Isa Khan

Not to be confused with Afghan noble Isa Khan Niazi.
For other people named Isa Khan, see Isa Khan (disambiguation).

Isa Khan
ঈশা খাঁ
Masnad-i-Ala
Chief of Baro-Bhuiyans of Bengal
Reign1576–August 1599
Bornc. 17 April 1536
Sarail, Bhati region, Bengal Sultanate now Brahmanbaria district
Died29 August 1599 (age 63)
Baktarpur, Bhati region, Mughal Empire
Burial
Baktarpur, Kaliganj Upazila, Gazipur, Bangladesh
SpouseFatema Khatun
Sona Bibi
IssueMusa
Dawud
Mahmud
Abdullah
Ilyas
HouseSarail Fort
FatherSulaiman Khan
MotherSyeda Momena Khatun
ReligionSunni Islam

Isa Khan (Middle Bengali: ঈশা খাঁ, c. 17 April 1536 –29 August 1599) was the leader of the 16th-century Baro-Bhuiyan chieftains of Bengal.[1] During his reign, he successfully unified the chieftains of Bengal and resisted the Mughal invasion of Bengal. It was only after his death that the region fell totally under Mughal control. He remains an iconic figure throughout West Bengal and Bangladesh as a symbol of his rebellious spirit and unity.

Early life and background

Isa Khan was born in the 16th-century into a zamindar family known as the Dewans of Sarail in the Bhati region of the Sultanate of Bengal.[1] There are conflicting accounts regarding his origins. According to one tradition, his grandfather Bhagirat was a Bais Rajput from Oudh who came to Bengal in search of fortune. His father Sulaiman Khan, originally named Kalidas Gajdani, converted to Islam and carved out a principality in Bhati.[2][3] Another account suggests Isa Khan was of Afghan origin.[4][5] Abu'l Fazl, in his Ain-i-Akbari, calls him "Isa Afghan", though in the Akbarnama assigns the Bais Rajput origin.[2][3] Isa Khan's mother, Syeda Momena Khatun, was the daughter of Sultan Mahmud Shah.[6] His maternal aunt was married to Khidr Khan Surak.[7] Isa had one younger brother, Ismail Khan, and one sister, Shahinsha Bibi.[8]

Following the death of Sultan Mahmud Shah, Isa's father declared himself as the legal successor and revolted against the Sur Empire. He was later killed in battle.[1]

Rise to power

Bara Sardar Bari called Isa Khan's zamindar bari in Sonargaon

With the help of Taj Khan, a Karrani ruler during 1564–1566, Isa obtained an estate in Sonargaon and Maheswardi Pargana in 1564 as a vassal of Karrani dynasty of Bengal. He gradually increased his power. In 1573 he helped Daud Khan Karrani in his expedition to Chittagong against Udai Manikya, the Maharaja of Tripura.[1]

From the inscription on a cannon, it is known that by 1593-1594 Isa Khan was using the title Masnad-i-Ala. Various theories have been put forward regarding who might have been granted him the title.[9] Historian Abdul Karim believes he assumed the title himself sometime after 1581–1582.[10]

Military campaigns

The ruling of Karrani dynasty ended when Daud Khan was defeated in the Battle of Rajmahal in 1576. Isa started playing a leading role in the local resistance.[1] In the end he successfully conquered Dhaka, Rangpur, Pabna, Tripura, parts of Mymensingh and Bogra.[11][12] In 1577, Isa established Egarasindhur (in present-day Pakundia Upazila, Kishoreganj) as the political and trading centre. Forming a petty kingdom that remained independent.[13] He declared himself as the ruler of the Bhati region in 1581–82. From Sarail, he shifted his administrative centre to Sonargaon. He built fortresses at Katrabo, Kalagachhia and Khizrpur near Sonargaon.[1]

