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Leptolalax
	Leptolalax melanoleucus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Megophryidae
Genus:	Leptolalax; Dubois, 1980
Type species
	Leptolalax bourreti; Dubois, 1983
Species
	50, see text

Leptolalax is a genus of frogs (order Anura) in the family Megophryidae. They are sometimes known as Asian toads, metacarpal-tubercled toads, or slender litter frogs, although many species-specific common names do not follow these conventions, and many species do not have common names. They are widely distributed in southeastern and eastern Asia, from southern China and northeastern India to the Malay Peninsula and Borneo.^[1] Leptolalax are typically small and have a cryptic colour pattern and no obvious morphological characters useful in systematic studies. Consequently, both molecular genetic analyses and analysis of advertisement calls by male frogs have been important in identifying new species.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Two subgenera are recognized: Leptolalax and Lalos (the latter was first named as Lalax, but the name was already occupied). Lalos has a more northern distribution and only includes species from the continental Asia, whereas Leptolalax includes all the species from Borneo (Leptolalax arayai, Leptolalax dringi, Leptolalax fritinniens,^[4] Leptolalax gracilis, Leptolalax hamidi, Leptolalax maurus, Leptolalax sabahmontanus, Leptolalax marmoratus and Leptolalax pictus^[5]) as well as few continental species (Leptolalax croceus, Leptolalax melicus) and Leptolalax kajangensis from Tioman Island, at least provisionally.^[1]

Most Leptolalax species have been reported from very small areas and only a few species have large areas of occurrence. Whether this distinction is real or the widespread species represent cryptic species complexes remains to be confirmed.^[3]

Species

In 2016, 50 species were known in the genus. New species are still being described, including three in 2013, four in 2014, one in 2015, and six in 2016:^[1]

Leptolalax applebyi Rowley and Cao, 2009
Leptolalax ardens Rowley et al., 2016
Leptolalax bidoupensis Rowley, Le, Tran, and Hoang, 2011^[6]
Leptolalax botsfordi Rowley, Dau, and Nguyen, 2013
Leptolalax bourreti Dubois, 1983
Leptolalax croceus Rowley, Hoang, Le, Dau, and Cao, 2010
Leptolalax dringi Dubois, 1987
Leptolalax eos Ohler, Wollenberg, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler, and Dubois, 2011
Leptolalax firthi Rowley, Hoang, Dau, and Le, 2012
Leptolalax fritinniens Dehling and Matsui, 2013^[4]
Leptolalax fuliginosus Matsui, 2006
Leptolalax gracilis (Günther, 1872)
Leptolalax hamidi Matsui, 1997
Leptolalax heteropus (Boulenger, 1900)
Leptolalax isos Rowley, Stuar, Neang, Hoang, Dau, Nguyen, and Emmett, 2015
Leptolalax kecil Matsui, Daicus, Norhayati, and Yong, 2009
Leptolalax khasiorum Das, Tron, Rangad, and Hooroo, 2010
Leptolalax lateralis (Anderson 1871)
Leptolalax laui Sung, Yang, and Wang, 2014
Leptolalax maculosus Rowley et al., 2016
Leptolalax maoershanensis Yuan et al., 2017
Leptolalax marmoratus Matsui, Zainudin, and Nishikawa, 2014
Leptolalax maurus Inger, Lakim, Biun, and Yambun, 1997
Leptolalax melanoleucus Matsui, 2006
Leptolalax melicus Rowley, Stuart, Thy, and Emmett, 2010
Leptolalax nahangensis Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov, and Ho, 1998
Leptolalax nyx Ohler, Wollenberg, Grosjean, Hendrix, Vences, Ziegler, and Dubois, 2011
Leptolalax pallidus Rowley et al., 2016
Leptolalax pelodytoides (Boulenger, 1893)
Leptolalax platycephalus Dehling, 2012
Leptolalax pluvialis Ohler, Marquis, Swan, and Grosjean, 2000
Leptolalax pyrrhops Poyarkov, Rowley, Gogoleva, Vassilieva, Galoyan & Orlov, 2015
Leptolalax sabahmontanus Matsui, Nishikawa, and Yambun, 2014
Leptolalax solus Matsui, 2006
Leptolalax sungi Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov, and Ho, 1998
Leptolalax tadungensis Rowley et al., 2016
Leptolalax tamdil Sengupta, Sailo, Lalremsanga, Das, and Das, 2010
Leptolalax tengchongensis Yang, Wang, Chen, and Rao, 2016
Leptolalax ventripunctatus Fei, Ye, and Li, 1990
Leptolalax zhangyapingi Jiang, Yan, Suwannapoom, Chomdej, and Che, 2013

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Frost, Darrel R. (2014). "Leptolalax Dubois, 1980". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 18 January 2014.
^ Matsui, M. (1997). "Call characteristics of Malaysian Leptolalax with a description of two new species (Anura: Pelobatidae)". Copeia. 1997 (1): 158–165. doi:10.2307/1447851. JSTOR 1447851.
^ ^a ^b Ohler, A.; K. C. Wollenberg; P. Grosjean; R. Hendrix; M. Vences; T. Ziegler; A. Dubois (2011). "Sorting out Lalos: description of new species and additional taxonomic data on megophryid frogs from northern Indochina (genus Leptolalax, Megophryidae, Anura)". Zootaxa. 3147: 1–83. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3147.1.1.
^ ^a ^b ^c Dehling, J.M.; Matsui, M. (2013). "A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3670 (1): 33–44. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-06. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
^ A Field Guide to the Frogs of Borneo, Third Edition
^ Rowley, J.J.L., Le, D.T.T, Tran, D.T.A., & Hoang, H.D. (2011). "A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from southern Vietnam." Zootaxa 2796: 15-28.