Iridium-192

Iridium-192, 192Ir
General
Symbol192Ir
NamesIridium-192, 192Ir, Ir-192
Protons (Z)77
Neutrons (N)115
Nuclide data
Natural abundancesynthetic
Half-life (t1/2)73.827 days
Isotope mass191.9626050(18) Da
Spin4+
Parent isotopes192mOs (β−)
Decay products192Pt
192Os
Decay modes
Decay modeDecay energy (MeV)
Isotopes of iridium
Complete table of nuclides

Iridium-192 (symbol 192Ir) is a radioactive isotope of iridium, with a half-life of 73.827 days.[1] It decays by emitting beta (β) particles and gamma (γ) radiation. About 96% of 192Ir decays occur via emission of β and γ radiation, leading to 192Pt. Some of the β particles are captured by other 192Ir nuclei, which are then converted to 192Os. Electron capture is responsible for the remaining 4% of 192Ir decays.[2] Iridium-192 is normally produced by neutron activation of natural-abundance iridium metal.[3] Iridium-192 is a very strong gamma ray emitter, with a gamma dose-constant of approximately 1.54 μSv·h−1·MBq−1 at 30 cm, and a specific activity of 341 TBq·g−1 (9.22 kCi·g−1).[4][5] There are seven principal energy packets produced during its disintegration process ranging from just over 0.2 to about 0.6 MeV. It is commonly used as a gamma ray source in industrial radiography to locate flaws in metal components.[6] It is also used in radiotherapy as a radiation source, in particular in brachytherapy. Iridium-192 has accounted for the majority of cases tracked by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission in which radioactive materials have gone missing in quantities large enough to make a dirty bomb.[7]

The metastable isomer 192m2Ir is iridium's most stable isomer. It decays by isomeric transition with a half-life of 241 years,[8] which makes it unusual, both for its long half-life for an isomer, and that said half-life greatly exceeds that of the ground state of the same isotope.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Radioisotope Brief: Iridium-192 (Ir-192)". Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  2. ^ Braggerly, L. L. (1956). The radioactive decay of Iridium-192 (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Pasadena, Calif.: California Institute of Technology. pp. 1, 2, 7. doi:10.7907/26VA-RB25.
  3. ^ "Isotope Supplier: Stable Isotopes and Radioisotopes from ISOFLEX - Iridium-192". www.isoflex.com. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
  4. ^ Delacroix, D; Guerre, J P; Leblanc, P; Hickman, C (2002). "Radionuclide and Radiation Protection Data Handbook" (PDF). Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 98 (1) (2nd ed.). Ashford, Kent: Nuclear Technology Publishing: 9–168. doi:10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.RPD.A006705. ISBN 1870965876. PMID 11916063. S2CID 123447679. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-22.
  5. ^ Unger, L M; Trubey, D K (May 1982). Specific Gamma-Ray Dose Constants for Nuclides Important to Dosimetry and Radiological Assessment (PDF) (Report). Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 March 2018.
  6. ^ Charles Hellier (2003). Handbook of Nondestructive Evaluation. McGraw-Hill. p. 6.20. ISBN 978-0-07-028121-9.
  7. ^ Steve Coll (March 12, 2007). "The Unthinkable". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2007-03-09.
  8. ^ Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001

Read other articles:

Trade paperback (comics)

Comic books reprinted in book form Trade paperbackComicsSpeech balloon Comics studies Education Glossary History by country Methods Cartooning Photo comics Media formats Comic book Comic strip Digital comic Gag cartoon Trade paperback Graphic novel Political cartoon Webcomic Webtoon Comics by country and culture American comics Argentine comics Australian comics Bandes dessinées (Belgium / Quebec) Brazilian comics British comics (Welsh-language) Canadian comics Croatian comics Czech comics D...

 

Guatemala

Country in Central America This article is about the country in Central America. For other uses, see Guatemala (disambiguation). Republic of GuatemalaRepública de Guatemala (Spanish) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Libre crezca fecundo[1] (Spanish)Grow Free and FecundAnthem: Himno Nacional de Guatemala(English: National Anthem of Guatemala)March:La Granadera(English: The Song of the Grenadier)Location on the Western HemisphereGuatemala and its neighborsCapitaland largest city...

