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Legislature VII of Italy

VII legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
Legislature VII of Italy ; VII legislatura della Repubblica Italiana
7th legislature
Type
Type	bicameral
Houses	Chamber of Deputies; Senate of the Republic
History
Founded	5 July 1976
Disbanded	19 June 1979 (2 years, 349 days)
Preceded by	VI Legislature
Succeeded by	VIII Legislature
Leadership
President of the Senate	Amintore Fanfani, DC
President of the Chamber of Deputies	Pietro Ingrao, PCI
Structure
Seats	630 (C); 315+ (S)
Chamber of Deputies political groups	DC (262); PCI (228); PSI (57); MSI (35); PSDI (15); PRI (14); DP (6); PLI (5); PR (4); Others (4);
Senate political groups	DC (135); PCI (116); PSI (29); MSI (15); PSDI (6); PRI (6); PLI (2); Others (6);
Elections
Chamber of Deputies voting system	Proportional
Senate voting system	Proportional
Last general election	20 June 1976
Meeting place
	Palazzo Montecitorio, Rome (C)
	Palazzo Madama, Rome (S)
Website
	Seventh Legislature – Chamber of Deputies; Seventh Legislature – Senate
Constitution
	Constitution of Italy

The Legislature VII of Italy (Italian: VII Legislatura della Repubblica Italiana) was the 7th legislature of the Italian Republic, and lasted from 5 July 1976 until 19 June 1979.^[1]^[2] Its composition was the one resulting from the general election of 20 June 1976.

Main chronology

After the election which officially certified the historic growth of the communists, Aldo Moro became a vocal supporter of the necessity of starting a dialogue between DC and PCI.^[3] Moro's main aim was to widen the democratic base of the government, including the PCI in the parliamentary majority: the cabinets should have been able to represent a larger number of voters and parties. According to him, the DC should have been as the centre of a coalition system based on the principles of consociative democracy.^[4] This process was known as Historic Compromise.^[5]

Between 1976 and 1977, Enrico Berlinguer's PCI broke with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, implementing, with Spanish and French communist parties, a new political ideology known as Eurocommunism. Such a move made an eventual cooperation more acceptable for Christian democratic voters, and the two parties began an intense parliamentary debate, in a moment of deep social crises.^[6]

The proposal by Moro of starting a cabinet composed by DC and PSI and externally supported by PCI was strongly opposed by both superpowers. The United States feared that the cooperation between PCI and DC might have allowed the communists to gain information on strategic NATO military plans and installations.^[7] Moreover, the participation in government of the communists in a Western country would have represented a cultural failure for the USA. On the other hand, the Soviets considered the potential participation by the Italian Communist Party in a cabinet as a form of emancipation from Moscow and rapprochement to the Americans.^[8]

The Christian democrat Giulio Andreotti, known as a staunch anti-communist, was called in to lead the first experiment of a cabinet externally supported by the communists. Andreotti's new cabinet, formed in July 1976, included only members of his own DC party but had the indirect support of the communists.^[9] The cabinet was called "the government of the not-no confidence", because it was externally supported by all the political parties in the Parliament, except for the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement.^[10] In this new climate of cooperation, on 5 July 1976 Pietro Ingrao was the first communist to be elected as President of the Chamber of Deputies.^{[citation needed]}

This cabinet fell in January 1978. In March, the crisis was overcome by the intervention of Aldo Moro, who proposed a new cabinet again formed only by DC politicians, but this time with positive confidence votes from the other parties, including the PCI. This cabinet was also chaired by Andreotti, and was formed on 11 March 1978.^{[citation needed]}

On 16 March 1978, Aldo Moro was kidnapped by the Red Brigades, an ultra-left terrorist group, on the day in which the new government was going to be sworn in before parliament. Despite the huge shock that the kidnapping and the consecutive murder of Aldo Moro caused on the Italian politics, Andreotti continued as Prime Minister of the "National Solidarity" government with the support of the PCI. During this period the Parliament passed a long list of new laws and reforms, including the creation of the Italian National Health Service, the promulgation of the Basaglia Law for the closing down of all psychiatric hospitals and the parliamentary approval of a new law to legalize abortion.^{[citation needed]}

In June 1978, the PCI gave its approval and ultimately active support to a campaign against President Giovanni Leone, accused of being involved in the Lockheed bribery scandal. This resulted in the President's resignation. The party then supported the election of the veteran socialist Sandro Pertini as President of Italy.^{[citation needed]}

Presidential election

On 29 June 1978 the Parliament and the representatives of the 20 Italian regions met to elect the sixth President of Italy. On 8 July 1978 the socialist Sandro Pertini was elected on the sixteenth ballot with 832 votes out of 1011.

