Li Shangfu

In this Chinese name, the family name is Li.
General
Li Shangfu
李尚福
Li in 2023
State Councilor of the People's Republic of China
In office
12 March 2023 – 24 October 2023
PremierLi Qiang
13th Minister of National Defense
In office
12 March 2023 – 24 October 2023
PremierLi Qiang
CMC ChairmanXi Jinping
Preceded byWei Fenghe
Succeeded byDong Jun
Head of the Equipment Development Department
In office
September 2017 – October 2022
Preceded byZhang Youxia
Succeeded byXu Xueqiang
Commander of the China Manned Space Program
In office
September 2017 – October 2022
Preceded byZhang Youxia
Succeeded byXu Xueqiang
Personal details
BornFebruary 1958 (age 66)
Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Political partyChinese Communist Party (1980–2024; expelled)
Alma mater
Military service
Allegiance People's Republic of China
Branch/service People's Liberation Army Ground Force
People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force
Years of service1982–2024
Rank General
(stripped in 2024)

Li Shangfu (Chinese: 李尚福; pinyin: Lǐ Shàngfú; born February 1958) is a Chinese aerospace engineer and former military administrator. He served as the 13th Minister of National Defense and as State Councillor of China from March to October 2023.

Li joined the People's Liberation Army (PLA) as a technician at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in 1982. He spent 31 years working at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, including 10 years as the center director. Li Shangfu served as deputy director of the PLA General Armaments Department from 2014 to 2016 and director of the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission (CMC) from 2017 to 2022. He was conferred the rank of General in July 2019 and was appointed as a member of the CMC in October 2022. He was appointed as the 13th Minister of National Defense and as State Councillor in March 2023.

In August 2023, Li disappeared from public view and was then removed from office on October 24, 2023. He is both the shortest-serving Minister of National Defense and the first from the PLA Strategic Support Force. In June 2024, he was expelled from the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) following corruption charges and his case transferred to the military's judiciary for criminal prosecution, and his rank of General revoked.

Early life

Li Shangfu was born in February 1958 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, with his ancestral home in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province. He is the son of Li Shaozhu (Chinese: 李绍珠), a Red Army veteran and former high-ranking officer of the PLA Railway Force [zh].[1] Li Shangfu joined the PLA when he entered the National University of Defense Technology in 1978, and joined the CCP in June 1980. After graduating in 1982, he began working at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center as a technician.[2][3]

Li attained a Doctor of Engineering in control theory and control engineering from Chongqing University.[3]

Career

In December 2003, he was promoted to Director (Commander) of the center at the age of 45. In 2006, he attained the rank of major general.[2] In his ten years as director of the Xichang center, Li oversaw several rocket launches, including the launch of the Chang'e 2 lunar probe in October 2010.[4]

After 31 years working in Xichang, Li was appointed Chief of Staff of the PLA General Armaments Department (GAD) in 2013, replacing Major General Shang Hong.[1][2] A year later, he was made deputy director of the GAD.[2]

Zhang Youxia, Li and the Chinese delegation in Moscow, Russia in 2017

In 2016, Li was appointed Deputy Commander of the newly established PLA Strategic Support Force, which is responsible for cyberspace, space, and other high-tech warfare. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general in the same year.[2] In September 2017, Li was appointed Director of the Equipment Development Department of the CMC, the successor department of the GAD, replacing General Zhang Youxia.[2]

In October 2017, Li was elected a member of the 19th CCP Central Committee.[5]

Li Shangfu was conferred the rank of major general in July 2006. In August 2016, he was conferred the rank of lieutenant general. In July 2019, he was conferred the rank of general.[6]

Central Military Commission

In October 2022, he was nominated as a member of the 20th CMC of the CCP by Party general secretary Xi Jinping.[7] He ranked first among the members of the CMC.[7]

On January 18, 2023, Li Shangfu attended the CMC promotion ceremony, and was appointed State Councilor and Minister of National Defense on March 12 of the same year, succeeding Wei Fenghe.[8] According to The Diplomat, Li's promotion reflects Chinese attempts to prioritize aerospace in its defense modernization program, against a backdrop of increasing technological competition between China and the United States.[9]

