Cambridgeshire is a county in eastern England, with an area of 339,746 hectares (1,312 sq mi)[1] and a population as of mid-2015 of 841,218.[2] It is crossed by the Nene and the Great Ouse rivers. The University of Cambridge, which was founded in the thirteenth century, made the county one of the country's most important intellectual centres. A large part of the county is in The Fens, and drainage of this habitat, which probably commenced in the Roman period and was largely completed by the seventeenth century, considerably increased the area available for agriculture.[3]
In England, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) are designated by Natural England, which is responsible for protecting England's natural environment. Designation as an SSSI gives legal protection to the most important wildlife and geological sites.[5] As of March 2017, there are 99 sites designated in the county.[6] There are eighty-eight sites listed for their biological interest, ten for their geological interest, and one for both interests.
The largest site is Ouse Washes at 2,513.6 hectares (6,211 acres), which is partly in Norfolk. It is internationally important for its wintering and breeding waterfowl and waders, such as teal, pintail and wigeon.[7] The smallest is Delph Bridge Drain at 0.1 hectares (0.25 acres), a short stretch of ditch which was designated because it was found to have a population of fen ragwort, which was believed to have been extinct in Britain since 1857.[8] The only site designated for both biological and geological interests is Ely Pits and Meadows, which has nationally important numbers of bitterns, and has yielded sauropoddinosaurs and pliosaur marine reptiles dating to the Jurassic period.[9]
Key
Interest
B = a site of biological interest
G = a site of geological interest
Public access
FP = access to footpaths through the site only
NO = no public access to site
PP = public access to part of site
WTPR = Wildlife Trust permit required for access
YES = public access to the whole or most of the site
The site is described by Natural England as important for the study of changes in Holocene sea levels. There are five peat levels dating to between 6,400 and 1,850 years BP, and the earliest level represents the oldest directly dated transgression of the sea into the Fens.[12]
The site is a wet valley which has alder on fen peat, a type of woodland which is now rare in East Anglia. Ground flora include angelica and meadowsweet. This habitat is very valuable to invertebrates.[14]
This wood is ash and maple on heavy clay soils, with much of it dating to before the Middle Ages, and having diverse flora and fauna as a result. One area, which was probably cultivated until around 1350, has medieval ridge and furrow and lacks some plants found in areas which have been more continuously forested.[17]
This site has one of the last surviving areas of ash and maple woodland on chalky boulder clay. It has diverse flora, including the rare oxlip and a variety of shrubs, such as dogwood. Open grassy rides provide additional habitats.[19]
This site, on a former mineral working, is grassland on Jurassiclimestone, and it is managed by sheep grazing and scrub control. It has a diverse flora including some species which are nationally scarce, such as pasque flowers.[24]
This neutral grassland periodically floods in the winter. It is used by wintering wildfowl, including Bewick's swans in nationally numbers, especially when the nearby Ouse Washes flood too deeply. There are wetland herbs such as marsh ragwort and the rare narrow-leaved water-dropwort.[37]
The site is herb-rich calcareous grassland, which was formerly common in the county, but is now rare. It is traditionally managed by hay cutting and grazing, and plants include salad burnet and dropwort.[53]
This site on the banks of the River Cam is composed of pastures which are seasonally flooded. It is described by Natural England as an important site for wintering and breeding wildfowl and waders. Breeding birds include snipe, redshank, gadwall, teal and shovelers.[55]
This site has ancient ash and maple woodland, unimproved grassland and scrub. The site is described by Natural England as valuable for invertebrates, including some nationally uncommon species. There are also ponds and ditches which have a variety of aquatic fauna including the warty newt.[62]
These former chalk quarries have a variety of habitats, including grassland and woodland. The site was designated an SSSI because it has four rare plants, three of which are listed in the British Red List of Threatened Species. These are great pignut, moon carrot and grape hyacinth.[66]
The site is described by Natural England as "of national importance for its wide range of wetland habitats and associated birds and insects". It has diverse habitats and flora, with several uncommon species in damp meadows. It also has many species of breeding birds, and rare spiders and moths.[75]
This site has the only known British population of fen ragwort, which was previously believed to have become extinct in the UK in 1857, due to habitat destruction. It was re-discovered in 1971 when dormant seeds probably germinated following excavation of the drain.[8]
The site is a rare surviving example of rough fen and carr. Other habitats are dry grassland and scrub, together with ditches and a chalk stream. The diverse habitats are valuable for amphibians and reptiles.[78]
It is not known when the dyke was built but a date in the Anglo-Saxon period is thought most likely.[81] There is extensive chalk grassland with diverse species, and areas of woodland and chalk scrub. The site has unusual plants such as purple milk-vetch, bastard toadflax and pasque flowers.[83]
This site has three different uncommon types of woodland. The dominant tree is coppiced field maple, with a varied shrub layer and a considerable population of oxlips. There are several nationally uncommon beetles, such as the rove beetleStichoglossa semirufa.[89]
This site has yielded an extensive assemblage of fossil reptiles dating to the Kimmeridgian, around 155 million years ago in the late Jurassic. Its biological interest lies mainly in its breeding birds, especially nationally rare wintering and breeding bitterns.[9]
Wimpole Wood has six bat species, including the barbastelle, which is a very rare species in Britain; females give birth and raise young in tree crevices. Eversden Wood is a species rich example of a type of woodland rare in lowland Britain, with ancient ash and field maple trees.[95]