 

Burung hantu kecil

Burung hantu kecil Athene noctua Rekaman Status konservasiRisiko rendahIUCN22689328 TaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumChordataKelasAvesOrdoStrigiformesFamiliStrigidaeGenusAtheneSpesiesAthene noctua Scopoli, 1769 Tata namaSinonim taksonCarine noctuaDistribusiRange of the little owl lbs Athene noctua vidalii Burung hantu kecil (Athene noctua) adalah spesies Burung hantu yang mendiami sebagian besar bagian Eropa yang beriklim sedang dan lebih hangat, timur ke Korea, dan Afrika Utara. Itu diperkenalk...

Chairlift

Type of aerial lift For the musical group, see Chairlift (band). Not to be confused with lift chair or stairlift. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Chairlift – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) A chairlift in Sierra ...

 

Clamecy, Nièvre

Subprefecture and commune in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, FranceClamecySubprefecture and communeBridge over the Beuvron Coat of armsLocation of Clamecy ClamecyShow map of FranceClamecyShow map of Bourgogne-Franche-ComtéCoordinates: 47°27′39″N 3°31′13″E / 47.4608°N 3.5203°E / 47.4608; 3.5203CountryFranceRegionBourgogne-Franche-ComtéDepartmentNièvreArrondissementClamecyCantonClamecyIntercommunalityHaut Nivernais-Val d'YonneGovernment • Mayor (202...

 

2020年夏季奧林匹克運動會波蘭代表團

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会波兰代表團波兰国旗IOC編碼POLNOC波蘭奧林匹克委員會網站olimpijski.pl（英文）（波兰文）2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会（東京）2021年7月23日至8月8日（受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟，但仍保留原定名称）運動員206參賽項目24个大项旗手开幕式：帕维尔·科热尼奥夫斯基（游泳）和马娅·沃什乔夫斯卡（自行车）[1]闭幕式：卡罗利娜·纳亚（皮划艇）&#...

مقاطعة كاباروس (كارولاينا الشمالية)

مقاطعة كاباروس     الإحداثيات 35°23′N 80°33′W / 35.39°N 80.55°W / 35.39; -80.55   [1] تاريخ التأسيس 1792  تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2]  التقسيم الأعلى كارولاينا الشمالية  العاصمة كونكورد  التقسيمات الإدارية كانابوليس  خصائص جغرافية  المس...

 

Переяславська фортеця

Переяславська фортеця 50°03′51″ пн. ш. 31°27′46″ сх. д. / 50.06422600002777301° пн. ш. 31.46298400002777740° сх. д. / 50.06422600002777301; 31.46298400002777740Координати: 50°03′51″ пн. ш. 31°27′46″ сх. д. / 50.06422600002777301° пн. ш. 31.46298400002777740° сх. д. / 50.06422600002777301; 3...

 

Ulster Defence Association

Ulster loyalist paramilitary group formed in 1971 C Company redirects here. For the Bollywood movie, see C Kkompany. Ulster Defence AssociationEmblem of the Ulster Defence AssociationLeaders Charles Harding Smith (1971–1973) Andy Tyrie (1973–1988) John McMichael (Commander of the UFF until 1987)[1] Inner Council: Jackie McDonald, Johnny Adair, Jim Gray, Andre Shoukri, James Simpson, South East Antrim Commander , Billy McFarland, Matt Kincaid[1] Dates of operationSeptember ...

Sepatu

Sepatu adalah salah satu jenis alas kaki (footwear) yang biasanya terdiri atas bagian-bagian sol, hak, kap, tali, dan lidah. Biasanya juga terbuat dari kanvas atau kulit yang menutupi semua bagian mulai dari jari jemari, punggung kaki hingga bagian tumit yang difungsikan untuk [1]melindungi kaki dari kotoran berupa debu, kerikil, atau bahkan lumpur dan puing. Pengelompokkan sepatu biasanya dilakukan berdasarkan fungsi atau tipenya, seperti sepatu resmi (pesta), sepatu santai (kasual),...

 

Clonmel

Town in County Tipperary, Ireland For other uses, see Clonmel (disambiguation). Town in Munster, IrelandClonmel Cluain MealaTownThe Quays, Clonmel. Coat of armsMotto(s): Fidelis in Æternum  (Latin)Faithful ForeverClonmelLocation in IrelandCoordinates: 52°21′14″N 7°42′42″W / 52.3539°N 7.7116°W / 52.3539; -7.7116CountryIrelandProvinceMunsterCountyCounty TipperaryGovernment • Dáil constituencyTipperary • EP constituency...

