Iris pontica

Iris pontica
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Limniris
Series: Iris ser. Spuriae
Species:
I. pontica
Binomial name
Iris pontica
Synonyms[1]
  • Chamaeiris pontica (Zapal.) M.B.Crespo
  • Iris humilis M.Bieb. [Illegitimate]
  • Iris humilis var. pontica Prod.
  • Iris marschalliana Bobrov
  • Limniris humilis (Alef.) Fuss
  • Neubeckia humilis Alef.
  • Xyridion ponticum (Zapal.) Rodion.

Iris pontica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a dwarf rhizomatous perennial plant from eastern Europe, the Causcasus region and Russia, with a short stem and violet-blue and white flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Description

It is known as the smallest Spuria iris.[2] It is related to Iris sintenisii and Iris graminea but it is very distinct from them.[3]

It has short, thick, woody, branching rhizomes[4][5][6] that measure 0.4–1.0 cm in diameter.[4][5] They normally grown at 3–5 cm deep in the soil.[5] The branching and creeping habit creates tufts of plants.[5][7]

It has foliage which is similar in form to Iris graminea.[8] It has 2–5 basal leaves[3][9][10] that are narrow, linear, lanceolate, slightly glaucous and grass-like.[6][9][7] They grow up to 10–45 cm (4–18 in) long and 2–5 mm wide.[11][12] The leaves can be 3 times as long as the stem.[6][13][14] They have prominent ribs or veining.[3][9][10]

It has very short stem,[4][5] 1–4 cm long.[8][12][14] In total, with the flower, peduncle and stem, the plant can reach up to 10 cm (4 in) tall.[15][16][17]

The stems or peduncle hold 1 (or 2 rarely[5][17]) terminal (top of stem) flowers, in late spring,[7][16] or early summer,[13] between April and June.[18][2][3] The stems have 2 green, lanceolate, membranous spathes (leaves of the flower bud), that are 40–70 mm long.[11][12][14]

The flowers have a slight scent,[17][19] which is rare for most spuria irises,[2] and they can be up 5–7 cm (2–3 in) in diameter,[4][7][19] and come in shades of violet-blue,[5][6][9] violet,[7][14][15] purple,[6][11][12] or purple-reddish.[2][4]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.[14] The falls are sub-orbicular or obovate. They have a yellow, yellow-greenish or white centre patch that is veined with violet, reddish-brown or brown.[3][9][7] They have very narrow dark purple claws (section closest to the stem)[3][9] measuring up to 45–55 mm long and 15–18 mm wide.[11][12][16] The single coloured (violet-blue to blue) standards are oblanceolate and unguiculate (clawed shaped).[16][8][11] They also have a dark purple claws[3][9][16] measuring 35–50 mm long and 8–12 mm wide.[11][12][16]

It has a long perianth tube, but it is difficult to measure because of the slender, beaked ovary.[3] It is estimated to be between 2 and 5 cm long.[9][10] It has a bronze-purple or purple carinate (ridged), recurved (up turned at the front edge) style branch, which has two violet-blue teeth.[3][9] It also has a 2-lobed stigma, yellow filaments, azure anthers and cylindrical ovary.[9]

After the iris has flowered, it produces an ellipsoid seed capsule, 1.5–2.5 cm long, with 6 ridges, between May and August.[5][9][11] Inside the capsule are reddish brown to brown pyriform (pear-shaped) or globose seeds, which have a papery testa (coating).[2][9][11]

Genetics

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[14] It has a chromosome count of 2n=72.[15][20]

Taxonomy

The Latin specific epithet pontica refers to Pontiac or the Black Sea.[21][22] Normally, pontica refers to the Turkish Pontus mountain range or the classical region known as 'Pontus' in North eastern Turkey, (such as Artemisia pontica), but the Black Sea was once known as Pontus Euxinus.[3]

It has the common names of Pontic iris.[5][23][24] It is also rarely called Iris Black Sea.[20][24] Although, generally Iris lazica has the common name of Black Sea Iris.