This former gravel quarry has marine and a few non-marine shells laid down when the area was under the North Sea, probably during the warm Eemian period, 130,000 to 115,000 years ago.[98]
Fleam Dyke is one of 286 sites selected by Charles Rothschild between 1912 and 1915 as wildlife sites "worthy of preservation" in Britain and Ireland.[101][102] The steep banks of the earthwork have species-rich chalk grassland, a rare habitat in the county.[103]
These are ancient meadows on calcareous loam and peat which have never been farmed, so they have a rich diversity of flora and fauna. Herbs in drier areas include cowslip and salad burnet, while wetter areas have tall fen vegetation.[108][109]
The site has steep banks of glacial deep sandy gravel, and is one of the few examples of a sandy habitat in the county. There are several rare plants, such as hoary cinquefoils, pasque flowers and maiden pinks.[111]
This is ancient ash/maple woodland on sandy loam soil, an unusual habitat in lowland England. Ground flora include dog's mercury, yellow archangel, wood anemone and the nationally restricted oxlip.[114] The flora is diverse due to the varied soils, and there are hundreds of species of mushrooms and toadstools.[115]
There are two fields, with a disused railway line separating them. The habitats are calcareous loam and calcareous clay, both of which are unusual. The southern field has lines of medieval ridge and furrow.[117]
The site is calcareous clay grassland which has plants which were formerly common on the Huntingdonshire claylands, but are now scarce due to agricultural use. Rabbit grazing and occasional burning maintain the habitat.[124]
This medieval wood is now managed by coppicing. It is mainly ash and field maple, while the oldest parts have pedunculate oak with an understorey of hazel and hawthorn, while ground flora include early-purple orchid and yellow archangel.[128][129]
The soil in this wood is heavy and often waterlogged, conditions which suit meadowsweet and oxlip. The numbers of oxlip declined from around 2 million to 250,000 due to the pressure of excessive numbers of deer, but they have revived since the construction of a fence in 2002. A parish boundary fence is estimated to date from the eleventh century or earlier, and it has high wildlife value.[133][134]
The site is steeply sloping chalk grassland, which has many plants which are unique in the county, and some which are nationally uncommon, such as wild candytuft. Also present is the nationally rare great pignut.[144]
Holme Fen is described by Natural England as the finest example of birch woodland in lowland Britain. Part of it was a mere which was drained in the nineteenth century, and some relict wetland plants survive such as saw sedge and fen wood-rush.[146] It is part of the Great Fen project, which aims to create a 3,700 hectares (9,100 acres) wetland wildlife area.[147]
The western part of this wood is ancient pedunculate oak, with other trees including ash and field maple, with hazel and hawthorn in the shrub layer. The newer eastern woodland is elm and ash. There is a variety of mosses. The site has been extensively used by Cambridge University for research and teaching.[165]
The site is described by Natural England as one of Britain's most important lowland woods. It is mainly of the wet ash-maple type, and trees include the rare wild service tree. There is ground flora typical of ancient woodland, together with woodland rides, ponds, streams and herb-rich grassland.[168][22]
This is one of Britain's few remaining areas of washland, which are viewed by Natural England as vital for the survival of wildfowl and waders. Wintering wildfowls include wigeons and Bewick's swans. The rich flora in ditches include uncommon species such as frogbit and flowering rush.[174]
This extensive area of disused brick clay workings has the largest known population in Britain of great crested newts. There are ten species of stonewort, including Chara canescens, which was previously thought to be extinct in Britain, and four other nationally rare species.[177]
The Washes are internationally significant for wintering and breeding wildfowl and waders, especially teal, pintails, wigeons, shovelers, pochards and Bewick's swans. The site also has rich aquatic fauna and flora, and areas of unimproved grassland.[7]
This site is the largest elm woodland in the county. It was seriously affected by Dutch elm disease, but many trees have regenerated from their bases, and the mixture of new growth and dead wood provides a very good habitat for insects and birds.[192]
The site is an alluvial flood meadow, and one of the largest areas of grassland which is still traditionally managed as a Lammas meadow. Watercourses have some unusual invertebrates, including the nationally restricted dragonfly Libellula fulva.[200]
This site has spring fed peat meadows on chalk, a habitat formerly common but now rare. It has the nationally rare flower Selinum carvifolia, which is only found in Cambridgeshire. Drier grassland has a varied flora including spotted-orchid.[206]
The succession of sedimentary layers in the Fens in the Holocene epoch, the period since the last ice age, was determined on the basis of this site. It is particularly important for dating the "Fen Clay transgression" of the sea into the Fens in the Neolithic.[209][210]
The meadows are on peat overlying spring-fed chalk, with a variety of soil conditions. Some areas are dry calcareous pasture, and others are wet neutral and marshy acidic grassland. Flowering plants include the nationally rare umbelliferCambridge milk-parsley.[212]
This is one of the few surviving areas of neutral grassland in the county, where ridge and furrow from medieval ploughing can be seen. There is a rich variety of species, such as red fescue in drier areas, and salad burnet in damper ones.[218]
This site is a rare example of unimproved grassland on the Jurassic limestone of eastern England. It has typical limestone plants such as purple milk-vetch and clustered bellflower. Mature hedgerows provide additional habitats for wildlife.[221]
This site on the east bank of the River Great Ouse has grassland, willow carr, ditches and ponds, which support diverse wildlife species. The grassland is traditionally maintained by grazing, and herbs in wetter areas include marsh orchids and marsh arrow grass.[225]
