Integrated Authority File

Gemeinsame Normdatei
GND: Screenshot of the
German National Library.
AcronymGND
OrganisationDNB
Introduced5 April 2012 (2012-04-05)
Example7749153-1
Websited-nb.info/gnd

The Gemeinsame Normdatei (translated as Integrated Authority File) or GND is an international authority file for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from catalogues. It is used mainly for documentation in libraries and increasingly also by archives and museums. The GND is managed by the German National Library (German: Deutsche Nationalbibliothek; DNB) in cooperation with various regional library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners. The GND falls under the Creative Commons Zero (CC0) licence.[1]

The GND specification provides a hierarchy of high-level entities and sub-classes, useful in library classification, and an approach to unambiguous identification of single elements. It also comprises an ontology intended for knowledge representation in the semantic web, available in the RDF format.[2]

The GND became operational in April 2012 and integrates the content of the following authority files, which have since been discontinued:

  • Personennamendatei (PND) (Translation: Name Authority File)
  • Gemeinsame Körperschaftsdatei (GKD) (Translation: Corporate Bodies Authority File)
  • Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) (Translation: Subject Headings Authority File)
  • Einheitssachtitel-Datei des Deutschen Musikarchivs (DMA-EST) (Translation: Uniform Title File of the German Music Archive)

It is referred to by identifiers named GND-ID.

At the time of its introduction on 5 April 2012, the GND held 9,493,860 files, including 2,650,000 personalised names.[citation needed] In July 2020 non-individualized files were deleted. In 2022, the GND held 9,370,736 files, including 5,937,788 personalised names.[3]

The GND participates in the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) project.

Types of GND high-level entities

There are six main types of GND entities:[4]

Typ German (official) English (translation)
p Person person
k Körperschaft corporate body
v Veranstaltung event
w Werk work
s Sachbegriff topical term
g Geografikum geographical place name

References

  1. ^ www.dnb.de/EN/Professionell/Standardisierung/GND/gnd_node.html Edit this at Wikidata Integrated Authority File (GND)
  2. ^ GND Ontology – Namespace Document Archived 2013-01-03 at the Wayback Machine, version 2012-06-30.
  3. ^ "Statistik 2022" (PDF). Deutsche Nationalbibliothek. p. 8. Retrieved 2024-02-25.
  4. ^ „Entitätencodierung – Vergaberichtlinien“ (pdf)
Wikidata has the property:

Read other articles:

Sonic Youth

Sonic YouthKim Gordon e Thurston Moore, Stoccolma 2005 Paese d'origine Stati Uniti GenereNoise rock[1]Rock alternativo[1] Periodo di attività musicale1981 – 2011 Album pubblicati20 Studio15 Live2 Raccolte3 Logo ufficiale Sito ufficiale Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale I Sonic Youth sono stati un gruppo alternative/noise rock statunitense, formatosi nel 1981 a New York. Hanno all'attivo oltre 20 album. I componenti del gruppo sono stati ...

 

The Women (play)

1936 play by Clare Boothe LuceThis article is about the Broadway play. For the 1939 film based on it, see The Women (1939 film). For the 2008 film adaptation, see The Women (2008 film). For the 2017 Nigerian thriller, which is not related to the play, see The Women (2017 film).The WomenFirst editionWritten byClare Boothe LuceCharacters Mary (Mrs. Haines) Crystal Allen Sylvia (Mrs. Fowler) Peggy (Mrs. Day) Nancy Blake Edith (Mrs. Potter) Mrs. Morehead Countess De Lage Date premieredDecember...

 

Cephalochordata

CephalochordataRentang fosil: Middle Cambrian–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N Branchiostoma lanceolatum Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Subfilum: CephalochordataHaeckel, 1866[1] Grup †Pikaiidae Walcott 1911 Leptocardii Müller, 1845 †Cathaymyrus Shu, Conway Morris & Zhang 1996 †Paleobranchiostoma Oelofsen & Loock 1981 Branchiostomiformes Asymmetronidae Branchiostomidae Bonaparte 1841 Sinonim Pharyngobranchii (atau Cirrhostomi) Owen, 1846 Amp...

Sydney Sweeney

Sydney SweeneySweeney tahun 2023Lahir12 September 1997 (umur 26)Spokane, Washington, Amerika Serikat[1]PekerjaanAktrisTahun aktif2009–sekarangPasanganJonathan DavinoTanda tangan Sydney Sweeney (lahir 12 September 1997)[2][3] adalah seorang aktris asal Amerika Serikat. Dia muncul dalam seri Netflix, Everything Sucks! (2018) dan memiliki peran pendukung dalam seri Hulu, The Handmaid's Tale (2018) dan mini seri HBO Sharp Objects (2019). Peran terobosan Sweene...