Battle against Khan Jahan

In 1578, Mughal Subahdar of Bengal, Subahdar Khan Jahan led an expedition towards the Bhati region and set camp in Bhawal.[1] Isa faced the Mughal force led by Shah Bardi and Muhammad Quli on the Sarail-Juan Shahi border in Kastul on the bank of Meghna river.[14] According to the Rajmala, Isa then quickly retreated to Tripura and sought assistance from the then Maharaja of Tripura, Amar Manikya. With the good grace of the queen Amrabati, the king granted an army of 52,000 to help Isa face the Mughals.[15]

However, before Isa returned to Sarail, two zamindars – Majlis Pratap and Majlis Dilawar already attacked and defeated the Mughal forces under Khan Jahan. Muhammad Quli was captured but Shah Bardi fled to Bhawal camp.[16] Khan Jahan retreated to the city of Tandah where he died on 19 December 1578 after a prolonged illness.[17]

According to descriptions by Rajmala, Khan, who became the Zamindar of Sarail, sent one thousand labourers for Amar Manikya along with other Zamindars of Bengal in response to the request made by Manikya to excavate the Amar Sagar Dighi at around 1580 AD. Besides, as the naval commander of Manikya, Khan fought against the Zamindars of Taraf and Sylhet, Syed Musa and Fateh Khan respectively, in 1581.[1]

Battle against Shahbaz Khan

In 1583, Mughal General Shahbaz Khan destroyed Isa's palace in Baktiarpur.[18] In September 1584,[19] the then-subahdar Shahbaz crossed Ganges near Khizirpur and attacked Sonargaon, Katrabo and Egarasindhur[1] and pursued the defeated Pathan forces under Masum Kabuli up to Bikrampur in Dhaka, the cunning Isa then deluded negotiation of surrender and delayed the attack of Mughal general for several months. However, in 1584, Isa and Masum Khan Kabuli, deploying musket and gunpowder artilleries, launched a counterattack which finally defeated Shahbaz Khan in the naval and land battles of Egarasindur and Bhawal,[20] and even killing one of Mughal general,[11]then Shahbaz Khan retreated to Tandah.[21]

Battle against Laksmana Singh Hajra

In 1585, he attacked two Koch rulers, Ram Hazra and Lakshman Hazra, and occupied their Jangalbari Fort (in present-day Karimganj Upazila, Kishoreganj).[22]

Another source from local tradition was recorded that this happened in 1586 after Man Singh had defeated him in the battle of Egarasindhur. In the same year, Mughal Subahdar Shahbaz Khan again sent his forces against Isa to the south.[23]

Second battle against Shahbaz Khan

With the help of reinforcements by Emperor Akbar, Shahbaz Khan led another military expedition towards Bhati in 1586. Isa attacked him at Bhawal (north of Dhaka) but forces of Shahbaz Khan were well fortified near Brahmaputra. Isa then chose to give allegiance towards Akbar and prevented an imminent invasion of Bengal by the Mughals.

He even promised the Mughals he would dispatch Ma'sum Khan Kabuli, the renegade to a compulsory Pilgrimage to Mecca, something that was viewed as an act of banishment.

In late 1586, Ralph Fitch, an English traveler and merchant, came to Sonargaon, Bengal's eastern districts and stated,

They be all hereabout Rebels against the King Zebaldin Echebar (Jalaluddin Akbar) for here are so many Rivers and Iands, that they flee from one to another, whereby his Horsemen cannot prevaile against them. The chief King of all these Countries is called Isacan (Isa Khan), and he is chief of all the other Kings, and is a great friend to all Christians.[24]

Later on in 1588, he was involved in conflicts against Chand Rai and Kedar Rai.[1]

Battle against Raghudev

Isa continued his campaign against the Koch dynasty. He fought and defeated Raghudev, the king of Koch Hajo, who ruled from Sankosh River in the west to the Bhareli River in the east on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River and rival to Koch Bihar kingdom which gained prominence after the latter's annexation by Mughal empire.[25] Isa successfully captured portions of Raghudev's territory as far as Rangamati and Goalpara.[26][failed verification] However, later Isa Khan and Raghudev formed an alliance against the threat of Mughal invasion.