It was originally found in the Caucasus and called Iris humilis by Friedrich August Marschall von Bieberstein in Flor. Taur. Caucas. Vol.1 on page 33 in 1808.[3][5] It was again published by Bieberstein in Cent. Pl. Rar. Vol.1: tab. 31 in 1810, but in the 1960s, Georgi Rodionenko (a Russian botanist), found that a dwarf yellow bearded iris in the section Psammiris was called Iris humilis (by Georgi) and it was published earlier in 1775.[6][25] It was then found that Hugo Zapałowicz had published the iris in 'Conspectus florae Galiciae criticus' (Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit.) Vol.1 on page 191 in 1906 as Iris pontica.[26][27] So Iris pontica is used as the correct name and Iris humils is classified as a synonym.[1][3]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003.[27]

Distribution and habitat

Iris pontica is native to eastern regions of Europe and Russia.[27]

Range

It is found in eastern Europe within Moldova,[11][27][28] Romania,[28][6][7] Ukraine,[16][27][28] and north eastern Turkey.[5][6][28]

It is also in the Caucasus region,[15][4][5] part of the Russian Federation or USSR.[14][16]

As recently as 2013, the species was first discovered in the forest-steppe area of Moldavia.[28]

Habitat

Iris pontica grows on dry sunny grasslands and meadows,[11][12][20] of steppes,[4][7][28] and on limestone, chalky and granite mountain slopes.[18][4][5] Along the edges of ravines.[18]

It can also be found in thickets of shrubs and at the edges of forests.[5][28]

Sometimes, it is difficult to spot due to the flowers being hidden by the leaves.[6][18]

Conservation

Iris pontica is listed as 'Vulnerable' in various Red Book of vascular plants in the Stavropol Territory in USSR, and also in Ukraine (since 1980).[12][18] In Romania, it is listed as 'critically endangered'.[12] It has been listed as endangered category in Moldova (since 1980).[12]

It has been threatened due to the flowers being collected for bouquets and grazing by farm animals.[5][18]

In 2009, a national Nature park was created in Ukraine. This is to protect several endemics that are listed in the Red Data Book. Including Iris pontica, Stipa asperella, Gymnospermium odessanum, Dianthus hypanicus, Moehringia hypanica and Silene hypanica.[29]

Cultivation

It is hardy to European Zone H2.[16] It is hardy enough to be grown in Moscow, Saint Petersburg and Stavropol in Russia. It has grown well for up to 12 years in St Petersburg Botanical Garden.[2]

It prefers to grow in soils that contain limestone.[6][14] But it is tolerant of other soils including rich clay loams,[14] neutral dry soils,[12] or a 'peat bed' (with mainly leafmold and rotting wood).[3]

It prefers full sun or partial shade.[6][12] It is known as a heliophytic species.[12]

It can be grown in the rock garden or in an alpine house.[2][4][13] It can also be grown in a contained or pot.[14]

It is rarely seen in the UK.[13]

Propagation

It can also be propagated by division or by seed growing.[2][5]

