Judiciary of Mongolia

The judiciary of Mongolia is made up of a three-tiered court system (first instance, appellate, supreme court) divided into three branches (civil, criminal, administrative cases). For questions of constitutional law there is a separate constitutional court. Besides there are forms of alternative dispute resolution.

First instance

First instance court types are:[1]

  • District first instance court for civil cases (Mongolian: дүүргийн Иргэний хэргийн анхан шатны шүүх / дүүргийн ИХАШ шүүх)
  • District first instance court for criminal cases (дүүргийн Эрүүгийн хэргийн анхан шатны шүүх / дүүргийн ЭХАШ шүүх)
  • Inter-soum first instance court for civil cases (сум дундын Иргэний хэргийн анхан шатны шүүх / сум дундын ИХАШ шүүх)
  • Inter-soum first instance court for criminal cases (сум дундын Эрүүгийн хэргийн анхан шатны шүүх / сум дундын ЭХАШ шүүх)
    • Number: 21 each; named after an aimag.
  • Inter-soum court (сум дундын шүүх)
    • Number: 8; each named after an aimag's soum.
  • First instance court for administrative cases (захиргааны хэргийн анхан шатны шүүх / ЗХАШ шүүх)
    • Number: 22; one for Ulaanbaatar and each aimag.

The Bayan-Ölgii courts of first instance bear alternative Kazakh names (Сұмын аралық азаматтық/Сұмын аралық қылмыстық/Әкімшілік істер алғашқы сатылы сот).[3]

Appellate instance

Appellate court types are:[1]

  • Capital city appellate court for civil cases (нийслэлийн Иргэний хэргийн давж заалдах шатны шүүх / нийслэлийн ИХДЗШ шүүх)[4]
  • Capital city appellate court for criminal cases (нийслэлийн Эрүүгийн хэргийн давж заалдах шатны шүүх / нийслэлийн ЭХДЗШ шүүх)[5]
    • Number: 1 each.
  • Aimag appellate court for civil cases (аймгийн Иргэний хэргийн давж заалдах шатны шүүх / аймгийн ИХДЗШ шүүх)
  • Aimag appellate court for criminal cases (аймгийн Эрүүгийн хэргийн давж заалдах шатны шүүх / аймгийн ЭХДЗШ шүүх)
    • Number: 8 each; named after the aimags concerned.
  • Appellate court for administrative cases (Захиргааны хэргийн давж заалдах шатны шүүх / ЗХДЗШ шүүх)[6]
    • Number: 1.

Supreme Court

The highest court in Mongolia is the Supreme Court of Mongolia (Улсын Дээд Шүүх),[7] established in 1927. There are chambers for civil, criminal and administrative cases. The court hears general appeals from courts of lower instance as well as from the Constitutional Court in matters regarding the protection of law and human rights.

Additional legislation and bodies

Procedure

The courts' procedure is governed by the Law on civil procedure,[8] the Criminal procedure law,[9] the Law on the execution of court decisions,[10] and the Law on administrative procedure.[11]

Court administration

The Judicial General Council of Mongolia (Монгол Улсын Шүүхийн ерөнхий зөвлөл)[12] is to maintain the independence of the judiciary.[13] The status of judges is determined by a separate law.[14] The number of judges for each court is set by parliament.[15]

Alternative dispute resolution

For commercial disputes there is among others the Mongolian International and National Arbitration Center (MINAC; Монголын Олон Улсын ба Үндэсний Арбитр), established in 1960 at the Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (MNCCI).[16][17] The Law on mediation and conciliation[18] provides for further forms of alternative dispute resolution.

Constitutional court

Mongolia's highest court in constitutional matters is the Constitutional Court of Mongolia (Монгол Улсын Үндсэн хуулийн цэц).[19] It was established in 1992 and has its own procedural law.[20]

References

  1. ^ a b "Монгол Улсын хууль Монгол Улсын шүүхийн тухай" [Mongolian law on judiciary of Mongolia]. Legalinfo.mn. 2012-03-07. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  2. ^ "Монгол Улсын хууль Шүүх байгуулах тухай" [Mongolian law on court organization]. Legalinfo.mn. 2015-06-19. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  3. ^ "Баян-Өлгий аймагийн шүүх". Kaz.courtbu.mn. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  4. ^ "Нийслэлийн Иргэний хэргийн давж заалдах шатны шүүх". Citycourtofcivilappeals.mn. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  5. ^ "Нийслэлийн эрүүгийн хэргийн давж заалдах шатны шүүх". Citycourtofcriminalappeals.mn. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  6. ^ "Захиргааны хэргийн давж заалдах шатны шүүх". Admincourt2.gov.mn. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  7. ^ "Supreme Court of Mongolia". Supremecourt.mn. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  8. ^ "Иргэний хэрэг шүүхэд хянан шийдвэрлэх тухай хууль (ИХШХШТХ)" [Law on resolving civil cases in court]. Legalinfo.mn. 2002-01-10. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  9. ^ "Эрүүгийн байцаан шийтгэх хууль (ЭБШХ)" [Criminal procedure law]. Legalinfo.mn. 2002-01-10. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  10. ^ "Шүүхийн шийдвэр гүйцэтгэх тухай хууль (ШШГТХ)" [Law on the execution of court decisions]. Legalinfo.mn. 2002-01-10. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  11. ^ "Захиргааны хэрэг хянан шийдвэрлэх тухай хууль (ЗХХШТХ)" [Law on resolving administrative cases]. Legalinfo.mn. 2002-12-26. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  12. ^ "The Judicial General Council Of Mongolia". Eng.judcouncil.mn. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  13. ^ "Шүүхийн захиргааны тухай хууль" [Law on court administration]. Legalinfo.mn. 2012-05-22. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  14. ^ "Шүүгчийн эрх зүйн байдлын тухай хууль" [Law on the legal status of judges]. Legalinfo.mn. 2012-03-07. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  15. ^ "Монгол Улсын Их Хурлын тогтоол Шүүгчийн орон тоо батлах тухай" [Mongolian State Great Khural resolution on the approval of the number of judges]. Legalinfo.mn. 2013-01-24. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  16. ^ "Mongolian International and National Arbitration Center". Mongolchamber.mn. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  17. ^ "Арбитрын тухай хууль" [Law on arbitration]. www.Legalinfo.mn. 2003-05-09. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  18. ^ "Эвлэрүүлэн зуучлалын тухай хууль" [Law on mediation and conciliation]. www.Legalinfo.mn. 2012-05-22. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  19. ^ "Монгол Улсын Үндсэн хуулийн цэц". Conscourt.gov.mn. 2015-05-13. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
  20. ^ "Үндсэн хуулийн цэцэд маргаан хянан шийдвэрлэх ажиллагааны тухай хууль (ҮХЦМХШАТХ)" [Law on the procedure for resolving disputes in the Constitutional Court]. www.Legalinfo.mn. 1997-05-01. Retrieved 13 May 2016.

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