Battle against Durjan Singh

On 17 March 1594, Man Singh was appointed the Subahdar of Bengal by Emperor Akbar.[24] After establishing Rajmahal as the capital of Bengal, Man Singh set out on 9 December 1595 to wrest the East Bengal delta from Isa Khan.[26] Isa was emboldened to resist the Mughals after he successfully sought alliance with Raghudev, his former enemy[27] and Kedar Rai, Zamindar of Bhusna in Faridpur.[28] In the clash that took place in August 1597, Isa became engaged in a battle against Mughal naval forces with the assistance of Masum Khan Kabuli, an ex-Mughal defector.[24] At first Isa faced defeat with the Mughals attacking Katrabo, one of Isa's pargana[29] and city. However, on 5 September, Durjan Singh was killed and the Mughal forces were defeated. Both the army and navy of the Mughal-Koch Bihar alliance were either routed or captured.[1]

It is recorded that in this clash, Isa personally fought Man Singh in a duel.[30] However, the duel ended inconclusively when Isa Khan stopped fighting after Man Singh's sword broke. The noble gesture touched Man Singh and both men developed respect for each other which culminated into a friendship. Man Singh's respect for his rival was later made evident; when Isa sought to submit to the Mughal under a guarantee that it was wiser for Mughals not to incite a full invasion, Man Singh accompanied him to the Mughal court.[citation needed]

Administration

Due to his submission, Akbar assigned 22 parganas or administrative units under the ruling of Isa.[31]

  1. Atia
  2. Kagmari
  3. Barabaju
  4. Sherpur (now Sherpur District)
  5. Jayan Shahi
  6. Alapsing
  7. Mymensingh
  8. Jafarshah
  9. Nasirujiral
  10. Khaliajury
  11. Gangamandal
  12. Paitkura
  13. Bardakhat
  14. Swarnagram (Now Sonargaon Upazila)
  15. Baradakhat Mandra
  16. Husainsahi
  17. Bhawal
  18. Maheswardi
  19. Katrar
  20. Kurikhai
  21. Jour Husainpur
  22. Singdha
  23. Darjibaju
  24. Hajradi

Marriage

Khan first married his maternal cousin Fatima Bibi, a daughter of his aunt Raushan Akhtar Banu and her husband Syed Ibrahim Danishmand.[32] Later he married Sarnamoyee, the daughter of Chand Rai of Sripur. After her conversion to Islam, Sarnamoyee took the name Sona Bibi.[33]

Descendants

Grave of Musa Khan, the son of Isa Khan in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Khan's son, Musa Khan, took control of Sonargaon after his death.[34] On 10 July 1610 Musa was dethroned by Mughal General Islam Khan Chisti. After that, the descendants of Isa left Sonargaon and settled in Jangalbari Fort.[23] Masum Khan was the eldest son of Musa Khan. Masum served as the Mughal army General during the Hughly invasion in 1632.[35] His eldest son was Monwar Khan. Monwar acted as the chief of the Bengal Zamindars' flotilla on the conquest of Chittagong in 1666.[36] Monwar, leading naval ships armed with bronze 9,5 inches cannons, recovered Chittagong from the Portuguese.[37] A village called Monwarbagh, in Bandar Upazila of Narayanganj District, was named after him.[36] Haybat Khan, another grandson of Musa, established Haybatnagar (in present-day Kishoreganj district) and made it the centre of his land-lordship of seven parganas.[23]

James Wise (d. 1886[38]), a civil surgeon in Dhaka for 10 years, published a report on Baro-Bhuyans in Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 43 in 1874. He found information from the account of his meeting with the descendants of Isa in Jangalbari and Haybatnagar. He addressed Isa as the Zamindar of Khizirpur. The Haybatnagar family had possessed sanads sent by Shah Shuja in 1649 and another one from Shaista Khan in 1667. Subhan Dad Khan had been the head of the family in Jangalbari in 1874. The other descendant of Haybatnagar family, Ilah Nawaz Khan, had died in Calcutta in 1872. Other branches of the family had settled in Jafarabad, Baghalpur, Mymensingh, Harishpur (Tripura), Katrabo (Dhaka), and Barisal. The wealth, property and Zamindari was distributed amongst the descendants which is why they each lived in different parts of the country.[39]