It is thought that it is propagated by ants. The flowers produce nectar droplets at the base of tepals, which attracts the ants.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b "Iris pontica Zapal. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Irises section Ksiridion or Spur stunted Irises". click-art.ru. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Franco, Alain (24 December 2014). "(SPEC) Iris pontica Zapalowicz". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i "SCIENTIFIC REPORTS Samara Bend. 2007 – T. 16, № 3 (21). – S. 518–531. © 2007 EN Mammoth * COLLECTION IRIS natural flora, Introdutciruemyh in the Botanical Garden Samara State University" (PDF). ssc.smr.ru (Samara State University). 2007. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Pontic iris Iris pontica Zapał. (I. humilis M.Bieb. 1808, non Georgi, 1775, I. marschalliana Bobrov)". redbook-ua.org. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Chapter II iris clump and other (part3)". irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h "Iris pontica". alpinegardensociety.net. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  8. ^ a b c Dykes, William (2009). "Handbook of Garden Irises" (PDF). beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises). Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Komarov, V.L. (1935). "Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV". Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  10. ^ a b c "Flora database". flora.adatbank.transindex.ro. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Thomas Gaskell Tutin (Editor)Flora Europaea, Volume 5 (1980), p. PA89, at Google Books
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Irimia, Irina; Manzu, Ciprian (2013). "Iris pontica Zapala. In Moldova's Flora (Romania)" (PDF). Scientific Annals of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi. 59 (1): 45–51. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  13. ^ a b c d Stebbings, Geoff (1997). The Gardener's Guide to Growing Irises. Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p. 61. ISBN 0715305395.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN 978-0881927306. OL 8176432M.
  15. ^ a b c d "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i Stuart Max Walters (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2003) , p. 348, at Google Books
  17. ^ a b c Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 141. ISBN 0-88192-089-4.
  18. ^ a b c d e f "Pontic Iris (Iris pontica, Iridaceae)". molbiol.ru. 16 June 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  19. ^ a b "propects of hybridization". rfc-online.ru. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  20. ^ a b c Stolley, Gregor. "The genus Iris in Germany". offene-naturfuehrer.de. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  21. ^ Dykes, William. "Dykes on Iris" (PDF). beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises). Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  22. ^ Archibald William Smith A Gardener's Handbook of Plant Names: Their Meanings and Origins, p. 280, at Google Books
  23. ^ "The exhibition "Iris Russia"". flower-iris.ru. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  24. ^ a b "Iris Pontic". plantarium.ru. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  25. ^ "Irises Psammiris (Iris)". flower.onego.ru. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  26. ^ "Iris pontica Zapal., Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 191 (1906)". kew.org. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
  27. ^ a b c d e "Iris pontica". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  28. ^ a b c d e f g Badarau, Alexandru. "Iris pontica Zapal". floraofromania.transsilvanica.net. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  29. ^ "Excursion 1: Rocky vegetation in National Nature Park 'Buz'ky Gard'". botanik.uni-greifswald.de. Retrieved 20 February 2015.

Sources

  • Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR).
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 115–116.
  • Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea.

Read other articles:

Konstantinus IX

Artikel ini perlu diterjemahkan ke bahasa Indonesia. Artikel ini ditulis atau diterjemahkan secara buruk dari Wikipedia bahasa selain Indonesia. Jika halaman ini ditujukan untuk komunitas berbahasa tersebut, halaman itu harus dikontribusikan ke Wikipedia bahasa tersebut. Lihat daftar bahasa Wikipedia. Artikel yang tidak diterjemahkan dapat dihapus secara cepat sesuai kriteria A2. Jika Anda ingin memeriksa artikel ini, Anda boleh menggunakan mesin penerjemah. Namun ingat, mohon tidak menyalin ...

 

 

Acmopyle

Acmopyle Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae Divisi: Pinophyta Kelas: Pinopsida Ordo: Pinales Famili: Podocarpaceae Genus: AcmopylePilg. Species Acmopyle pancheri Acmopyle sahniana Acmopyle adalah genus dari tumbuhan runjung yang termasuk familia podocarp Podocarpaceae. Genus ini mencakup dua spesies yang berupa cemara kecil hingga pohon tinggi bercabang dan pepohonan besar. Acmopyle terbatas untuk dua spesies, A. pancheri, endemik dari Kaledonia Baru, dan A. sahniana, endemik dari Fiji, te...

 

 

Butun

Butun Daun dan bunga yang mekar Status konservasi Risiko Rendah (IUCN 2.3) Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Plantae (tanpa takson): Angiospermae (tanpa takson): Eudikotil (tanpa takson): Asteridae Ordo: Ericales Famili: Lecythidaceae Genus: Barringtonia Spesies: B. asiatica Nama binomial Barringtonia asiatica(L.) Kurz[1] Sinonim[2][3] Agasta asiatica Miers A. indica Miers Barringtonia butonica J.R.Forst. B. speciosa J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. Mammea asi...

West Point, Virginia

This article is about a town in Virginia. For the United States Military Academy, see West Point, New York.This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: West Point, Virginia – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Town in Virginia, Unite...

 

 

Article 27 de la Constitution de la Cinquième République française

Cet article est une ébauche concernant le droit français. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Article 27 de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 Données clés Présentation Pays France Langue(s) officielle(s) Français Type Article de la Constitution Adoption et entrée en vigueur Législature IIIe législature de la Quatrième République française Gouvernement Charles de Gaulle (3e) Promulgation 4...