 

Santerjhora

Place in Kosi Zone, NepalShantinagarShantinagarLocation in NepalCoordinates: 26°39′N 87°10′E / 26.65°N 87.17°E / 26.65; 87.17Country   NepalZoneKosi ZoneDistrictSunsari DistrictPopulation (1991) • Total9,351Time zoneUTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) SHANTINAGAR (oldname: shantijhoda) was a Village Development Committee, until it became municipality in Sunsari District in the Kosi Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal cen...

 

Élections cantonales de 2011 dans la Loire

2008 2015 (départementales) Élections cantonales de 2011 dans la Loire 22 des 40 cantons de la Loire 20 et 27 mars 2011 Type d’élection Élections cantonales Majorité départementale – Bernard Bonne Liste UMPDVDNC Sièges obtenus 19  1 Opposition départementale Liste PSDVGPCF Sièges obtenus 18  2 PCF : 1 siège PS : 16 sièges DVD : 15 sièges UMP : 6 sièges Président du Conseil général Sortant Élu Bernard Bonne UMP Bernard Bon...

Oki Doni Siregar

Ini adalah nama Batak Angkola, marganya adalah Siregar. Oki Doni Siregar Wakil Wali Kota Tebing Tinggi ke-2PetahanaMulai menjabat 2014PresidenJoko WidodoGubernurTengku Erry NuradiEdy RahmayadiWali KotaUmar Zunaidi Hasibuan PendahuluIrham TaufikPenggantiPetahana Informasi pribadiLahir29 Januari 1969 (umur 55)Kuala Simpang, Aceh Tamiang, AcehKebangsaanIndonesiaSuami/istriNila ErwitaSunting kotak info • L • B Ir.H.Oki Doni Siregar,MM (lahir 29 Januari 1969) adalah Waki...

 

Mao Zedong

Disambiguazione – Mao rimanda qui. Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Mao (disambigua). Mao Zedong毛泽东Mao Zedong nel 1959 Presidente del Partito Comunista CineseDurata mandato19 giugno 1945 –9 settembre 1976 Predecessorese stesso come Presidente del Politburo Centrale SuccessoreHua Guofeng Presidente della Repubblica Popolare CineseDurata mandato27 settembre 1954 –27 aprile 1959 Vice presidenteZhu De Capo del governoZhou Enlai Predece...

 

This TV

American digital television network Television channel This TVTypeFree-to-air television networkCountryUnited StatesBroadcast areaNationwide, via digital terrestrial television(83% U.S.coverage)[1]AffiliatesList of affiliatesHeadquartersCentury City, CaliforniaProgrammingPicture format720p (HDTV)480i or 480p 4:3 (normal and letterbox) (SDTV)OwnershipOwnerAllen Media GroupParentAllen Media Broadcast Networks, LLCHistoryFoundedJuly 28, 2008; 15 years ago (2008-07-28)La...

Hungarian pop

Music of Hungary Genres Folk hip hop indie metal opera pop rock Media and performance Music awards Hungarian Music Awards Fonogram Music festivals Balaton Sound Budapest Fringe Festival Miskolc Opera Festival Sziget Festival Music media Music television Rádió Rock 95.8 Nationalistic and patriotic songs National anthem Himnusz Other SzózatSzékely HimnuszNemzeti Dal vte Hungarian pop is the pop music scene of Hungary. It is often associated with Rezső Seress's song Gloomy Sunday which was...

 

Pointe (littérature)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Pointe. La peste de ta chute : pointe du Misanthrope. Une pointe est un agrément de l’esprit consistant dans la mise en relief d’un rapport inattendu entre deux idées par le rapprochement insolite de deux mots. L’exemple cité par Marmontel est un exemple de pointe : « Un cheval étant tombé dans une cave, la foule s’amasse, et l’on se demande : « Comment le tirer de là ? — C’est bien simple, dit un plaisant,...

 

Edmondo Behles

Cet article est une ébauche concernant un photographe allemand et un photographe italien. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?). Pour plus d’informations, voyez le projet associé. Edmondo BehlesBiographieNaissance 21 juillet 1841Heidenheim ou StuttgartDécès 21 novembre 1921 ou 23 novembre 1921RomeNationalités italienne (17 mars 1861 - 23 novembre 1921)allemandeActivités Photographe, peintrePériode d'activité 1859-1890Autres informationsPartenair...

