Kotlas

For other uses, see Kotlas (disambiguation).

Kotlas
Котлас
Town[1]
Former headquarters of the Pechora Railway in Kotlas
Former headquarters of the Pechora Railway in Kotlas
Flag of Kotlas
Flag
Coat of arms of Kotlas
Coat of arms
Location of Kotlas
Map
Kotlas is located in Russia
Kotlas
Kotlas
Location of Kotlas
Kotlas is located in Arkhangelsk Oblast
Kotlas
Kotlas
Kotlas (Arkhangelsk Oblast)
Coordinates: 61°15′N 46°38′E / 61.250°N 46.633°E / 61.250; 46.633
CountryRussia
Federal subjectArkhangelsk Oblast[1]
Founded1890Edit this on Wikidata
Town status sinceJune 16, 1917
Area
[2]
 • Total
68.039 km2 (26.270 sq mi)
Elevation
80 m (260 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[3]
 • Total
60,562
 • Rank271st in 2010
 • Density890/km2 (2,300/sq mi)
 • Subordinated totown of oblast significance of Kotlas[4]
 • Capital oftown of oblast significance of Kotlas,[4] Kotlassky District[1]
 • Urban okrugKotlas Urban Okrug[5]
 • Capital ofKotlas Urban Okrug,[5] Kotlassky Municipal District,[5] Cheryomushskoye Rural Settlement[5]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[6])
Postal code(s)[7]
165300–165306, 165308, 165309, 165311–165313, 165398, 165399
Dialing code(s)+7 81837
OKTMO ID11710000001
Websitewww.kotlas-city.ru

Kotlas (Russian: Ко́тлас) is a town in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Population: 60,562 (2010 Census);[3] 60,647 (2002 Census);[8] 68,021 (1989 Soviet census).[9]

Kotlas is the third-largest town of Arkhangelsk Oblast in terms of population (after Arkhangelsk and Severodvinsk) and an important transport hub.

History

The place was probably inhabited from ancient times, but was only granted official town status by the Provisional Government of Russia on June 16, 1917, when it was a part of Vologda Governorate.[citation needed] In 1918, the area was transferred to the newly formed Northern Dvina Governorate, and in 1924 the uyezds were abolished in favor of the new divisions, the districts (raions). Kotlassky District was established on June 25, 1924.[10] In 1929, Northern Dvina Governorate was merged into Northern Krai, which in 1936 was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Kotlassky District remained in Arkhangelsk Oblast ever since.

Gulag

During the 1930s, Kotlas became a place to which kulaks were deported and made to work in the forestry industry. It was managed by the Kotlaslag division of Gulag. Later, it hosted all possible categories of people repressed during the Stalin era. A significant population of Poles existed in the area, with whole Polish villages resettled here in 1920s and 1930s.

Labor camps existed within the territory of the city until 1953. Besides logging and the paper industry, inmates worked at plant, housing, bridge, and railroad construction. Most of camps were unguarded barrack settlements. In addition, Kotlas was a major transit point for deportees transferred further to the north and east, since it was a railroad terminus. There is a Kotlas branch of the Sovest (Conscience) organization, which seeks to preserve the memory of those times and seek compensation for victims.

Pechora railway

The further development of Kotlas was due to the construction of the Pechora Railway. Already from 1899 Kotlas was connected by a railway line with Vyatka (currently Kirov), which was heavily used for the cargo transport of goods to and from the Northern Dvina. In 1940, the construction of the railroad connecting Konosha (on the railway stretch between Moscow and Arkhangelsk) to Vorkuta started. The railroad was needed to transport coal, timber, and later oil from the Komi Republic. The headquarters of this railroad were opened in Kotlas. In the same year, Kotlas became a separate administrative unit. In December 1941, the road was completed, and from 1942, the regular service started. Kotlas thus became an important transport hub. The headquarters of the Pechora Railway were located in Kotlas until 1959, when the railway was merged into the Northern Railway.[11]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kotlas serves as the administrative center of Kotlassky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with one work settlement (Vychegodsky) and two rural localities, incorporated separately as the town of oblast significance of Kotlas—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[4] As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Kotlas is incorporated as Kotlas Urban Okrug.[5]

Within the framework of municipal divisions, Kotlas also serves as the administrative center of Cheryomushskoye Rural Settlement, even though it is not a part of it.[5]

Economy

Kotlas is a center of timber industry and an important river port and a railroad center (situated on the railroad connecting central Russia with the Komi Republic).