 

 

Mining in ancient Rome

Mining practices in ancient Rome Entrance to a Roman gold mine Mining in ancient Rome utilized hydraulic mining and shaft mining techniques in combination with equipment such as the Archimedes screw. The materials they produced were used to craft pipes or construct buildings. Quarries were often built through trial trenching and they used tools such as wedges to break the rock apart, which would then be transported using cairns and slipways. Mines typically used slaves and lower-class individ...

2008–09 Turkish Cup

Football tournament season 2008–09 Turkish CupFortis Türkiye KupasıTournament detailsCountryTurkeyDates3 September 2008 –13 May 2009Teams72Defending championsKayserisporFinal positionsChampionsBeşiktaşRunner-upFenerbahçeUEFA Europa LeagueFenerbahçeTournament statisticsMatches played105Top goal scorer(s)Bobô(7 goals)[1]← 2007–082009–10 → The 2008–09 Turkish Cup, also known due to sponsorship reasons as the Fortis Türkiye Kupası, was the 47t...

 

 

معلومات النظام (مايكروسوفت ويندوز)

معلومات النظامالشعارلقطة شاشة لمعلومات النظام على ويندوز 10معلومات عامةنوع مكون في نظام تشغيل مايكروسوفت ويندوز المطورون مايكروسوفت تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات معلومات النظام (msinfo32.exe) هُوَ ملف تعريف نظام [الإنجليزية] مُضمن في نظام التَّشغيل مايكروسوفت ويندوز ي...

 

 

Alessandro Crescenzi (cardinale)

Alessandro Crescenzi, C.R.S.cardinale di Santa Romana Chiesa  Incarichi ricoperti Vescovo di Termoli (1643-1644) Vescovo di Ortona e Campli (1644-1652) Nunzio apostolico nel Ducato di Savoia (1649-1658) Vescovo di Bitonto (1652-1668) Maestro di Camera della Corte Pontificia (1670-1675) Patriarca titolare di Alessandria (1671-1675) Cardinale presbitero di Santa Prisca (1675-1688) Arcivescovo-vescovo di Recanati e Loreto (1676-1682) Camerlengo del Collegio cardinalizio (1685-1687)  Na...

South Africa women's national rugby union team

For the men's team, see South Africa national rugby union team. For the women's sevens team, see South Africa women's national rugby sevens team. South AfricaEmblemSpringbokUnionSouth African Rugby UnionHead coachLouis Koen (interim)CaptainNolusindiso BooiMost capsNolusindiso Booi First colours Second colours World Rugby rankingCurrent12 (as of 4 September 2023)Highest10 (2011)First international South Africa 5–8 Wales  (Port Elizabeth, South Africa; 29 May 2004)Biggest win ...

 

 

Israel Hayom

Israeli daily newspaper Israel HayomFront page, 27 July 2016TypeFree daily newspaperFormatTabloidPublisherMiriam AdelsonEditor-in-chiefOmer LachmanovitchGeneral managerAmir FinkelsteinNews editorUri DagonSports editorOfri AmramiPhoto editorAmi ShoomanLaunched30 July 2007; 16 years ago (2007-07-30)Political alignmentCentre-right[1] to right-wing[2]ConservatismNational liberalismLanguage Hebrew (print and online) English (online) Headquarters2 Ha-Shlosha St., T...

 

 

Peuple cavalier

Cosaque avec son cheval à Alexandropol : photo de Dimitri Ermakov. L'expression peuple cavalier désigne des peuples, en général nomades et vivant sous la tente ou la yourte, qui entretiennent ou ont entretenu un fort lien historique et culturel avec les chevaux. Cet animal est ou fut au centre de leur existence, assurant leurs déplacements comme leurs campagnes guerrières. Spécificités Une des caractéristiques communes des peuples cavaliers, est l'apprentissage de l'équitation ...