This site has calcareous grassland on Jurassic limestone and base-poor marshy neutral grassland. The base poor areas have a diverse variety of plant species, including some which are locally uncommon.[229]
This ancient wood is of the ash/maple type, which has a high conservation value as it has a restricted and declining distribution. Other trees include hazel and pedunculate oak. There is also a population of the rare oxlip.[231]
The site has two fields with neutral pastures which range from dry to marshy. These lowland habitats are now rare. Wetland herbs include ragged robin, fleabane and purple loosestrife.[233][234]
The site has rare alder carr and fen habitats, enhanced by ditches and ponds, with a wide variety of invertebrates. The main vegetation is alder, ash, willow and guelder rose.[236]
This is described by Natural England as an important site dating to the Anglian ice age around 450,000 years ago. It also has the most extensive collection of paleolithic stone tools in the county, which are thought to date to the Cromerian Stage, which preceded the Anglian.[239][240]
This site shows exposes rocks of Oxfordian age, around 160 million years ago. It was then a sea which was connected to the Tethys Ocean, and it has many Tethyan invertebrate fossils. It is described by Natural England as "an essential site for the study of Oxfordian palaeontology and palaeogeography in the English midlands".[243]
This site has rocks dating to the Oxfordianstage, around 160 million years ago. It was then a coral reef, and has fossils of bivalves and ammonites, as well as corals, which show affinities with the fauna of the Tethys Ocean. It is described by Natural England as a key site in study of the Oxfordian.[248]
The site has three fields on calcareous clay with poor drainage, a type of pasture now very rare, and was described by Derek Ratcliffe as having "an outstandingly rich and diverse flora".[250] One of the fields, which is agriculturally unimproved, has medieval ridge and furrow.[252]
This is a south-facing slope, with Jurassic limestone grassland and a flush lower down which has a wide variety of wet-loving plants, including some which are rare in the county. The ecology is maintained by avoiding the use of fertilisers and herbicides, and by grazing.[255]
These woods have high conservation value because they are ancient ash and maple, and this habitat has sharply declined in extent since 1945. The woods have diverse flora and fauna, particularly invertebrates.[258]
According to Natural England this "unrivalled Oxfordian section shows more than 20 metres (66 ft) of Upper Oxford Clay". It has ammonite fossils dating to the Late Jurassic, around 160 million years ago.[261]
The site has a variety of woodland types, some of which are rare in Britain, including plateau alderwood. There are ancient woodland plants such as yellow archangel and toothwort.[268]
Habitats in this site include a stream together with associated marsh, tall fen and willow carr. The carr has a varied flora, and the marsh has many plants rare in the county. There are also springs, which have mosses including the uncommon cratoneuron commutatum.[270]
This is an example of a fen habitat, which is now rare in Britain, with grassland, scrub, ponds and ditches. The dominant fen species is common reed, which is present in dense stands, together with plants such as purple loosestrife and meadow rue. Herbs include harebell and field scabious.[278]
^ ab"Ouse Washes citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
^ ab"Delph Bridge Drain citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
^ ab"Ely Pits and Meadows citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
^"Adventurers' Land citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
^"Alder Carr citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
^"Aversley Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
^"Balsham Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
^"Barnack Hills and Holes". Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Archived from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
^"Barnack Hills & Holes citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
^"Barrington Chalk Pit citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
^"Barrington Pit citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
^"Bassenhally Pit citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
^"Bedford Purlieus citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
^"Berry Fen citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
^"Bonemills Hollow citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
^"Fordham Woods". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
^"Brackland Rough citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived from the original(PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
^"Brampton Meadow citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
^"Brampton Racecourse citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
^"Brampton Wood". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 3 July 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
^"Brampton Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
^ ab"Buff Wood". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 23 August 2016. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
^"Caldecote Meadows citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
^"Cam Washes citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
^"Carlton Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
^"Castor Flood Meadows citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^Ratcliffe, A Nature Conservation Review, pp. 57–58, 141
^"Castor Hanglands citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^"East Pit". Local Nature Reserves. Natural England. 20 February 2013. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^"Cherry Hinton Chalk Pits". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^"Cherry Hinton Pit citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived from the original(PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^"Chettisham Meadow". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
^"Chettisham Meadow citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
^"Dernford Fen citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
