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General

Muhammad Iqbal Khan

NI(M) HI(M) SI(M) SBt
General; Muhammad Iqbal Khan; NI(M) HI(M) SI(M) SBt
	Khan (right) c. 1980
Birth name	Mohammad Iqbal Khan
Nickname(s)	M.I. Khan
Born	Pindi Gheb, Punjab, British India
Died	Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
Allegiance	British Raj (1944-1947); Pakistan (1947-1984)
Service / branch	British Indian Army; Pakistan Army
Years of service	1944–1984
Rank	General
Service number	PA – 2052
Unit	Guides Infantry, Frontier Force
Commands	Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff; Deputy Chief of Army Staff; V Corps in Karachi; IV Corps in Lahore; Chief of General Staff, Army GHQ; 33rd Infantry Division, Quetta; DG Military Intelligence (DG MI)
Battles / wars	Indo-Pakistani War of 1947; Indo-Pakistani War of 1965; Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War; Operation Searchlight; ; Fourth Balochistan Conflict; Soviet–Afghan War;
Awards	Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military); Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military); Sitara-e-Imtiaz (Military); Sitara-e-Basalat

Mohammad Iqbal Khan NI(M) HI(M) SI(M) SBt (Urdu: اقبال خان‬) (1924–2000) was a senior general in the Pakistan Army who served as the third Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee from being appointed in 1980 until 1984.^[2]^[3]

Biography

Mohammad Iqbal Khan was educated and graduated from the Military College in Jhelum and was commissioned in the British Indian Army in 1944.^[3] He joined the Guides Infantry in the 2nd Frontier Force Regiment as 2nd-Lt. and later serving in the first war with India on Kashmir front in 1947.^[3]^[4]

After participating in Second war with India in 1965, Brigadier Iqbal was appointed as the Director-General of the Military Intelligence in 1969, and was politically involved in supporting the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) against the Awami League.^: 50^[5] Eventually, Brig. Iqbal held the responsibility of Military Intelligence in 1971.^[6]

In 1971–73, Major-General Iqbal held the command of the 33rd Infantry Division in Quetta as its GOC, and oversaw the military operations against the armed insurgency groups in Balochistan in Pakistan.^[7]

In 1974, Major General Iqbal was posted as Chief of General Staff (CGS) under Chief of Army Staff General Tikka Khan at the Army GHQ in Rawalpindi which he served until 1976.^[8] In 1976, Maj-Gen. Iqbal was promoted to the three-star rank army general and was posted as field commander of the IV Corps based in Lahore.^[9]

In 1977, Lieutenant-General Iqbal took over the control of the Punjab in Pakistan as its martial law administrator when Chief of Army Staff Gen. Zia-ul-Haq imposed the martial law against the civilian government on 5 July 1977.^: 194^[10] Lt-Gen. Iqbal was later rotated when Lt-Gen. Sawar Khan took command of the IV Corps, and appointed as the field commander of the V Corps and served as the martial law administrator of Sindh in Pakistan.^[11]

In 1978, Lt-Gen. Iqbal was again posted at the Army GHQ in Rawalpindi when he was appointed as the Deputy Chief of Army Staff (DCOAS) under President Zia-ul-Haq.^: 430^[12] During this time, he was appointed as the Colonel Commandant of the Frontier Force Regiment, which he served until his retirement in 1984.^[1]

Chairman Joint chiefs (1980–1984)

In 1980, Lt-Gen. Iqbal, who at that time was the senior military officer in the military, was promoted to the four-star rank and appointed as the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.^: 156^[12]

In 1980, Gen. Iqbal played a crucial role in maintaining of the Afghan Arabs in the country and supported the anti-Russian agitation when Soviet Union intervened in Afghanistan.^: contents^[13] Gen. iqbal eventually and coordinated the national security meetings concerning the covert efforts in Afghanistan.^: contents^[13]^: viii^[14] In 1984, Gen. Iqbal completed his four-year term and eventually retired from the military.^[2]

Awards and decorations

Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military) (Order of Excellence)		Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military) (Crescent of Excellence)
Sitara-e-Imtiaz (Military) (Star of Excellence)	Sitara-e-Basalat (Star of Good Conduct)	Tamgha-e-Diffa (General Service Medal)	Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War (War Medal 1965)
Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War (War Medal 1971)	Pakistan Tamgha (Pakistan Independence Medal) 1947	Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e- Wiladat-e-Quaid-e-Azam (100th Birth Anniversary of Muhammad Ali Jinnah) 1976	Tamgha-e-Jamhuria (Republic Commemoration Medal) 1956
Hijri Tamgha (Hijri Medal) 1979	Order of Military Merit (Jordan)	War Medal 1939-1945	United Nations UN UNOC 1 Medal (Congo Clasp)

Foreign Decorations

Foreign Awards
Jordan	The Order of Military Merit
UK	War Medal 1939-1945
UN	UN UNOC 1 Medal

References

^ ^a ^b Pakistan (1978). The Gazette of Pakistan. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b "CJCSC office in Pakistan and the world over". The News International. Islamabad. 8 October 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Honours of MCJ". Military College Jhelum. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^ A.H. Amin. "Interview with Brig (retd) Shamim Yasin Manto" Archived 2013-05-03 at the Wayback Machine Defence Journal, February 2002
^ Siddiqi, brigadier Abdul Rahman (2004). East Pakistan, the endgame : an onlooker's journal, 1969-1971. Karachi: Oxford University Press. p. 260. ISBN 9780195799934.
^ Hamid Hussain. "Demons of December" Archived 2011-06-09 at the Wayback Machine Defence Journal, 2002 December
^ Sehgal, Maj. Ikram (23 August 2007). "Learning from experience". The Daily Star. Islamabad. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^ A.H. Amin "Remembering Our Warriors: Maj Gen (Retd) Tajammal Hussain Malik" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Defence Journal, September 2001
^ "Remembering Our Warriors". www.researchgate.net. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^ Norman, Omar (2013). "(§Ethnic Conflict)". Pakistan:Political and Economics History since 1947 (google books). New York [u.s.]: Routledge. p. 225. ISBN 9781136143946. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^ Rizwan Hussain. Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan Ashgate Publishing, 2005, ISBN 0-7546-4434-0
^ ^a ^b "Pakistan under Zia, 1977–1988" by Shahid Javed Burki Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 10 (October, 1988), pp. 1082–1100
^ ^a ^b Hilali, A. Z. (2017). US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. Routledge. ISBN 9781351876223. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
^ Matinuddin, Kamal (1991). Power struggle in the Hindu Kush: Afghanistan, 1978-1991. Wajidalis. Retrieved 6 April 2018.

Military offices
Preceded by M. Rahim Khan	Chief of General Staff 1974–1976	Succeeded by Abdullah Malik
Preceded by Mohammad Shariff	Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee 1980–1984	Succeeded by Rahimuddin Khan