Cyanophos

Cyanophos Names Preferred IUPAC name O-(4-Cyanophenyl) O,O-dimethyl phosphorothioate Identifiers CAS Number 2636-26-2 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Beilstein Reference 2695901 ChEBI CHEBI:38621 ChEMBL ChEMBL2271089 ChemSpider 16569 ECHA InfoCard 100.018.301 EC Number 220-130-3 KEGG C18397 PubChem CID 17522 UNII 2AB0Z99OXP UN number 3018 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID0041806 InChI InChI=1S/C9H10NO3PS/c1-11-14(15,12-2)13-9-5-3-8(7-10)4-6-9/h3-6H,1-2H3Key: SCKHCCSZFPSHGR-UHFFFA...

 

 

LGBT rights in Sint Eustatius

LGBT rights in Sint EustatiusSint EustatiusStatusLegalMilitaryLGBT people allowed to serve openlyDiscrimination protectionsDiscrimination based on heterosexual and homosexual orientation prohibitedFamily rightsRecognition of relationshipsSame-sex marriage since 2012AdoptionFull adoption rights since 2012 Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in Sint Eustatius are quite progressive by Caribbean standards. Sint Eustatius forms part of the Caribbean Netherlands and is a special ...

 

 

Mack the Knife

1928 song by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill For other uses, see Mack the Knife (disambiguation). Mack the Knifeby Kurt WeillNative nameDie Moritat von Mackie MesserGenreMoritatTextBertolt BrechtLanguageGermanPublished31 August 1928 (1928-08-31) Mack the Knife or The Ballad of Mack the Knife (German: Die Moritat von Mackie Messer) is a song composed by Kurt Weill with lyrics by Bertolt Brecht for their 1928 music drama The Threepenny Opera (German: Die Dreigroschenoper). The song...

朝陽丸勝人

この存命人物の記事には検証可能な出典が不足しています。信頼できる情報源の提供に協力をお願いします。存命人物に関する出典の無い、もしくは不完全な情報に基づいた論争の材料、特に潜在的に中傷・誹謗・名誉毀損あるいは有害となるものはすぐに除去する必要があります。出典検索?: 朝陽丸勝人 – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii...

 

 

Carlos Alazraqui

Carlos AlazraquiCarlos Alazraqui, difoto pada bulan Juni 2005Nama lahirCarlos Jaime AlazraquiLahir20 Juli 1962 (umur 61)Yonkers, New York, A.S.[1]MediaStand-up, film, televisiKebangsaanAmerikaAlma materSacramento State[2]GenreKomedi observasionalSubjekImpressions, Budaya populerSuami/istriLaura Mala ​(m. 2010)​Anak2Situs webwww.carlosalazraqui.com Carlos Jaime Alazraqui (lahir 20 Juli 1962) pengisi suara, penyanyi, impresionis, produser d...

 

 

بيكو ريفيرا (كاليفورنيا)

بيكو ريفيرا    علم   الإحداثيات 33°59′20″N 118°05′21″W / 33.988888888889°N 118.08916666667°W / 33.988888888889; -118.08916666667   [1] تاريخ التأسيس 1958  تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2][3]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة لوس أنجلوس  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 23.003469 كيلومتر...

تريس كانتوس

  تريس كانتوس (بالإنجليزية) Tres Cantos تريس كانتوسالعلم تريس كانتوسالشعار  خريطة الموقع تقسيم إداري البلد  إسبانيا[1][2] التقسيم الأعلى منطقة مدريد  المسؤولون خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 40°36′24″N 3°42′24″W / 40.6065832°N 3.7065364°W / 40.6065832; -3.7065364 [3]  [4] �...

 

 

Due Leoni-Fontana Candida (Rome Metro)

Rome metro station Due Leoni-Fontana CandidaGeneral informationCoordinates41°51′54″N 12°39′29″E / 41.864907°N 12.658093°E / 41.864907; 12.658093Owned byATACConstructionStructure typeat-gradeParkingyesHistoryOpened9 November 2014; 9 years ago (2014-11-09)Services Preceding station Rome Metro Following station Grotte Celonitowards San Giovanni Line C Borghesianatowards Monte Compatri-Pantano LocationClick on the map to see marker Due Leoni-F...