1992 NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championships

Tennis tournament1992 NCAA Division I Women's Tennis ChampionshipsDateMay 13–17, 1992Edition11thLocation Stanford, CaliforniaVenue Stanford Tennis StadiumStanford UniversityChampionsWomen's singles Lisa Raymond(Florida)Women's doubles Mamie Ceniza / Iwalani McCalla(UCLA Bruin Women's tennis) ← 1991 · NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championships · 1993 → The 1992 NCAA Division I Women's Tennis Championships were the 11th annual championships to determine the...

 

Seven (lagu Jungkook)

SevenOriginal and clean version cover[A]Singel oleh Jungkook featuring Lattodari album GoldenDirilis14 Juli 2023Genre UK garage pop Durasi3:05LabelBig HitPencipta Andrew Watt Cirkut Jon Bellion Latto Theron Makiel Thomas Produser Watt Cirkut Kronologi singel Jungkook Dreamers (2022) Seven (2023) 3D (2023) Kronologi singel Latto Put It on da Floor Again(2023) Seven(2023) Too Fast (Pull Over)(2023) Video musikSeven di YouTube Seven adalah lagu dari penyanyi asal Korea Selatan ...

 

Order of precedence in the Catholic Church

Precedence of persons This article is about precedence of persons. For precedence of liturgical days, see Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite. Part of a series on theHierarchy of theCatholic ChurchSaint Peter Ecclesiastical titles (order of precedence) Pope Cardinal Cardinal Vicar Crown Prince Protector Moderator of the curia Chaplain of His Holiness Papal legate Papal majordomo Apostolic nuncio Apostolic delegate Apostolic Syndic Apostolic visitor Vicar apostolic Apostolic exarch Ap...

الرد على المنطقيين (كتاب)

الرد على المنطقيين الرد على المنطقيين (نصيحة أهل الإيمان في الرد على منطق اليونان) معلومات الكتاب المؤلف الإمام ابن تيمية اللغة العربية السلسلة كتب الحديث الموضوع الطوائف والفرق والأديان تعديل مصدري - تعديل   الرد على المنطقيين. كتاب لشيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية يبحث عما اتخذ...

 

United States Department of Commerce and Labor

Former executive department of the United States government; split into two departments in 1913 United States Department of Commerce and LaborSeal of the U.S. Department of Commerce and LaborAgency overviewFormedFebruary 14, 1903; 121 years ago (1903-02-14)Preceding agencynoneDissolvedMarch 4, 1913; 111 years ago (1913-03-04)Superseding agencyUnited States Department of Commerce United States Department of Labor JurisdictionUnited States of Americ...

 

Entity Framework

Open source object-relational mapping framework Entity FrameworkOriginal author(s)MicrosoftDeveloper(s).NET FoundationInitial releaseAugust 11, 2008; 15 years ago (2008-08-11)Stable releaseEntity Framework 6: v6.4.4Entity Framework Core: v8.0.0 / Entity Framework Core: November 14, 2023; 7 months ago (2023-11-14)[1] Repositorygithub.com/dotnet/ef6github.com/dotnet/efcoreWritten inC#Platform.NET Framework,.NET CoreTypeObject–relational mappingLicen...

Vajrayana

Indian Buddhist tantric tradition Buddhist tantra and Esoteric Buddhism redirect here. For the esoteric Buddhist scriptures, see Buddhist tantric literature. For the book by A. P. Sinnett, see Esoteric Buddhism (book). A vajra and bell (ghanta), which are classic ritual symbols of Vajrayāna Part of a series onVajrayana Buddhism TraditionsHistorical traditions: Ari-Acharya Burmese-Bengal † Yunnan Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism † Filipino Esoteric Buddhism † East Asian Chinese Japanese Nep...

 

List of Brazilians of Black African descent

Ethnic group Black BrazilianBrasileiros PretosTotal population20,656,45810.2% of the Brazilian population(2022 Census)[1]Regions with significant populationsBrazilLanguagesPortugueseReligionPredominantly Christianity (majority Roman Catholic)Related ethnic groupsBrazilian People, Black People, African American, Afro Chilean, Afro Argentine, Afro-Cuban, Afro-Ecuadorian, Afro-Latin American, Afro-Mexican, Afro-Peruvian, Afro-Trinidadian, Black Canadian, African Australian, Afro-Jamaica...