The Northern Dvina and the Vychegda Rivers are navigable; there is regular passenger navigation on the Vychegda. Roads connect Kotlas with Veliky Ustyug (and eventually Vologda and Kostroma) to the South, Syktyvkar to the East, and Krasnoborsk (eventually Arkhangelsk) to the North. There is regular passenger bus traffic originating in Kotlas.

Kotlas is an important railway hub, where the railway to Kirov branches off south-east from the main railway, connecting Konosha and Vorkuta.

Kotlas is served by the Kotlas Airport and is home to the Savatiya air base.

Culture and recreation

The Church of St. Stephan of Perm

The Church of St. Stephan of Perm was built in 1788, and the adjacent bell-tower was built in 1825. Both are protected at the local level as architectural monuments, as is Narodny Dom, a wooden house built at the beginning of 20th century.[12]

Geography

Climate

Kotlas has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc).

Climate data for Kotlas
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 5.5
(41.9) 		5.2
(41.4) 		14.5
(58.1) 		26.9
(80.4) 		33.0
(91.4) 		33.9
(93.0) 		35.5
(95.9) 		35.2
(95.4) 		28.7
(83.7) 		21.6
(70.9) 		12.4
(54.3) 		5.5
(41.9) 		35.5
(95.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −9.0
(15.8) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		8.0
(46.4) 		16.3
(61.3) 		20.9
(69.6) 		23.6
(74.5) 		19.9
(67.8) 		13.7
(56.7) 		5.4
(41.7) 		−2.4
(27.7) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		6.9
(44.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −12.2
(10.0) 		−10.9
(12.4) 		−4.6
(23.7) 		2.7
(36.9) 		9.9
(49.8) 		14.8
(58.6) 		17.7
(63.9) 		14.4
(57.9) 		9.2
(48.6) 		2.7
(36.9) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		2.5
(36.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −15.8
(3.6) 		−14.6
(5.7) 		−9.0
(15.8) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		4.1
(39.4) 		9.0
(48.2) 		11.9
(53.4) 		9.7
(49.5) 		5.5
(41.9) 		0.3
(32.5) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−12.4
(9.7) 		−1.7
(28.9)
Record low °C (°F) −47.1
(−52.8) 		−44.9
(−48.8) 		−36.0
(−32.8) 		−27.2
(−17.0) 		−12.8
(9.0) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		−7.1
(19.2) 		−22.5
(−8.5) 		−40.0
(−40.0) 		−44.9
(−48.8) 		−47.1
(−52.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 39
(1.5) 		32
(1.3) 		31
(1.2) 		33
(1.3) 		49
(1.9) 		71
(2.8) 		78
(3.1) 		62
(2.4) 		55
(2.2) 		60
(2.4) 		50
(2.0) 		42
(1.7) 		602
(23.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 12 10 9 7 9 10 10 11 10 12 12 13 125
Average relative humidity (%) 85 83 78 70 67 71 75 81 85 86 88 87 80
Source 1: www.pogodaiklimat.ru[13]
Source 2: NOAA[14]

Sports

Salyut is the local bandy club.[1] Alexandr Tyukavin, a notable player voted as third best player of the Russian National Championship 2011–2012, was born in Kotlas.[15][16] In 2014 he was awarded a prize from the International Fair Play Committee.[2]

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Kotlas is twinned with:[17]

