PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Kholmsk

Холмск
Kholmsk Холмск
Town
	Kholmsk Commercial Port
	Flag Coat of arms
	Location of Kholmsk
	Kholmsk Location of Kholmsk Kholmsk Kholmsk (Sakhalin Oblast)
	Coordinates: 47°03′N 142°03′E / 47.050°N 142.050°E
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Sakhalin Oblast
Administrative district	Kholmsky District
Founded	1870
Elevation	10 m (30 ft)
Population (2010 Census)
• Total	30,937
Administrative status
• Capital of	Kholmsky District
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Kholmsky Urban Okrug
• Capital of	Kholmsky Urban Okrug
Time zone	UTC+11 (MSK+8 )
Postal code(s)	694620
Dialing code(s)	+7 42433
OKTMO ID	64754000001
Town Day	the third Saturday of August
Website	admkholmsk.ru

Kholmsk (Russian: Холмск), known until 1946 as Maoka (Japanese: 真岡),^[7] is a port town and the administrative center of Kholmsky District of Sakhalin Oblast, Russia. It is located on the southwest coast of the Sakhalin Island, on coast of the gulf of Nevelsky in the Strait of Tartary of the Sea of Japan, 83 kilometers (52 mi) west of Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. Population: 30,937 (2010 Census);^[8] 35,141 (2002 Census);^[9] 51,381 (1989 Soviet census).^[10]

History

It was founded in 1870 as a military post for the Russian Army.^[11] After the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, it was transferred to Japanese control, along with the rest of southern Sakhalin, under the Treaty of Portsmouth. The Japanese renamed it Maoka (真岡), it is said to mean "quiet place" in Ainu language.

On August 20, 1945, a combined marine battalion and the 113th infantry brigade landed in Port Maoka. They were preceded by a group of scouts, landed secretively by submarine Sh-118, in the Maoka area to successfully complete their task. However, Japanese resistance was desperate, and the landing party had to fight particularly fiercely. Japanese fire set one of the coastguard vessels on fire, to which the Russian response was intense naval bombardment of the town, causing more civilian deaths. See Soviet assault on Maoka for details.

The Red Army retook the whole of Sakhalin at the end of World War II, with the town receiving its present name in 1946. The name is derived from the Russian word Kholm for hill, referring to the town's location on the hillside surrounding the harbor.

As with a number of urban areas in the Russian Far East, Kholmsk has seen a large drop in population since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the economic crisis which followed in the 1990s.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kholmsk serves as the administrative center of Kholmsky District and is subordinated to it.^[1] As a municipal division, the town of Kholmsk and twenty-three rural localities of Kholmsky District are incorporated as Kholmsky Urban Okrug.^[3]

Authorities

Local self-government in Kholmsk, as in other municipalities, is built on the principles of respect for the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, state guarantees of the rule of law, transparency, independence in resolving issues of local importance, election of bodies and officials, and their responsibility to the city population and state authorities in terms of the execution of certain state powers delegated to local self-government.

The structure of municipal self-government bodies includes:

The mayor of the city and urban district, an elected senior official;
The city Assembly of Deputies, a representative body;
The administration of the municipality, the executive body.

The city assembly is elected by the district's population once every four years. The meeting is headed by a chairman elected at the first meeting. The current fourth convocation of the Assembly consists of 20 deputies: 9 from United Russia, 9 from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, and 2 from the Liberal Democratic Party.^[12] The head of the administration is appointed under a contract concluded based on the results of a competition to fill the position for the term of office of the Assembly.

Law enforcement functions are carried out by the Department of Internal Affairs, the city court, and the city prosecutor's office. There are also federal, regional, and municipal management and control structures in the city: migration service, tax service, bailiff service, FSB department, fisheries inspection (Rosselkhoznadzor), territorial election commission, registry office, education department, employment center, social security department, military registration and enlistment office, pension fund, traffic police, private fire protection. The Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, customs, and a border post are located here.^[13]

Mayors of the city of Kholmsk and the Kholmsk urban district:^[14]

