957), writer
• Juan Barcia Caballero (1852–1926), Spanish physician and writer
• Pío Baroja (1872–1956), novelist of the Generation of '98
• Pedro Barrantes (1850–1912), writer, journalist
• Joaquín Bastús (1799–1873), writer and pedagogue
• Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer (1836–1870), romantic poet and tale writer
• Diego Beltrán Hidalgo (17th century), poet and critic
• Elísabet Benavent (born 1984), romance writer
• Jacinto Benavente (1866–1954), dramatist, Nobel Prize laureate (1922)
• Francisco Bermúdez de Pedraza (1585–1655), writer, jurist and historian
• Joan Binimelis (1538–1616), scientist and writer
• Vicente Blasco Ibáñez (1867–1928), novelist, wrote The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (1916)
• Isidoro Bosarte (1747–1807), historian and writer
• Vicente Botín, journalist
• Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (born 1962), Galician linguist
• Antonio Buero Vallejo (1916–2000), playwright of the Generation of '36

• Cabret (late 14th century), translator
• Javier Cacho Gomez (born 1952), scientific writer and novelist
• Fernando Cagigal (1756–1824), poet and playwright
• Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1600–1681), playwright and poet of the Spanish Golden Age
• Luis Carandell Robusté (1929–2002), journalist and writer
• Manuel Casal (1751–1837), poet and polymath
• Félix Casanova de Ayala (1915–1990), poet
• Francisco Cascales (1564–1642), humanist and writer
• Alejandro Casona (1903–1965)
• Abraham Castanho, (mid 17th century), poet
• José Manuel Castañón (1920–2001), novelist and essayist
• Rosalía de Castro (1837–1885), romanticist and poet
• Juan Francisco de Castro Fernández (1721–1790), priest, lawyer and writer
• José Carlos Cataño (born 1954), poet
• José Joaquín Casasús (1733–1822), writer
• Cecilia del Nacimiento (1570–1646), nun, mystic, writer, and poet
• María Cegarra Salcedo (1899–1993), chemist, teacher, poet, councillor
• Camilo José Cela (1916–2002), novelist, Nobel Prize laureate (1989)
• Pancracio Celdrán (1942–2019), academic and journalist
• Francisco Cerdá y Rico (1739–1800), humanist, jurist and writer
• Francisco Cerecedo (1940–1977), journalist
• Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616), novelist, poet and playwright, author of Don Quixote
• Edith Checa Oviedo (1957–2017), writer, poet, journalist
• Matilde Cherner (1833–1880), novelist, dramatist, literary critic, and journalist
• Clarín (Leopoldo Alas) (1852–1901), novelist, dramatist, literary critic, and journalist
• Gerónimo de la Concepción (1642–1698), writer
• Andrés del Corral (1748–1818), writer and archeologist
• Javier Cosnava (born 1971), novelist
• Eusebio Cuerno de la Cantolla (1850–1922), journalist and businessman

• Filomena Dato (1856–1926), feminist, writer
• Pedro Víctor Debrigode (1914–1982), novelist
• Miguel Delibes (1920–2010), novelist, Cervantes Prize laureate (1993)
• Demófilo (1848–1893)
• Agustín Díaz Pacheco (born 1953), journalist and novelist
• Gerardo Diego (1896–1987), poet, Cervantes Prize laureate (1979)
• Rafael Dieste (1899–1981)
• María Magdalena Domínguez (1922–2021), poet
• María Dueñas (born 1964)

• José Echegaray (1832–1916), dramatist, Nobel Prize laureate (1904)
• Francisco de Enciso Zárate, (?–1570), writer of chivalric romance novels
• Feliciana Enríquez de Guzmán (1569–c. 1644), playwright of the Spanish Golden Age
• Antonio Escohotado (1941–2021), philosopher and essayist
• Juan Escoiquiz (1762–1820), ecclesiastic, politician and writer
• Vicente Espinel (1550–1624), poet and novelist
• José de Espronceda (1808–1842), romantic poet
• Cristina Fernández Cubas (born 1945), novelist and short story writer
• César Fernández García (born 1967), novelist
• Leandro Fernández de Moratín (1760–1828), dramatist and neoclassical poet
• Pastora Filigrana (born 1981), non-fiction writer, columnist