Li at the SCO defense ministers' meeting in New Delhi, India, 28 April 2023

On April 17, 2023, Li made his first overseas visit to Russia. As part of his four-day visit, he met with Russian president Vladimir Putin and Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu in Moscow. During his meeting, he stated the ties between China and Russia ‘surpass military-political alliances of the Cold War era’.[10][11] On April 28, he met with Indian Minister of Defense Rajnath Singh as part of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation defense ministers' meeting in New Delhi, India, making it the first visit to India by a Chinese Defense Minister since the 2020 border skirmishes between Indian and Chinese troops.[12]

In June 2023, at the 2023 IISS Shangri-La Dialogue in Singapore, Li made public comments stating that war with the United States would be an unbearable disaster and that both the United States and China needed to seek more common ground in the wake of recent escalations between the two countries.[13]

Removal

In September 2023, Reuters reported that Li was under anti-corruption investigations by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CMC (CMCCDI).[14] His absence had been observed and speculated on by U.S. government officials, who told the Financial Times they believed that Li was under investigation.[15]

On 24 October 2023, the sixth meeting of the Standing Committee of the 14th National People's Congress (NPC) decided to remove Li Shangfu from the posts of State Councilor and Minister of National Defense and remove Qin Gang from the post of State Councilor.[16][17] He was also removed from the CMC.[17] With a tenure of seven months, Li is the shortest-serving minister of national defense of the People's Republic of China.[18] His last public appearance was on 29 August 2023, when he delivered a speech at a security forum with African nations held in Beijing.[17] On 4 March 2024, NPC spokesperson Lou Qinjian announced Li was no longer a delegate to the NPC,[19] though there had been no official announcements on Li's dismissal or resignation until 13 September 2024, when the Standing Committee of the 14th NPC announced Li's dismissal.[20]

On 27 June 2024, the CCP Politburo announced that Li, along with former defense minister Wei Fenghe, have been expelled from the party for "disciplinary and law violations", and the case has been referred to the PLA's procuratorial organs for criminal prosecution, with Li being accused of accepting financial bribes as well as bribing others. Both the men were also stripped of their rank of general.[21][22] In July 2024, the 3rd Plenary Session of the 20th CCP Central Committee confirmed the decision to expel Li.[23]

Disputes

U.S. sanctions

On 20 September 2018, Li Shangfu, along with the Equipment Development Department, were sanctioned by the U.S. government for "engaging in significant transactions with persons" sanctioned under United States federal law CAATSA, namely for transactions that involved "Russia's transfer to China of Su-35 combat aircraft and S-400 surface-to-air missile system-related equipment."[24][25][26] As a result, he is included in the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List.[27] Despite the sanctions imposed on him by the United States, he would be allowed to conduct official meetings with his American counterparts although an exemption will not be issued to waive his sanction designation.[28][29]

On 21 May 2023, U.S. President Joe Biden stated that his administration was considering lifting sanctions on Li,[30] though later in a press briefing on 22 May, U.S. State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller stated that the United States is not considering lifting sanctions.[31]