 

Imizu

City in Chūbu, JapanImizu 射水市CityKaioumaru Park and Shinminato Bridge FlagEmblemLocation of Imizu in Toyama PrefectureImizu Coordinates: 36°43′50″N 137°4′32″E / 36.73056°N 137.07556°E / 36.73056; 137.07556Country JapanRegionChūbu (Hokuriku)Prefecture ToyamaGovernment • MayorMotoshi NatsunoArea • Total109.43 km2 (42.25 sq mi)Population (October 1, 2020) • Total90,807 • ...

Trino

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Trino (moteur de requête SQL). Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité italienne et le Piémont. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Trino Armoiries Noms Nom français Trin Administration Pays Italie Région Piémont  Province Verceil  Code postal 13039 Code ISTAT 002148 Code cadastral L429 Préfixe tel. 0161 Démographie Gentilé trinesi Pop...

 

サッカーポーランド代表

この項目では、男子代表について説明しています。女子代表については「サッカーポーランド女子代表」をご覧ください。 サッカーポーランド代表 国または地域 ポーランド協会 ポーランドサッカー協会FIFAコード POL愛称 Biało-czerwoni (白と赤)Białe Orły (白鷲)最多出場選手 ロベルト・レヴァンドフスキ（152試合）最多得点選手 ロベルト・レヴァンドフスキ（83得点） ホ�...

 

ملعب ريزال التذكاري

ملعب ريزال التذكاريمعلومات عامةسمّي باسم خوسيه ريزال المنطقة الإدارية مانيلا البلد  الفلبين التشييد والافتتاحالافتتاح الرسمي 1934 المهندس المعماري خوان إم. أريلانو المقاول الرئيس Philippine Sports Commission (en) الاستعمالالمستضيف منتخب الفلبين لكرة القدم المالك Philippine Sports Commission (en) �...

Differential geometry

Branch of mathematics dealing with functions and geometric structures on differentiable manifolds A triangle immersed in a saddle-shape plane (a hyperbolic paraboloid), as well as two diverging ultraparallel lines GeometryProjecting a sphere to a plane OutlineHistory (Timeline) Branches Euclidean Non-Euclidean Elliptic Spherical Hyperbolic Non-Archimedean geometry Projective Affine Synthetic Analytic Algebraic Arithmetic Diophantine Differential Riemannian Symplectic Discrete differential Com...

 

Buëch

le Buëch Le Buëch. Cours du Buëch (carte interactive du bassin de la Durance). Caractéristiques Longueur 85,2 km [1] Bassin 1 490 km2 Bassin collecteur Rhône Débit moyen 23 m3/s (Sisteron) Régime nival Cours Source Flanc ouest du massif du Dévoluy au sud du Grand Ferrand · Localisation Lus-la-Croix-Haute · Altitude env 2 400 m · Coordonnées 44° 41′ 07″ N, 5° 48′ 46″ E Confluence Durance · Localisation Lieu-dit...

 

マドリード音楽院

マドリード音楽院 大学設置 1830年創立 [[]]学校種別 音楽本部所在地 スペインマドリードウェブサイト http://www.rcsmm.euテンプレートを表示 マドリード音楽院（まどりーどおんがくいん、英語: 、公用語表記: Real Conservatorio Superior de Música de Madrid）は、スペインマドリードに本部を置くスペインの音楽大学。[[]]創立、1830年大学設置。 ポータル クラシック音楽 沿革 183...

Vallow–Daybell doomsday murders

2019 American disappearance, filicide and multiple murders case Vallow–Daybell doomsday murdersLocationChandler and Gilbert, Arizona, USRexburg, Idaho, USDateJuly–October 2019Target5 family members including Brandon BoudreauxDeathsCharles Vallow (shot)Tylee Ryan (unknown)J. J. Vallow (asphyxiated)Tammy Daybell (asphyxiated)PerpetratorsAlex Cox (died December 2019)Lori Vallow Daybell (arrested February 20, 2020)Chad Daybell (arrested June 9)MotiveExtramarital affairBelief in spirit possess...

 

Acuerdo de Cotonú

     Grupo del Caribe      Grupo del Este y Sur de África      Grupo del Pacífico      Grupo de África del Oeste      Grupo Sudafricano      Grupo Centroafricano      Grupo Esteafricano El Acuerdo de Cotonú era un tratado de intercambio comercial y de asistencia firmado en el 2000, y finalizado el 2 de enero de 2020 ...