• José María Gabriel y Galán (1870–1905), poet
• Antonio Gala (1930–2023), poet, dramatist and novelist
• Rafael Gambra Ciudad (1920–2004), philosopher and author
• Gabriel García-Badell (1936–1994), writer
• Cecilia García de Guilarte (1915–1989), essayist, playwright, novelist and journalist
• Juan García Hortelano (1928–1992)
• María Esther García López (born, 1948), poet and writer; president, Asturias Writers Association
• Vincent García de la Huerta (1734–1787), dramatist, poet, and critic
• Federico García Lorca (1898–1936), poet and dramatist of the Generation of '27
• Ignacio García Malo (1760–1812), playwright, translator, and writer
• Luis García San Miguel (1929–2006), jurist and author
• Blanca de Gassó y Ortiz (1846–1877), writer and poet
• Juan Givanel (1868–1946), philologist and literary critic
• Ramón Gómez de la Serna (1888–1963), writer, dramatist and avant-garde agitator
• Luis de Góngora (1561–1627), lyric poet considered to be among the most prominent Spanish poets of all time
• Beremundo González Rodríguez (1909–1986), Galician writer and politician
• Enriqueta González Rubín (1832–1877), Asturian writer
• Juan Goyanarte (1900–1955), editor and writer
• Baltasar Gracián (1601–1658), Baroque prose writer and philosopher
• Josep Guijarro Triadó (born 1967), writer and journalist
• Jorge Guillén (1893–1984), poet, Cervantes Prize laureate (1976), four-time Nobel Prize nominee
• Miguel Hernández (1910–1942), poet
• Carla Herrero (born 1994), writer, blogger
• Juan López de Hoyos (1511–1583), Renaissance author

• Antonio Iturbe (born 1967), journalist, professor, and editor
• Juan Antonio de Iza Zamácola (1756–1826), journalist, historian and writer
• Pablo de Jérica (1781–1841), writer and journalist
• Juan Ramón Jiménez (1881–1958), poet, Nobel Prize laureate (1956)
• John of the Cross (1542–1591), mystic poet
• Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos (1744–1811), major figure of the Spanish Age of Enlightenment, philosopher, statesman, poet and essayist
• Robert Juan-Cantavella (born 1976), novelist and editor
• Jon Juaristi (born 1951), poet and essayist
• Rogelia León (1828–1870), poet, playwright, essayist, and narrative writer
• Juana Teresa Juega López (1885–1979), poet
• Use Lahoz (born 1976), novelist
• Mariano José de Larra (1809–1837), literary journalist
• Fray Luis de León (1527–1591), poet of the Spanish Golden Age
• Antonio F. Lera (born 1952), writer, translator, journalist, and publisher
• Julio Llamazares (born 1955), poet, novelist and journalist
• Jorge Llopis (1919–1976), satirist and playwright
• Francisco de Paula López de Castro (1771–1827), Neoclassical poet and writer
• María López Sández (born 1973), Galician philologist and essayist