^"Devil's Dyke citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^"Dogsthorpe Star Pit". Local Nature Reserves. Natural England. 20 February 2013. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^"Dogsthorpe Star Pit". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^"Dogsthorpe Star Pit citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^"Elsworth Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
^"Roswell Pits". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
^"Eye Gravel Pit citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
^"Fleam Dyke citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
^ ab"Fulbourn Fen". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
^"Fulbourn Fen citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
^"Furze Hill citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
^"Gamlingay Wood". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
^"Gamlingay Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
^"Gog Magog Golf Course citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
^"Grafham Water". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
^"Grafham Water citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
^"Great Wilbraham Common citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
^ ab"Hardwick Wood". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
^"Hardwick Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
^ abRatcliffe, A Nature Conservation Review, p. 56
^"Hayley Wood". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
^"Hayley Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
^"Welcome to Hayley Wood"(PDF). Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived(PDF) from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
^"Arthur's Meadow". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 26 July 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
^"Hemingford Grey Meadow citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
^"Hildersham Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
^"Histon Road citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
^"Holme Fen citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
^"Great Fen". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
^ ab"Houghton Meadows". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
^ ab"Shepreth L Moor". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
^"L-Moor, Shepreth citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
^"Langley Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
^"Little Catworth Meadow citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
^"Little Paxton Pits". Local Nature Reserves. Natural England. 21 February 2013. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
^"Little Paxton Pits citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
^"Little Paxton Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
^"Madingley Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
^"Nene Washes citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
^"Orton Pit". Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Archived from the original on 1 November 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
^"Orton Pit citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
^"Orwell Clunch Pit citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
^Pickton, Clive (2012). "Orwell Clunch Pit". Orwell Past & Present. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
^"Ouse Washes". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
^"Out and Plunder Woods citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
^ ab"Overhall Grove". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
^"Papworth Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2016.
^"Park Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
^"Perry Woods citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
^ ab"Portholme citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
^"Portholme". Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Archived from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
^"Roman Road citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
^"Sawston Hall Meadows citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
^"Shippea Hill citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2016.
^"Snailwell Meadows citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
^"Soham Meadow". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
^"Soham Wet Horse Fen citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
^"Southorpe Meadow". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^"Southorpe Meadow citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^"Southorpe Paddock". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^"Southorpe Paddock citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^"Southorpe Roughs citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^"St Neots Common citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
^"Stow-Cum-Quy Fen citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
^"Sutton Heath and Bog citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
^"Ten Wood citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
^"Thriplow Meadows citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
^"Map of Thriplow Meadows". Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
^"Thriplow Peat Holes citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
^"Traveller's Rest Pit citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
^"Upware Bridge Pit North citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
^"Upware North Pit citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
^"Upware South Pit citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
^ abRatcliffe, A Nature Conservation Review, p. 139
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^"Wistow Wood". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
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^"Whitewater Valley citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
^"Wicken Fen citation"(PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived(PDF) from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
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^ ab"Woodwalton Marsh". Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. Archived from the original on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
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Sources
Ratcliffe, Derek, ed. (1977). A Nature Conservation Review. Vol. 2. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-21403-3.