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Kabufuda (株札（かぶふだ）) are Japanese playing cards used for gambling games such as Oicho-Kabu mainly used in the Kansai region.
Kabufuda cards, like the related hanafuda (lit. 'flower cards'), are smaller and stiffer than Western playing cards. A deck contains 40 cards, with designs representing the numbers 1 through 10. There are four cards for each number. One of the 1's has a red background and is decorated gold or silver, called the Aka-pin (赤ピン 'red pin') or Aza-pin (アザピン 'Ace-pin'). The unique design allows it to be used similarly to hanafuda's Lightning card. The twos often have the manufacturer or distributor's trademark. One of the 4's is also decorated gold or silver, called the Tamashi (玉四 'round four') or Kinshi (金四 'gold four'), which allows it to have a role in certain games.
Like hanafuda, kabufuda is a descendant of mekuri karuta. Since suits are irrelevant in kabu games, all decks became single-suited during the 18th-century.[1] Like in baccarat, the object of most kabu games is to get a total closest to nine.[2] Early kabufuda decks had three ranks of face cards but since they have no value, only the jacks were kept. Kabu is believed to derive from the Portuguese slang cavo meaning a stake, bet, or wager.[3] Closely related are the gabo games played with Korean tujeon cards[4] and the Indian Ganjapa game of komi.[5]
Other small cards "Komaru" (小丸), "Mefuda" (目札), and "Daini" (大二) may also be classified as Kabufuda.[6]
Oicho-Kabu (おいちょかぶ) derived from the Portugueze "oito" (English: "eight") is similar to blackjack where players add up the numbers and compete based on the size and strength of the cards.
京カブ
引きカブ／打ちカブ Pull turnip/hit turnip?
ボーピン／ボーニ
三枚カブ Three turnips?
Go-mai kabu (五枚カブ) for up to eight people is similar to Pai gow where players are dealt five cards and try to form a multiple of 10.
十枚カブ／相撲取りカブ Ten Turnips / Sumo Wrestler Turnip?
エイ目作り／カブ作り Making Ray Eyes/Making Turnips?
誰 Who?
指込／指絵 Finger painting?
高目 High Eyes?
十目 Tenth?
樺太カブ Sakhalin turnip?
Kachi-Kachi (かちかち) is similar to blackjack mixed with poker where players try to get their total modulo ten closest to nine.
King (きんご) derived from the Portugueze "quinze" (English: "fifteen") for up to seven people where players try to get a total closest to 15.
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