Kaiyuan, Yunnan

Kaiyuan
开远市
County-level city
A street in central Kaiyuan
A street in central Kaiyuan
Location of Kaiyuan City in Honghe Prefecture within Yunnan province
Location of Kaiyuan City in Honghe Prefecture within Yunnan province
Kaiyuan is located in Yunnan
Kaiyuan
Kaiyuan
Location in Yunnan
Coordinates: 23°42′40″N 103°14′46″E / 23.71111°N 103.24611°E / 23.71111; 103.24611
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceYunnan
PrefectureHonghe
Area
 • Total
1,946.51 km2 (751.55 sq mi)
Population
 • Total
299,000
 • Density150/km2 (400/sq mi)
Postal code
661600
Area code0873
Websitewww.hhky.gov.cn

Kaiyuan (simplified Chinese: 开远; traditional Chinese: 開遠; pinyin: Kāiyuǎn) is a county-level city within the jurisdiction of Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture in the southeast of Yunnan province, China.

Geography

The maximum sea level of Kaiyuan is 2,775.6 meters and the minimum is 950 meters.

Administrative divisions

At present, Kaiyuan City has 2 subdistricts, 2 towns, 2 townships and 1 ethnic township.[1]

2 subdistricts
2 towns
2 townships
1 ethnic township

Demography

It has a population of 299,000, of whom 156,000 belong to ethnic minorities, including Yi, Zhuang, Miao, and Hui.

Ethnic groups

The Kaiyuan City Almanac (1996:618) lists the following ethnic Yi subgroups.

  • Gaisu 改苏 (autonyms: Gaisupo 改苏泼, Luoluopo 倮倮泼; exonyms: Luoluo 倮倮); ancestors migrated from Luxi 泸西 and Mile 弥勒
    • Mazheshao Township 马者哨: Sanjia 三家[2]
    • Dazhuang Township 大庄: in Taoshu 桃树[3] and Longtan 龙潭[4]
    • Yangjie Township 羊街: in Hongtu 红土,[5] Gucheng 古城,[6] Wolonggu 卧龙谷[7]
  • Azha 阿扎 (exonym: Pula 朴喇); ancestors are from Kunming.
    • Daizhanpo 呆占泼: in Beige 碑格, Xiaozhao 小寨, Xiamizhe 下米者, Jiaji 架吉,[8] etc. of Beige Township 砷格乡
    • Anipo 阿尼泼: in Zongshe 宗舍, Masangqing 马桑箐, and Qibudi 期不底, etc. of Yangjie Township 羊街乡
    • Labapo 腊拨泼: in Jiagu 架古, Xieshimu 螯始母, and Luopodong 落坡洞 of Beige Township 砷格乡; Laozhai 老寨 of Dazhuang Township 大庄乡, etc.
    • Axiheipo 阿洒黑泼: in Jiufang 酒房 and Hongshiyan 红石岩 of Lebaidao 乐白道; Chongmen 冲门 of Mazheshao Township 马者哨乡, etc.
    • Digaopo 底高泼: in Dapingzhai 大平寨, Bajiazhai 八家寨, and Miduo 米朵 of Zhongheying Township 中和营乡; Hulutang 葫芦塘 of Mazheshao Township 马者哨乡; Adeyi 阿德邑 of Lebaidao 乐白道; Taoshu 桃树 of Dazhuang Township 大庄乡, etc.
  • Azhe 阿哲: in Jiedian 楷甸 of Lebaidao Township 乐白道; and Chongzi 冲子 of Mazheshao Township 马者哨

Daizhanpo 呆占泼 and Digaopo 底高泼 are identified by Pelkey (2011)[9] as Hlepho Phowa speakers. Labopho means ‘Highland Pho’, and Digaopho means ‘Lowland Pho’.[9] Pelkey (2011:110) identifies Phowa subgroups as Hlepho (ɬɛ˧ pʰo˨˩), Anipho (a˧nɨ˥ pʰo˨˩), Digaopho (ti˨˩kaʌ˥ pʰo˨˩), Labopho (lɑ˨˩bo˨˩ pʰo˨˩), and Asaheipho (a˧sa˧χɨ˥ pʰo˨˩).

