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Elections in Liechtenstein have been held since the ratification of the 1862 constitution in which the Landtag of Liechtenstein was established. Political parties did not exist in Liechtenstein until they were formed in 1918.^[1]^[2] Before the ratification of the 1921 constitution, the head of government was not elected, but rather appointed by the prince of Liechtenstein, thus elections were only held to elect members of the Landtag.^[3]^[4] Under the constitution general elections are held for the members of the Landtag of Liechtenstein, who then elect the prime minister. As of 2021, there have been 48 general elections held in Liechtenstein.

In 1939 the voting system was changed to introduce proportional representation.^[5] The Landtag had 15 seats until a referendum in 1988 increased this to 25.^[6] Women were not allowed to vote in elections until 1984 when universal male suffrage was replaced with universal suffrage in the constitution.^[7]

List of elections

List of general elections (1862–present)
Election	No.	Date(s)	Elected prime minister^[a]	Winning party		Winning vote share	Seat majority	Ref(s).
1862	1	24 November 1862	Karl Freiherr Haus von Hausen		—	—	—	^[8]
1866	2	3 May 1866
1869	3	29 April 1869
1872	4	March 1872
1875	5	8 May 1875
1877	6	30 April – 18 October 1877
1878	7	15–16 May 1878
1882	8	2–3 May 1882
1886	9	19–20 April 1886	Carl von In der Maur
1890	10	12–16 April 1890	Carl von In der Maur
1894	11	16–17 May 1894	Friedrich Stellwag von Carion
1898	12	11–12 May 1898	Carl von In der Maur
1902	13	3–4 September 1902
1906	14	28–30 July 1906
1910	15	2–4 August 1910
1914	16	30 September – 2 October 1914	Leopold Freiherr von Imhof
1918	17	11–18 March 1918	Leopold Freiherr von Imhof					^[8]^[9]
1922	18	5–16 February 1922	Gustav Schädler		CSVP		11
Jan 1926	19	10–24 January 1926					9
Apr 1926	20	5 April 1926					9
1928	21	15–29 July 1928	Josef Hoop		FBP		11
1930	22	16 March 1930					15
1932	23	6–13 March 1932					13
1936	24	13–16 February 1936					11
1939	25	4 April 1939					8	^[8]^[10]
1945	26	29 April 1945				54.72%		^[8]^[11]
1949	27	6 February 1949	Alexander Frick			52.93%
Feb 1953	28	15 February 1953				50.54%
Jun 1953	29	14 June 1953				50.43%
1957	30	1 September 1957				52.36%
1958	31	23 March 1958				54.47%	9
1962	32	25 March 1962				47.18%	8
1966	33	6 February 1966	Gerard Batliner			48.47%
1970	34	1 February 1970	Alfred Hilbe		VU	49.57%		^[12]
1974	35	1–3 February 1974	Walter Kieber		FBP	50.08%		^[13]
1978	36	3 February 1978	Hans Brunhart		VU	50.85%		^[14]
1982	37	5–7 February 1982				53.47%		^[15]
1986	38	31 January – 2 February 1986				50.19%		^[16]
1989	39	March 1989				47.15%	13^[b]	^[17]
Feb 1993	40	7 February 1993	Markus Büchel		FBP	44.19%	11	^[18]
Oct 1993	41	24 October 1993	Mario Frick		VU	50.12%	13	^[19]
1997	42	2 February 1997	Mario Frick		VU	49.23%		^[20]
2001	43	9–11 February 2001	Otmar Hasler		FBP	49.90%		^[21]
2005	44	13 March 2005	Otmar Hasler		FBP	48.74%	12	^[22]
2009	45	8 February 2009	Klaus Tschütscher		VU	47.61%	13	^[23]
2013	46	3 February 2013	Adrian Hasler		FBP	40.00%	10	^[24]
2017	47	5 February 2017	Adrian Hasler		FBP	35.24%	9	^[25]
2021	48	7 February 2021	Daniel Risch		VU	35.89%	10	^[26]
2025	49	9 February 2025	TBD	TBD		TBD	TBD	^[27]

^ Until 1921, the office was known as 'State Administrator' or 'Governor', and it was appointed directly by the prince
^ First election to have 25 Landtag seats instead of 15