As of 2005, Dewan Amin Dau Khan, the 14th descendant of Isa has been living in Jangalbari Fort in Egarasindur village. The fort seemed to have a circular front and had 40 rooms. The fort was mostly destroyed during an earthquake in 1893.[40]

Death and legacy

So called alliance between Kedar Ray and Isa Khan turned into animosity as Isa Khan abducted Kedar's widow niece Swornomoyee. Rattled by this, Kedar Ray invaded Isha khan's capital, tearing down the Kalagachhia and other forts one after another up until his death in 1599. Frightened by Kedar Ray's attack, Isa soon fled to Medinipur.[41] Kedar Ray continued to occupy the zamindari of Isa Khan.

Khan died there[24] in September 1599.[42] His tomb remains in the village of Baktarpur in Kaliganj Upazila, Gazipur District of Bangladesh.[43]

On 12 February 1909, a farmer unearthed seven cannons in Monwarbagh in Bandar, Narayanganj.[35] The cannons were partly made of brass. They had labels "Isa Khan" and "1002" (Hijri 1002 year is 1593 CE in Gregorian Calendar). These cannons were made from the era of Sher Shah Suri who ruled Bengal before the Bara Bhuiyans while at least three cannons which carved with Isa Khan labels were made during the Baro-Bhuyans independent era.[44]

Bangladesh Navy has named a base, BNS Issa Khan in his honour. The base, BNS Issa Khan, was the first Bangladesh Navy base to receive the national standard in 1974.[45]

On 15 September 1992, Bangladesh issued a commemorative stamp in honour of Isa.[42]

A jatra, named Isa Khan, depicting the life of Isa, written by Bhoironnath Gangopadhyay and directed by Mridul Kanti Dey, was staged on the premises of Bangladesh Lok O Karu Shilpa Foundation on 18 October 2012.[46]

DA Tayeb made a movie named Isa Khan.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Isa Khan.