• Antonio Machado (1875–1939), leading poet of the Generation of '98
• Salvador de Madariaga (1886–1978), essayist and two-time Nobel Prize nominee
• César Mallorquí (born 1953)
• José Mallorquí Figuerola (1913–1972)
• Pedro Malón de Chaide (1530–1589), religious author
• Jorge Manrique (1440–1479), major Castilian poet
• Manuel Mantero (born 1930), poet and literary critic
• José María Díaz (1813–1888), Romantic journalist and playwright
• Salvador María Granés (1840–1911), journalist and author of comic theatre
• Francisco Mariano Nipho (1719–1803), writer and journalist
• Javier Marías (1951–2022), novelist and translator
• Manuel Marliani Cassens (1795–1873), writer, diplomat, and politician
• Juan Marquez (1565–1621), ascetic writer
• Juan Marsé (1933–2020), novelist and Cervantes prize laureate
• Rossend Marsol Clua (1922–2006), journalist and writer
• Alfons Marti (born 1968), writer
• Carmen Martín Gaite (1925–2000), novelist, essayist, and author of short stories
• Pablo Martín Asuero (born 1967), academic in Oriental studies
• Francisco Martínez Motiño
• Manuel Martínez Barrionuevo (1857–1917), poet and writer
• Pedro Luis Martínez Larriba (born 1946), playwright
• Augusto Martínez Olmedilla (1880–1965), novelist and journalist
• Joanot Martorell (1413–1468), author of the first novel, Tirant lo Blanc (1490)
• Juan Francisco Masdeu, Jesuit historian
• Juan María Maury (1772–1845), writer
• Patricia Mayayo (born 1967), art historian
• Marina Mayoral (1942), novelist, essayist
• Gonçal Mayos Solsona (born 1957), philosopher and essayist
• Fernando Rodríguez Méndez, journalist and novelist
• Rodrigo Méndez Silva (1606–1670), historian, genealogist, geographer and writer
• Rosa Méndez Fonte (born 1957), Galician writer, poet, and researcher
• Eduardo Mendoza (born 1943), novelist and Cervantes prize laureate
• Juan González Mesa (born 1975)
• Agustín Millares Sall (1917–1989), poet
• Juan Millé Giménez (1884–1945), writer and professor of literature
• Domingo Miras (1934–2022), dramatist
• José Manuel Mójica Legarre (born 1955), writer
• Tirso de Molina (1571–1648), playwright
• Gaspar de Molina y Zaldívar (1741–1806), architect, painter, poet and writer
• Francisco Antonio de Monteser (c. 1620–1668), dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age]
• Francisco Morales Lomas (b.1957), poet
• Iñigo Moré (born 1968), researcher and non-fiction writer
• Agustín Moreto y Cavana (1618–1661), dramatist and playwright
• José Luis Munárriz (1752–1830), literary critic, translator and writer
• Juan Jacinto Muñoz Rengel (born 1974), novelist

• Ramón Ortega y Frías (1825–1883), writer
• José Ortega y Gasset (1883–1955), essayist
• José Ovejero (born 1958), novelist, essayist and poet
• Juan Lorenzo Obras se Palmireno (1514/1524–1579/1580), playwright and educator
• Constanza Ossorio (1595–1637), poet and writer
• Pilar Pallarés (born 1957), poet
• Carmelo Palomino Kayser (1952–2000), poet
• Emilia Pardo Bazán (1851–1921), writer of prose and poetry who introduced naturalism and feminist ideas to Spanish literature
• Jerónimo de Pasamonte (1553–after 1605), writer during the Spanish Golden Age
• Paul Pen (born 1979), author of literary fiction, thriller and suspense
• Andrés Pascual (born 1969), novelist
• Ánxeles Penas (born 1943), poet
• Benito Pérez Galdós (1843–1920), realist novelist considered by some to be second only to Cervantes in stature as a Spanish novelist
• Narcisa Pérez Reoyo (1849–1876), writer
• Arturo Pérez-Reverte (born 1951), best-selling novelist and journalist, member of the Royal Spanish Academy
• Marta Pessarrodona (born 1941), poet, literary critic, essayist, biographer
• Francisco Pi y Arsuaga (1865–1912)
• Francesc Pi i Margall (1824–1901), romanticist writer who was briefly president of the short-lived First Spanish Republic
• Berta Piñán (born 1963), writer, poet, politician
• Francisco de Pisa (1534–1616), Spanish historian and writer
• Álvaro Pombo, (1939), Spanish poet and novelist
• José Antonio Porcel (1715–1794), poet and writer
• Alana Portero (1978), writer, poet and playwright
• Miguel de Portilla y Esquivel (1660–1732), writer
• Gervasio Posadas (1962), novelist
• Santiago Posteguillo (born 1967), novelist
• Luz Pozo Garza (1922–2020), poet
• Núria Pradas (born 1954), Spanish philologist and writer
• Isabel Prieto de Landázuri (1833–1876), poet and dramatist
• James Prohens (1911–2007), Spanish-American poet
• Francisco de Quevedo (1580–1645), novelist, essayist and poet, master of Conceptism
• Eduardo Quiles (born 1940), playwright and writer
• Raúl Quinto (born 1978), poet and essayist