References

^ Marxer, Wilfred; Fabian, Frommelt (31 December 2011). "Wahlen". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 28 August 2024.
^ "History". Fürstentum Liechtenstein. Government of Liechtenstein Marketing. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
^ Wille, Herbert (31 December 2011). "Verfassung". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
^ "Mitglieder der Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein 1862-2021" (PDF). www.regierung.li. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
^ Nohlen & Stöver 2010, p. 1159.
^ Nohlen & Stöver 2010, p. 1175.
^ Love, Juliet; O'Brien, Jillian; et al., eds. (30 November 2002). Western Europe 2003 (5th ed.). Europa Publications. ISBN 978-1-85743-152-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Vogt 1987.
^ Nohlen & Stöver 2010, pp. 1165–1182.
^ Nohlen & Stöver 2010, p. 1179.
^ Nohlen & Stöver 2010, p. 1165.
^ Liechtenstein 1970 Archived 2012-06-16 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union
^ Liechtenstein 1974 Archived 2013-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union
^ Liechtenstein 1978 Archived 2013-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union
^ Liechtenstein 1982 Archived 2013-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union
^ Liechtenstein 1986 Archived 2013-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union
^ Liechtenstein 1989 Archived 2012-07-16 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union
^ Nohlen & Stöver 2010, pp. 1181–1183.
^ Liechtenstein October 1993 Archived 2013-10-04 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union
^ Liechtenstein 1997 Archived 2023-05-06 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union
^ "Landtagswahlen 2001". Fürstentum Liechtenstein Landtagswahlen (in German). Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
^ "Landtagswahlen 2005". Fürstentum Liechtenstein Landtagswahlen (in German). Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
^ "Landtagswahlen 2009". Fürstentum Liechtenstein Landtagswahlen (in German). Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
^ "Landtagswahlen 2013". Fürstentum Liechtenstein Landtagswahlen (in German). Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
^ "Landtagswahlen 2017". Fürstentum Liechtenstein Landtagswahlen (in German). Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
^ "Landtagswahlen 2021". Fürstentum Liechtenstein Landtagswahlen (in German). Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
^ "Termin für Landtagswahlen steht: 9. Februar 2025". Liechtensteiner Vaterland (in German). 13 March 2024. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.

Bibliography

Nohlen, Dieter; Stöver, Philip (2010). Elections in Europe: A data handbook. Nomos. ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7.
Vogt, Paul (1987). 125 Jahre Landtag (in German). Vaduz: Landtag of the Principality of Liechtenstein.

[b-9] Until 1921, the office was known as 'State Administrator' or 'Governor', and it was appointed directly by the prince

[c-18] First election to have 25 Landtag seats instead of 15

[1] Marxer, Wilfred; Fabian, Frommelt (31 December 2011). "Wahlen". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 28 August 2024.

[2] "History". Fürstentum Liechtenstein. Government of Liechtenstein Marketing. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2014.

[3] Wille, Herbert (31 December 2011). "Verfassung". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.

[officehistory-4] "Mitglieder der Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein 1862-2021" (PDF). www.regierung.li. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.

[FOOTNOTENohlenStöver20101159-5] Nohlen & Stöver 2010, p. 1159.

[FOOTNOTENohlenStöver20101175-6] Nohlen & Stöver 2010, p. 1175.

[7] Love, Juliet; O'Brien, Jillian; et al., eds. (30 November 2002). Western Europe 2003 (5th ed.). Europa Publications. ISBN 978-1-85743-152-0.

[FOOTNOTEVogt1987-8] Vogt 1987.

[FOOTNOTENohlenStöver20101165–1182-10] Nohlen & Stöver 2010, pp. 1165–1182.

[FOOTNOTENohlenStöver20101179-11] Nohlen & Stöver 2010, p. 1179.

[FOOTNOTENohlenStöver20101165-12] Nohlen & Stöver 2010, p. 1165.

[13] Liechtenstein 1970 Archived 2012-06-16 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union

[14] Liechtenstein 1974 Archived 2013-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union

[15] Liechtenstein 1978 Archived 2013-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union

[16] Liechtenstein 1982 Archived 2013-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union

[17] Liechtenstein 1986 Archived 2013-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union

[19] Liechtenstein 1989 Archived 2012-07-16 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union

[FOOTNOTENohlenStöver20101181–1183-20] Nohlen & Stöver 2010, pp. 1181–1183.

[21] Liechtenstein October 1993 Archived 2013-10-04 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union

[22] Liechtenstein 1997 Archived 2023-05-06 at the Wayback Machine Inter-Parliamentary Union

[23] "Landtagswahlen 2001". Fürstentum Liechtenstein Landtagswahlen (in German). Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.

[24] "Landtagswahlen 2005". Fürstentum Liechtenstein Landtagswahlen (in German). Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.

[25] "Landtagswahlen 2009". Fürstentum Liechtenstein Landtagswahlen (in German). Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.

[26] "Landtagswahlen 2013". Fürstentum Liechtenstein Landtagswahlen (in German). Archived from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.

[27] "Landtagswahlen 2017". Fürstentum Liechtenstein Landtagswahlen (in German). Archived from the original on 4 May 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2024.

[28] "Landtagswahlen 2021". Fürstentum Liechtenstein Landtagswahlen (in German). Archived from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2024.

[29] "Termin für Landtagswahlen steht: 9. Februar 2025". Liechtensteiner Vaterland (in German). 13 March 2024. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 15 March 2024.

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PROFILPELAJAR.COM

List of Liechtenstein general elections

List of elections

See also

References

Bibliography

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