Original sources

Primary

Secondary

  • NK Bhattasali, Bengal Chiefs' Struggle for Independence in the Reign of Akbar and Jahangir, Bengal Past and Present, 38, 1929;
  • MA Rahim, The History of the Afghans in India, Karachi, 1961;
  • Abdul Karim, History of Bengal (Mughal Period), I, Rajshahi, 1992.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Chisti, AA Sheikh Muhammad Asrarul Hoque (2012). "Isa Khan". In Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  2. ^ a b Roy, Atul Chandra (1968). History of Bengal: Mughal Period (1526-1765). Kolkata: Nababharat Publishers. p. 50.
  3. ^ a b Karim, Abdul (1992). History of Bengal: Mughal Period; From the fall of Daud Karrani, 1576 to the death of Jahangir, 1627. Rajshahi: Institute of Bangladesh Studies, University of Rajshahi. p. 76.
  4. ^ Acharyya, Nagendra Nath (1966). The History of Medieval Assam, from the Thirteenth to the Seventeenth Century: A Critical and Comprehensive History of Assam During the First Four Centuries of Ahom Rule, Based on Original Assamese Sources, Available Both in India and England. Dutta Baruah. p. 207.
  5. ^ Roy, Kaushik (3 June 2015). Warfare in Pre-British India – 1500BCE to 1740CE. Routledge. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-317-58692-0.
  6. ^ Abdur Rahim, Mohammad, ed. (1995). Islam in Bangladesh Through Ages. Islamic Foundation Bangladesh. p. 30. Isamil and Isa were his sons by this wife
  7. ^ Chowdhury, Kamal (2005). Banglar Baro Bhuiyan and Maharaj Pratapaditya. p. 164.
  8. ^ Abdul Karim (1991). Akanda, Safar A. (ed.). "Masnad-I-Ali Isa Khan". Journal of the Institute of Bangladesh Studies. 14. Rajshahi University: Institute of Bangladesh Studies.
  9. ^ Abdul Karim (1992). History of Bengal: Mughal Period. Vol. 1. Institute of Bangladesh Studies, University of Rajshahi. pp. 79–80. OCLC 28183749.
  10. ^ Abdul Karim (1992). History of Bengal: Mughal Period. Vol. 1. Institute of Bangladesh Studies, University of Rajshahi. pp. 84–85. OCLC 28183749.
  11. ^ a b Chakrabarti, Kunal; Chakrabarti, Shubhra (2013). Historical Dictionary of the Bengalis. Scarecrow Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 978-0-8108-8024-5.
  12. ^ Eaton, Richard Maxwell (1996). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. University of California Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-520-20507-9.
  13. ^ Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Egarasindhur". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  14. ^ Akbarnama, Volume III, Page 377
  15. ^ Nath, N. C. (1999). Sri Rajmala. Vol. I to IV. Agartala: Tribal Research Institute. pp. 118–119. OCLC 605538661. The Queen then asked the king to provide Icha khan with an army ... An army fifty two thousand strong was ordered to accompany Icha khan
  16. ^ Chowdhury, Kamal. Banglar Baro Bhuiyan and Maharaja Pratapidtya. p. 170.
  17. ^ Sarkar, Jadunath, ed. (1973) [First published 1948]. The History of Bengal. Vol. II. Patna: Academica Asiatica. p. 195. OCLC 924890. After this Khān-i-Jahān returned to Sihhatpur, in the suburbs of Tāndā ... and there he died after a long illness, on 19th December, 1578.
  18. ^ Sen, Dineshchandra (1988). The Ballads of Bengal. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications. p. 322.
  19. ^ Ahmed, Salahuddin (2004). Bangladesh: Past and Present. APH Publishing. p. 63. ISBN 978-81-7648-469-5. Archived from the original on 26 December 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  20. ^ Sengupta, Nitish K. (2011). Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib. Penguin Books India. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-14-341678-4.
  21. ^ Sengupta, Nitish K. (2011). Land of Two Rivers: A History of Bengal from the Mahabharata to Mujib. Penguin Books India. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-14-341678-4.
  22. ^ Sen, Dineshchandra (1988). The Ballads of Bengal. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications. p. 315.
  23. ^ a b c Shahnaj Husne Jahan. "Jangalbari Fort". Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  24. ^ a b c d Eaton, Richard (1993). The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  25. ^ Called Koch Hajo in Persian chronicles, Kamrup in local sources (Nath 1989:86).
  26. ^ a b Sarkar, Jadunath (1994) [First published 1984]. Sinh, Raghubir (ed.). A History of Jaipur: c. 1503-1938. Orient Blackswan. pp. 81, 94. ISBN 978-81-250-0333-5.
  27. ^ Nath, D. (1989). History of the Koch Kingdom, C. 1515-1615. Mittal Publications. pp. 93–. ISBN 978-81-7099-109-0.
  28. ^ "The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760". Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  29. ^ Shahnaj Husne Jahan. "Katrabo". Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  30. ^ Allen, Basil Copleston (2009) [First published 1912]. Dacca : Eastern Bengal District Gazetteers. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 24–. ISBN 978-81-7268-194-4.
  31. ^ Sen, Dineshchandra (1988). The Ballads of Bengal. Vol. 2. Mittal Publications. p. 328.
  32. ^ Syed Muhammed Taifoor, Glimpses of Old Dhaka: a short historical narration of East Bengal and Aassam (1965), p. 94
  33. ^ Chowdhury, Kamal (2005). Banglar Baro Bhuiyan and Maharaj Pratapaditya. p. 143.
  34. ^ Muazzam Hussain Khan. "Musa Khan". Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  35. ^ a b Chowdhury, Kamal (2005). Banglar Baro Bhuiyan and Maharaj Pratapaditya. p. 398.
  36. ^ a b Khan, Muazzam Hussain (2012). "Dewan Munawar Khan". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  37. ^ Roy, Kaushik (2014). Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400-1750 (ebook) (Cavalry, Guns, Government and Ships ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 136. ISBN 9781780938004. Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  38. ^ Risley, Herbert; Crooke, William (1999) [First published 1908]. The People of India. Asian Educational Services. pp. 12–. ISBN 978-81-206-1265-5.
  39. ^ Wise, James (1874). "Notes on Sunargaon, Eastern Bengal". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 43: 82–96.
  40. ^ Khodeja Sultana Lopa (16 April 2005). "The Rich Tradition of Kishoreganj". Star Weekend Magazine. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2012.
  41. ^ Medinipurer Itihas, Jogendranath Basu
  42. ^ a b "Bangladesh Commemorative Stamps −1992". Archived from the original on 7 September 2008.
  43. ^ Sharif Ahmad Shamim (19 November 2017). ঈশা খাঁর কবর গাজীপুরে! [Isa Khar Qobor Gazipure]. Kaler Kantho (in Bengali). Gazipur. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
  44. ^ Naher, Sabikun; Lahiri, Surajit; Chattopadhyay, Pranab K. (2014). "Pre-Mughal Cannons of Bengal: A Re-evaluation". Pratna Samiksha. New Series 5: 53–71. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
  45. ^ "PM confers National Standard to BNS Osman". Dhaka Tribune. 11 October 2014. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  46. ^ "Jatra pala Isa Khan staged". New Age. 21 October 2012. Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 25 December 2012.