References

  1. ^ a b 七大军区岗位调动超30人 史鲁泽直升北京军区参谋长. Phoenix News (in Chinese). 8 January 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Lei, Zhao (19 September 2017). "PLA says chief of its arms wing replaced". China Daily.
  3. ^ a b 李尚福简历. People's Daily (in Simplified Chinese). 2023-03-13. Archived from the original on 2023-03-15. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
  4. ^ 李尚福任军委装备发展部部长 从事航天30余年. Sina (in Chinese). 18 September 2017.
  5. ^ "List of members of the 19th CPC Central Committee". Xinhua News Agency. 24 October 2017. Archived from the original on October 25, 2017.
  6. ^ "中央军委举行晋升上将军衔警衔仪式 习近平颁发命令状并向晋衔的军官警官表示祝贺_滚动新闻_中国政府网". www.gov.cn. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  7. ^ a b Jash, Amrita (December 8, 2022). "The 20th Central Military Commission: Personnel and Priorities". Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 2023-04-19.
  8. ^ "[视频]中央军委举行晋升上将军衔仪式 习近平颁发命令状并向晋衔的军官表示祝贺". tv.cctv.com. Retrieved 2023-03-12.
  9. ^ Clay, Marcus (2023-02-27). "Who Is Li Shangfu, China's Next Defense Minister?". The Diplomat. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
  10. ^ "China's defence minister and Putin vow to strengthen military cooperation". The Guardian. 2023-04-17. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  11. ^ Wang, Amber (2023-04-17). "Russia and China show solidarity as Chinese defence minister Li Shangfu heads to Moscow". South China Morning Post. Retrieved April 18, 2023.
  12. ^ "SCO: China defence minister in India amid border tensions". BBC. 2023-04-28. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  13. ^ "Li Shangfu: War with US would be unbearable disaster, says China defence minister". BBC News. 2023-06-04. Retrieved 2023-06-04.
  14. ^ "Chinese defence minister under investigation for corrupt procurement". Reuters. 2023-09-15. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
  15. ^ Sevastopulo, Demetri (2023-09-14). "Chinese defence minister under investigation by Beijing, US believes". Financial Times. Retrieved 2023-09-15.
  16. ^ Zhu Ying (朱英). "十四届全国人大常委会第六次会议在京闭幕__中国政府网". www.gov.cn. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  17. ^ a b c NEWS, KYODO. "China removes defense minister Li after nearly 2-month absence". Kyodo News+. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  18. ^ "China ousts 'missing' Li Shangfu as defence minister". The Week. 2023-10-24. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  19. ^ "娄勤俭回答《联合早报》记者：李尚福已经不是人大代表 不能参加两会" [Lou Qinjian replied to a reporter from "Lianhe Zaobao": Li Shangfu is no longer a deputy to the National People's Congress and cannot participate in the two sessions]. Lianhe Zaobao. 4 March 2024. Retrieved 30 March 2024.
  20. ^ "受权发布丨全国人民代表大会常务委员会公告〔十四届〕第六号-新华网" (in Simplified Chinese). Xinhua News Agency. 13 September 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  21. ^ "CPC expels former Chinese defense minister Li Shangfu". Xinhua News Agency. 2024-06-27. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
  22. ^ "China's Communist Party expels former defence ministers Li Shangfu, Wei Fenghe for corruption". Channel NewsAsia. 2024-06-27. Retrieved 2024-06-27.
  23. ^ Xiao, Josh; Choong Wilkins, Rebecca (18 July 2024). "China Ousts Ex-Foreign Minister Qin Gang From Central Committee". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  24. ^ US sanctions Chinese military for buying Russian weapons CNN, 21 September 2018.
  25. ^ U.S. sanctions China for buying Russian fighter jets, missiles Reuters, 20 September 2018.
  26. ^ CAATSA Section 231: "Addition of 33 Entities and Individuals to the List of Specified Persons and Imposition of Sanctions on the Equipment Development Department" U.S. Department of State, September 20, 2018.
  27. ^ "Li Shangfu". Office of Assets Control. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
  28. ^ Ching, Nike (2023-03-20). "US: Sanctions on China's New Defense Chief Not a Hurdle for Military Talks". Voice of America. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
  29. ^ Chan, Minnie (2023-03-14). "Are US sanctions on China's new defence chief the real barrier to dialogue?". South China Morning Post. Retrieved April 19, 2023.
  30. ^ Sevastopulo, Demetri (21 May 2023). "Joe Biden expects imminent 'thaw' in China relations". Financial Times. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  31. ^ Lindberg, Kari Soo (23 May 2023). "US Now Says No Plan to Lift Sanctions on China Defense Minister". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
Military offices
Preceded by Director of the Xichang Satellite Launch Center
2003–2013 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chief of Staff of the Headquarters of the General Armament Department of the People's Liberation Army
2013–2014 		Succeeded by
New title Chief of Staff of the People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force
2016–2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Commander of the China Manned Space Program
2017–2022 		Succeeded by
Head of the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission
2017–2022
Government offices
Preceded by
General Wei Fenghe
 Minister of National Defense
2023 		Succeeded by
Admiral Dong Jun

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