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 11 410 008», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 11 410 008, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  2. ^ Паспорт города. Котлас (in Russian). Администрация МО "Котлас". 2008. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
  3. ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  4. ^ a b c Oblast Law #65-5-OZ
  5. ^ a b c d e f Oblast Law #258-vneoch.-OZ
  6. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  7. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  8. ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  9. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  10. ^ История района (in Russian). Котласский муниципальный район. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
  11. ^ Северная железная дорога (in Russian). www.railway.te.ua. Archived from the original on January 24, 2010. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
  12. ^ Памятники истории и культуры народов Российской Федерации (in Russian). Russian Ministry of Culture. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
  13. ^ "Климат Котласа - Погода и климат" (in Russian). Retrieved December 12, 2021.
  14. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Kotlas". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
  15. ^ "Сергей Ломанов – лучший игрок XX Чемпионата России" (in Russian). bandynet.ru. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
  16. ^ Тюкавин Александр Васильевич (in Russian). Russian Bandy Federation. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
  17. ^ "Города-побратимы". kotlas-city.ru (in Russian). Kotlas. Retrieved February 5, 2020.

Sources

  • Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов. Областной закон №65-5-ОЗ от 23 сентября 2009 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Архангельской области», в ред. Областного закона №232-13-ОЗ от 16 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Областные Законы в сфере осуществления местного самоуправления и взаимодействия с некоммерческими организациями». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волна", №43, 6 октября 2009 г. (Arkhangelsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Oblast Law #65-5-OZ of September 23, 2009 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Arkhangelsk Oblast, as amended by the Oblast Law #232-13-OZ of December 16, 2014 On Amending Various Oblast Laws Dealing with the Process of Municipal Self-Government and Relations with Non-Profit Organizations. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
  • Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов. Областной закон №258-внеоч.-ОЗ от 23 сентября 2004 г. «О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области», в ред. Областного закона №224-13-ОЗ от 16 декабря 2014 г. «Об упразднении отдельных населённых пунктов Соловецкого района Архангельской области и о внесении изменения в статью 46 Областного закона "О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волна", №38, 8 октября 2004 г. (Arkhangelsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Oblast Law #258-vneoch.-OZ of September 23, 2004 On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast, as amended by the Oblast Law #224-13-OZ of December 16, 2014 On Abolishing Several Inhabited Localities in Solovetsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast and on Amending Article 46 of the Oblast Law "On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).

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Politics of Canada Government (structure) The Crown Monarch (list): Charles III Governor General (list): Mary Simon Monarchy in the provinces Lieutenant governors Royal prerogative Executive (King-in-Council) King’s Privy Council Prime minister (List of prime ministers): Justin Trudeau Cabinet (List of Canadian ministries): 29th Canadian Ministry President of the Privy Council Clerk of the Privy Council Privy Council Office Public Service Provincial and territorial executive councils Premie...

 

 

Luksong tinik

Luksong tinik in Manila, 1910. Photographic image from the Smithsonian Libraries National Anthropological Archives Luksong tinik (English: jumping over thorns) is a popular game in the Philippines. It is originated in Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, played by two teams with equal numbers of players. Each team designates a leader, the nanay (mother), while the rest of the players are called anak (children). The players chosen to be nanay are usually the ones who can jump the highest. The game involve...

Hoerudin Amin

Hoerudin AminS.Ag., M.H. Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik IndonesiaPetahanaMulai menjabat 1 Oktober 2014PresidenSusilo Bambang Yudhoyono Joko WidodoDaerah pemilihanJawa Barat XI Informasi pribadiLahir28 Mei 1974 (umur 50)Pameungpeuk, GarutPartai politikPANSuami/istriLinda MarlindaAnakMuhammad Rechanda Haidir Madan S.H. Muhammad Raja Pramudita Muhammad Rakeyan BanyuAlma materSTAI Persatuan Islam Universitas Islam BandungPekerjaanPolitikusSunting kotak info • L • ...

 

 

爱尔兰人

  关于2019年同名電影，请见「愛爾蘭人 (2019年電影)」。 爱尔兰人 Éireannaigh迈克尔·柯林斯詹姆斯·康诺利博诺乔伊斯布莱恩·奥德里斯科尔丹尼尔·欧康诺圣高隆邦布伦丹玛丽·罗宾逊安妮·伯尼爱留根纳恩雅约瑟琳·贝尔·伯奈尔理查德·坎蒂隆玛琳·奥哈拉约翰·托兰德威廉·塞西尔·坎贝尔威廉·达根约翰·L·辛格约翰·肯尼迪總人口估計8000萬人有愛爾蘭血統[1]�...