Read other articles:

Lion Air Flight 610

2018 aircraft crash in the Java Sea, Indonesia, killing 189 See also: Boeing 737 MAX groundings Lion Air Flight 610PK-LQP, the aircraft involved in the accidentAccidentDate29 October 2018 (2018-10-29)SummaryLoss of control due to runaway trim from MCAS activation, inadequate maintenanceSiteJava Sea, off the north coast of Karawang Regency, Indonesia 5°46′15″S 107°07′16″E / 5.77083°S 107.12111°E / -5.77083; 107.12111AircraftAircraft typeB...

 

 

The Best of Natacha Atlas

2005 greatest hits album by Natacha AtlasThe Best of Natacha AtlasGreatest hits album by Natacha AtlasReleased23 May 2005GenreRock, World musicLabelMantra (MNTCD #1036)Natacha Atlas chronology Something Dangerous(2003) The Best of Natacha Atlas(2005) Mish Maoul(2006) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[1]Exclaim!(positive)[2] The Best of Natacha Atlas is a compilation album by Belgian singer Natacha Atlas. It was released by Mantra Recordings on 23 Ma...

 

 

Tri Budi Utomo

Tri Budi Utomo Panglima Komando Daerah Militer VI/MulawarmanPetahanaMulai menjabat 27 Juni 2022 PendahuluTeguh Pudjo RumeksoPenggantiPetahanaKomandan PaspampresMasa jabatan2 Agustus 2021 – 27 Juni 2022 PendahuluAgus SubiyantoPenggantiWahyu Hidayat SudjatmikoWakil Komandan Jenderal Komando Pasukan KhususMasa jabatan27 Agustus 2020 – 2 Agustus 2021 PendahuluMohamad HasanPenggantiDeddy Suryadi Informasi pribadiLahir6 Februari 1971 (umur 53)Surakarta, Jawa TengahSua...

Michael D. Griffin

Untuk orang lain dengan nama yang sama, lihat Michael Griffin. Michael D. Griffin Menteri Tingkat Rendah Pertahanan untuk Riset dan TeknikMasa jabatan19 Februari 2018 – 10 Juli 2020PresidenDonald Trump PendahuluJabatan dibentukPenggantiMichael Kratsios (pelaksana tugas)Administrator Badan Penerbangan dan Antariksa Amerika Serikat ke-11Masa jabatan13 April 2005 – 20 Januari 2009PresidenGeorge W. BushWakilShana Dale PendahuluSean O'KeefePenggantiCharles Bolden Informasi pr...