Culture

Kaiyuan is thought highly of in the field of traditional martial arts, and held the first Chinese Traditional Martial Arts Festival in 2006.

Economy

Kaiyuan is a long-established industrial city, which has been paying much attention to its environment problems. Its aim is "to construct an affluent city with an ecological industrial base". Kaiyuan is also home to the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

With the approval of the central government, Yunnan has established an experimental zone for private small businesses at Kaiyuan. [1]

Climate

Climate data for Kaiyuan, elevation 1,196 m (3,924 ft), (1991–2014 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.2
(86.4) 		32.0
(89.6) 		34.2
(93.6) 		36.5
(97.7) 		37.3
(99.1) 		36.0
(96.8) 		35.6
(96.1) 		35.2
(95.4) 		35.8
(96.4) 		32.5
(90.5) 		30.5
(86.9) 		29.4
(84.9) 		37.3
(99.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 21.0
(69.8) 		23.6
(74.5) 		27.2
(81.0) 		29.8
(85.6) 		30.0
(86.0) 		30.1
(86.2) 		29.7
(85.5) 		29.8
(85.6) 		28.8
(83.8) 		26.3
(79.3) 		23.7
(74.7) 		21.0
(69.8) 		26.8
(80.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 13.5
(56.3) 		15.7
(60.3) 		19.3
(66.7) 		22.6
(72.7) 		24.0
(75.2) 		24.9
(76.8) 		24.6
(76.3) 		24.2
(75.6) 		23.0
(73.4) 		20.6
(69.1) 		16.7
(62.1) 		13.9
(57.0) 		20.2
(68.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8.4
(47.1) 		10.0
(50.0) 		13.6
(56.5) 		17.0
(62.6) 		19.4
(66.9) 		21.2
(70.2) 		21.2
(70.2) 		20.6
(69.1) 		19.1
(66.4) 		16.8
(62.2) 		12.1
(53.8) 		9.2
(48.6) 		15.7
(60.3)
Record low °C (°F) 0.5
(32.9) 		2.7
(36.9) 		1.7
(35.1) 		7.6
(45.7) 		10.4
(50.7) 		14.6
(58.3) 		15.9
(60.6) 		15.3
(59.5) 		9.8
(49.6) 		5.7
(42.3) 		2.2
(36.0) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		−2.7
(27.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 25.4
(1.00) 		15.1
(0.59) 		24.0
(0.94) 		43.0
(1.69) 		79.0
(3.11) 		119.1
(4.69) 		132.9
(5.23) 		128.5
(5.06) 		82.7
(3.26) 		56.2
(2.21) 		31.5
(1.24) 		17.9
(0.70) 		755.3
(29.72)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 4.5 4.0 4.9 8.4 11.8 14.1 18.2 16.8 10.8 9.2 5.1 3.4 111.2
Average snowy days 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1
Average relative humidity (%) 68 62 58 59 64 71 77 78 75 74 73 72 69
Mean monthly sunshine hours 184.6 193.2 214.6 223.9 213.1 147.0 134.3 148.3 147.9 138.1 166.7 165.3 2,077
Percent possible sunshine 55 60 57 59 52 36 32 37 41 39 51 50 47
Source: China Meteorological Administration[10][11]

References

  1. ^ "国家统计局" (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  2. ^ "开远市马者哨乡三家村委会". Archived from the original on 2017-09-15. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
  3. ^ "开远市大庄回族乡桃树村委会". Archived from the original on 2017-09-16. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
  4. ^ "开远市大庄回族乡龙潭村委会". Archived from the original on 2017-09-15. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
  5. ^ "开远市羊街乡红土村委会". Archived from the original on 2017-09-16. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
  6. ^ "开远市羊街乡古城村委会". Archived from the original on 2017-09-15. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
  7. ^ "开远市羊街乡卧龙谷村委会". Archived from the original on 2017-09-16. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
  8. ^ "开远市碑格乡架吉村委会架吉村". Archived from the original on 2017-09-15. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
  9. ^ a b Pelkey, Jamin. 2011. Dialectology as Dialectic: Interpreting Phula Variation. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
  10. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  11. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 20 September 2023.


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