Government

Prime Minister		Party	Term of office		Government	Composition
Prime Minister		Party	Took office	Left office	Government	Composition
	Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013)	Christian Democracy	29 July 1976	11 March 1978	Andreotti III	DC (with PCI's external support) (Historic Compromise)
			11 March 1978	20 March 1979	Andreotti IV	DC (with PCI's external support) (Historic Compromise)
			20 March 1979	4 August 1979	Andreotti V	DC • PSI • PSDI

Parliamentary composition

Chamber of Deputies

President: Pietro Ingrao (PCI), elected on 5 July 1976
Vice Presidents: Virginio Rognoni (DC, till 13 June 1978), Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (DC), Maria Eletta Martini (DC, from 21 June 1978), Pietro Bucalossi (PRI), Luigi Mariotti (PSI)

Parliamentary groups in the Chamber of Deputies
Parliamentary group			Seats	Parliamentary group			Seats	Change
Initial composition^[11] (5 July 1976)				Final composition^[11] (19 June 1979)
	Christian Democracy		262		Christian Democracy		263	1
	Italian Communist Party		228		Italian Communist Party		220	8
	Italian Socialist Party		57		Italian Socialist Party		57
	Italian Social Movement		35		Italian Social Movement		17	18
	Italian Social Movement		35		National Democracy		15	15
	Italian Democratic Socialist Party		15		Italian Democratic Socialist Party		15
	Italian Republican Party		14		Italian Republican Party		14
	Proletarian Democracy		6		Proletarian Democracy		5	1
	Italian Liberal Party		5		Italian Liberal Party		5
	Radical Party		4		Radical Party		5	1
	Mixed		4		Mixed		14	10
		Südtiroler Volkspartei	3			Südtiroler Volkspartei	3
						Independent–Non inscrits	9	9

Total seats			630	Total seats			630

Senate of the Republic

President: Amintore Fanfani (DC), elected on 5 July 1976
Vice Presidents: Luigi Carraro (DC), Edoardo Catellani (PSI), Dario Valori (PCI), Tullia Carettoni Romagnoli (SI)

Parliamentary groups in the Senate of the Republic
Parliamentary group			Seats	Parliamentary group			Seats	Change
Initial composition^[12] (5 July 1976)				Final composition^[12] (19 June 1979)
	Christian Democracy		135		Christian Democracy		135
	Italian Communist Party		116		Italian Communist Party		117	1
	Italian Socialist Party		29		Italian Socialist Party		29
	Italian Social Movement		15		Italian Social Movement		6	9
	Italian Social Movement		15		National Democracy		9	9
	Italian Democratic Socialist Party		6		Italian Democratic Socialist Party		8	2
	Italian Republican Party		6		Italian Republican Party		6
	Mixed		8		Mixed		8
		Italian Liberal Party	2			Italian Liberal Party	2
		Südtiroler Volkspartei	2			Südtiroler Volkspartei	2
		Independent–Non inscrits	4			Independent–Non inscrits	1	3

Total seats			315	Total seats			315

Senators for Life

Senator	Motivation	Appointed by	From	Till
Giovanni Gronchi	Former President of Italy	ex officio^{[broken anchor]}	Previous legislature	17 October 1978 (deceased)
Cesare Merzagora	Merits in the social field	President Antonio Segni	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Ferruccio Parri	Merits in the social field	President Antonio Segni	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Eugenio Montale	Merits in the literary field	President Giuseppe Saragat	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Pietro Nenni	Merits in the social field	President Giuseppe Saragat	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Giuseppe Saragat	Former President of Italy	ex officio^{[broken anchor]}	Previous legislature	Next legislature
Amintore Fanfani	Merits in the social field	President Giovanni Leone	Previous legislature	Next legislature

Giovanni Leone	Former President of Italy	ex officio^{[broken anchor]}	15 June 1978	Next legislature