 

 

WMXC

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: WMXC – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Radio station in Mobile, AlabamaWMXC Mobile, AlabamaBroadcast areaMobile - Pensacola - Gulf CoastFrequency99.9 MHz (HD Radio)BrandingMix 99.9P...

 

 

Noreuil

Commune in Hauts-de-France, FranceNoreuilCommuneThe town hall of NoreuilLocation of Noreuil NoreuilShow map of FranceNoreuilShow map of Hauts-de-FranceCoordinates: 50°10′17″N 2°56′07″E / 50.1714°N 2.9353°E / 50.1714; 2.9353CountryFranceRegionHauts-de-FranceDepartmentPas-de-CalaisArrondissementArrasCantonBapaumeIntercommunalityCC Sud-ArtoisGovernment • Mayor (2020–2026) Sylvie Manechez[1]Area14.79 km2 (1.85 sq mi)Pop...

Boy from Heaven

2022 film by Tarik Saleh Boy from HeavenSwedish theatrical release posterDirected byTarik SalehWritten byTarik SalehProduced by Kristina Åberg Fredrik Zander Starring Tawfeek Barhom Fares Fares Mohammad Bakri Makram Khoury Mehdi Dehbi Moe Ayoub Sherwan Haji Ahmed Lassaoui Jalal Altawil Ramzi Choukair CinematographyPierre AïmEdited byTheis SchmidtMusic byKrister LinderProductioncompanies Atmo (Sweden) Memento (France) Bufo (Finland) Distributed by TriArt Film (Sweden) Memento (France) Releas...

 

 

Holzerath

Municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, GermanyHolzerath Municipality Coat of armsLocation of Holzerath within Trier-Saarburg district Holzerath Show map of GermanyHolzerath Show map of Rhineland-PalatinateCoordinates: 49°40′47.13″N 6°45′35.99″E / 49.6797583°N 6.7599972°E / 49.6797583; 6.7599972CountryGermanyStateRhineland-PalatinateDistrictTrier-Saarburg Municipal assoc.RuwerGovernment • Mayor (2019–24) Friedbert Theis[1]Area �...

 

 

Человек прямоходящий

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

俄亥俄州

  「俄亥俄」重定向至此。关于其他用法，请见「俄亥俄 (消歧义)」。 俄亥俄州 美國联邦州State of Ohio 州旗州徽綽號：七葉果之州地图中高亮部分为俄亥俄州坐标：38°27'N－41°58'N, 80°32'W－84°49'W国家 美國加入聯邦1803年3月1日，在1953年8月7日追溯頒定（第17个加入联邦）首府哥倫布（及最大城市）政府 • 州长（英语：List of Governors of {{{Name}}}]]） •&...

 

 

Stalingrad station (Paris Métro)

Métro station in Paris, France StalingradLine 2 platformsGeneral informationLocation1, Rue d'Aubervilliers244, Boul. de la Villette86, Rue de l'Aqueduc17, Rue de Flandre18, Rue de Flandre1, Quai de la Seine58, Rue du Château Landon10th and 19th arrondissement of ParisÎle-de-FranceFranceCoordinates48°53′03″N 2°21′57″E / 48.88429°N 2.36586°E / 48.88429; 2.36586Owned byRATPOperated byRATPLine(s) Line 2 Line 5 Line 7Bus routes : 48, 54 : N13, N41, N42,...

 

 

Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Sea Center

Zoo in California, United States Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Sea CenterSanta Barbara Museum of Natural History Sea Center34°24′37.90″N 119°41′10.05″W / 34.4105278°N 119.6861250°W / 34.4105278; -119.6861250LocationSanta Barbara, California, United StatesWebsitewww.sbnature.org/seacenter/index.php The Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History Sea Center, briefly known as the Ty Warner Sea Center, is a museum owned and operated by the Santa Barbara M...

中華民國國軍中的中共間諜列表

 本表是動態列表，或許永遠不會完結。歡迎您參考可靠來源來查漏補缺。 潛伏於中華民國國軍中的中共間諜列表收錄根據公開資料來源，曾潛伏於中華民國國軍、被中國共產黨聲稱或承認，或者遭中華民國政府調查審判，為中華人民共和國和中國人民解放軍進行間諜行為的人物。以下列表以現今可查知時間為準，正確的間諜活動或洩漏機密時間可能早於或晚於以下所歸�...