• Juan Antonio Ramírez Domínguez (1948–2009), essayist
• Manuel Ramírez Fernández de Córdoba (1948–2007), journalist
• María del Carmen Reina Jiménez (born 1942), essayist, writer, activist, and politician
• Miguel del Rey Vicente, military historian
• José Amador de los Ríos (1818–1878) historian, archaeologist, art and literature
• David Roas (born 1965), short story writer and critic
• Fátima Rodríguez (b. 1961), writer, translator
• Pepe Rodríguez (born 1953)
• Rafael Rodríguez Mohedano (1725–1787), historian and writer
• Fernando de Rojas (1465–1541), novelist, author of La Celestina (1499)
• Carlos Rojas Vila (1928–2020)
• Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla (1607–1660), dramatist
• Luis Romero (1916–2009)
• Juan Ruiz de Alarcón (c. 1581–1639), dramatist
• Víctor Ruiz Iriarte (1912–1982), dramatist
• Carlos Ruiz Zafón (born 1964), best-selling novelist

• Luis Sáenz de la Calzada (1912–1994), poet
• Pedro Salinas (1891–1951), poet
• Félix María Samaniego (1745–1801)
• Manuel Sánchez Cuesta (born 1942), philosopher
• Agustín Sánchez Vidal (born 1948), novelist
• Fernando Sánchez Dragó (1936–2023)
• Paloma Sánchez Garnica (1962)
• Miguel de los Santos Álvarez (1818–1892), romantic writer
• Marta Segarra (born 1963), philologist, university professor, and researcher
• Ramón J. Sender (1901–1982), novelist and journalist
• Manuel Siles Artés (1921–1984), writer
• Mariana de Silva-Bazán y Sarmiento, (1739–1784), aristocrat, poet, translator, painter
• María del Pilar Sinués de Marco (1835–1893), novelist, poet, non-fiction writer
• Antonio Soler (born 1956), novelist
• Dolores Soler-Espiauba (born 1935), novelist

• Diego Tadeo González (1733–1794), poet
• Sofía Tartilán (1829–1888), novelist, essayist, journalist, editor
• Enrique Tierno Galván (1918–1986), essayist and lawyer who served as Mayor of Madrid from 1979 to 1986
• Juan Tizón (1895–1945), writer and politician
• Saulo Torón Navarro (1885–1974), poet
• Gonzalo Torrente Ballester (1910–1999), novelist
• Domingo Traggia (1744–1816), military academic, historian and writer
• Juan Manuel Trujillo (1907–1976), essayist and publisher
• Fernando Trujillo Sanz
• Pablo Tusset (born 1965), novelist
• Miguel de Unamuno (1864–1936), Basque essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, philosopher, professor of Greek and Classics, and later rector at the University of Salamanca
• Chusé Raúl Usón, publisher and a Spanish writer in the Aragonese language

• Antonio Valladares de Sotomayor (1737–1820), playwright, poet and journalist
• Ramón María del Valle-Inclán (1866–1936), radical dramatist, novelist and member of the Generation of '98
• José Rafael Valles Calatrava (born 1957), academic author and professor
• Juan Antonio Vallejo-Nágera Botas (1926–1990)
• Maria Vallejo-Nágera (born 1967), writer in Spanish
• Diego Valverde Villena (born 1967), poet and essayist
• Alberto Vázquez-Figueroa (born 1936), novelist
• Alonso Vázquez (155?–1615)
• Manuel Vázquez Montalbán (1939–2003), writer
• Garcilaso de la Vega (1501–1536), Renaissance poet who was influential in introducing Italian Renaissance verse forms, poetic techniques, and themes to Spain
• "El Inca" Garcilaso de la Vega (1539–1616), first mestizo author in Spanish language, known for his chronicles of Inca history
• Félix Lope de Vega (1562–1635), one of the key literary figures of the Spanish Golden Age
• José Miguel Vilar-Bou (born 1979), short story writer and novelist

• Josep Yxart (1852–1895), writer and translator
• María de Zayas y Sotomayor (1590–1660), female novelist of the Spanish Golden Age, and one of the first Spanish feminist authors
• Asunción de Zea-Bermúdez (1862–1936), writer and essayist
• José Zorrilla y Moral (1817–1893), poet and dramatist, author of Don Juan Tenorio (1844)

• List of Spanish women writers
• List of Spanish-language authors
• List of Spaniards