1991-1994 - Nikolai Petrovich Dolgikh
1994-1997 - Arkady Vyacheslavovich Kukin
1997-2001 - Nikolai Petrovich Dolgikh
2001-2005 — Alexander Petrovich Gusto
2005-2007 — Alexey Veniaminovich Vybornov
2007-2011 — Alexander Petrovich Gusto
2011-2015 — Oleg Petrovich Nazarenko
2015-2018 — Andrey Modestovich Sukhomesov
c 20.12.2018 — Alexey Anatolyevich Letechin
c 2019 — Dmitry Henrikhovich Lyubchinov

Economy and transport

Kholmsk is an important seaport for Sakhalin Island. Since 1973, it has been the Sakhalin terminal of a Vanino-Kholmsk train ferry to the port of Vanino on the Russian mainland, connecting the mainline rail network with that of the island.^[15]

Until 2019, Sakhalin railways continued to use the Japanese gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in), which required that railcars coming from the Russian mainland to have their bogies changed in Kholmsk.^[16] The island's narrow gauge railway network underwent conversion to Russian broad gauge in August 2019.^[17]

It's the largest transport center on Sakhalin, which includes a non-freezing seaport with 2 terminals, 3 railway stations and a knot of highways. Kholmsk is connected with Vanino port by the Kholmsk—Vanino sea railway passenger-and-freight ferry. From the town, the federal highway R495 Kholmsk—Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk begins. Kholmsk is a large economic, industrial and cultural center of the Sakhalin Oblast, a center of sea fishery and ship repair.

Twin towns and sister cities

Kholmsk is twinned with:

Ansan, South Korea^[18]
Otaru, Japan^[19]
Kushiro, Japan (since 1975)^[20]

References

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Law #25-ZO
^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
^ ^a ^b ^c Law #524
^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
^ Телефонные коды Сахалина - Dialing codes of Sakhalin Archived December 17, 2017, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
^ Irish, Ann (2009). Hokkaido: A History of Ethnic Transition and Development on Japan's Northern Island. McFarland. p. 265.
^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
^ Тарасов, А. В.; фанасьев, Н. А.; Костанов, А. И. (2005). Морские ворота Сахалина: городу-порту Холмску [Sea Gate of Sakhalin: The City-Port of Kholmsk] (in Russian). p. 17.
^ "Собрание муниципального образования "Холмский городской округ" четвёртого созыва" [Meeting of the municipal formation "Kholmsky urban district" of the fourth convocation] (in Russian). Administration of Kholmsky urban district. Archived from the original on August 1, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
^ Tarasov 2010, p. 15-16.
^ Tarasov 2010, p. 123.
^ SASCO: Vanino-Kholmsk Archived February 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
^ Сахалинская узкоколейная железная дорога (The narrow-gauge railways of Sakhalin) Archived August 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
^ "Российская колея по всему Сахалину: движение открыто".
^ Partnership between Russia and S.Korea
^ Sakhalin region: Kholmsk was visited by economic delegation from Otaru (Japan)
^ The Russian presence in Japan

Sources

Сахалинская областная Дума. Закон №25-ЗО от 23 марта 2011 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Сахалинской области», в ред. Закона №62-ЗО от 27 июня 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 10 Закона Сахалинской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Сахалинской области"». Вступил в силу 9 апреля 2011 г.. Опубликован: "Губернские ведомости", №55(3742), 29 марта 2011 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #25-ZO of March 23, 2011 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #62-ZO of June 27, 2013 On Amending Article 10 of the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of April 9, 2011.).
Сахалинская областная Дума. Закон №524 от 21 июля 2004 г. «О границах и статусе муниципальных образований в Сахалинской области», в ред. Закона №45-ЗО от 27 мая 2013 г. «О внесении изменения в Закон Сахалинской области "О границах и статусе муниципальных образований в Сахалинской области"». Вступил в силу 1 января 2005 г. Опубликован: "Губернские ведомости", №175–176(2111–2112), 31 июля 2004 г. (Sakhalin Oblast Duma. Law #524 of July 21, 2004 On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast, as amended by the Law #45-ZO of May 27, 2013 On Amending the Law of Sakhalin Oblast "On the Borders and Status of the Municipal Formations in Sakhalin Oblast". Effective as of January 1, 2005.).

Bibliography

Tarasov, A. V. (2010). На холмах у моря. Городу Холмску — 140 лет [On the hills by the sea. The city of Kholmsk is 140 years old] (in Russian). Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: ООО «Издательство «Сахалин — Приамурские ведомости».