 

 

Ermita de Santa Isabel (Mérida, Yucatán)

Ermita de Santa Isabel Monumento histórico LocalizaciónPaís México MéxicoDivisión Estado de YucatánSubdivisión MéridaDirección Calle 66 sur, Centro histórico de MéridaCoordenadas 20°57′26″N 89°37′46″O / 20.957126, -89.629555Información religiosaCulto Iglesia católicaUso Abierta al cultoEstatus CapillaAdvocación Isabel de HungríaDeclaración Monumento histórico Historia del edificioConstrucción Siglo XVIIIDatos arquitectónicosTipo ErmitaEstilo ...

 

 

Абсолютний ідеалізм

Абсолютний ідеалізм— різновид об’єктивного ідеалізму. Абсолютний ідеалізм представлений філософією Ґ. Гегеля та його послідовників (геґельянців), які першоосновою проголошують абсолютне ідеальне начало (світовий дух, абсолютну ідею, яка існує поза індивідуальною сві...

Sterigmatocystin

Sterigmatocystin Names Preferred IUPAC name (3aR,12cS)-8-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-3a,12c-dihydro-7H-furo[3′,2′:4,5]furo[2,3-c]xanthen-7-one Other names Sterigmatocystin Identifiers CAS Number 10048-13-2 N 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:18227 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL524291 Y ChemSpider 4447522 Y ECHA InfoCard 100.030.131 EC Number 233-158-6 KEGG C00961 Y PubChem CID 5280389 UNII 5F95211S5Z Y CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID2021280 InChI InChI=1S/C18H12O6/c1-21-...

 

 

Luiz Gustavo

Brazilian footballer (born 1987) For other people named Luiz Gustavo, see Luiz Gustavo (disambiguation). In this article, the surname is Dias, not Gustavo. Luiz Gustavo Luiz Gustavo with Brazil in 2014Personal informationFull name Luiz Gustavo Dias[1]Date of birth (1987-07-23) 23 July 1987 (age 36)Place of birth Pindamonhangaba, BrazilHeight 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)[2]Position(s) Defensive midfielderTeam informationCurrent team São PauloNumber 16Youth career2005...

 

 

1920 United States presidential election in North Carolina

Main article: 1920 United States presidential election 1920 United States presidential election in North Carolina ← 1916 November 2, 1920 1924 →   Nominee James M. Cox Warren G. Harding Party Democratic Republican Home state Ohio Ohio Running mate Franklin D. Roosevelt Calvin Coolidge Electoral vote 12 0 Popular vote 305,447 232,848 Percentage 56.69% 43.22% County Results Cox   50-60%   60-70%   70-80%   8...

Nahuel Pérez Biscayart

Dalam artikel ini, pertama atau paternal nama keluarganya adalah Pérez dan nama keluarga maternal atau keduanya adalah Biscayart. Nahuel Pérez BiscayartPérez Biscayart pada tahun 2018Lahir06 Maret 1986 (umur 38)Buenos Aires, ArgentinaKebangsaanArgentinaAlmamaterColegio Nacional de Buenos AiresPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif2003–sekarang (2018) César Award for Best Male Revelation (en) Nahuel Pérez Biscayart (bahasa Spanyol: [naˈwel ˈpeɾes βiskaˈʝaɾ], bahasa Pr...

 

 

Simon Callow

British actor (born 1949) Simon CallowCBECallow in 2009BornSimon Phillip Hugh Callow (1949-06-15) 15 June 1949 (age 75)Streatham, London, EnglandOccupations Actor director author musician singer Years active1973–presentSpouse Sebastian Fox ​(m. 2016)​ Simon Phillip Hugh Callow CBE[1] (born 15 June 1949) is an English actor. Known as a character actor on stage and screen, he has received numerous accolades including an Olivier Award and Screen A...