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Hordeivirus
Virus classification
(unranked):	Virus
Realm:	Riboviria
Kingdom:	Orthornavirae
Phylum:	Kitrinoviricota
Class:	Alsuviricetes
Order:	Martellivirales
Family:	Virgaviridae
Genus:	Hordeivirus

Hordeivirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Virgaviridae.^[1]^[2] Plants serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus.^[1]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Taxonomy

The following four species are assigned to the genus:^[4]^[6]^: 386

Anthoxanthum latent blanching virus (ALBV) (Hosts Anthoxanthum odoratum.)^[6]^: 387
Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)
Lychnis ringspot virus (LRSV) (Hosts Silene divaricata/Lychnis divaricata,^[6]^: 387 Mentha longifolia,^[6]^: 387 Nicotiana benthamiana,^[6]^: 392 several families of dicots, not legumes or cereals.)^[6]^: 387
Poa semilatent virus (PSLV) (Hosts Elymus trachycaulus, Poa palustris, several tribes of the Poaceae, barley, wheat, oat, other true cereals - no dicots. Thought to not be seed transmitted.)^[6]^: 387

Structure

Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) genome organization with functional regions of the γb protein highlighted

Viruses in the genus Hordeivirus are non-enveloped, with rod-shaped geometries. The diameter is around 20-25 nm, with a length of 20-25 nm. Genomes are linear and segmented, tripartite or quadripartite, around 3.3kb in length.^[1]^[3] The earliest research on Hordeiviruses has been done on BSMV, and RNA sequencing shows BSMV's guide RNAs encode for seven major proteins, and suggest that this is true for the entire genus.^[6]^: 388

Genus	Structure	Symmetry	Capsid	Genomic arrangement	Genomic segmentation
Hordeivirus	Rod-shaped	Helical	Non-enveloped	Linear	Segmented

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by tripartite non-tubule guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are seed borne.^[1]^[3]

Genus	Host details	Tissue tropism	Entry details	Release details	Replication site	Assembly site	Transmission
Hordeivirus	Plants	None	Unknown	Viral movement	Cytoplasm	Cytoplasm	Mechanical: contact; seed^[6]^: 386

Hosts

Monocots, and dicots including Chenopodium spp.^[6]^: 386

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "ICTV Report Virgaviridae".
^ Adams, Michael J.; Antoniw, John F.; Kreuze, Jan (28 October 2009). "Virgaviridae: a new family of rod-shaped plant viruses". Archives of Virology. 154 (12). Springer: 1967–1972. doi:10.1007/s00705-009-0506-6. ISSN 0304-8608. PMID 19862474.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
^ Bragg, J.N., Solovyev, A.G., Morozov, S. Yu, Atabekov, J.G. Jackson, A.O. Horeivirus (2006). ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Jackson, Andrew O.; Lim, Hyoun-Sub; Bragg, Jennifer; Ganesan, Uma; Lee, Mi Yeon (2009). "Hordeivirus Replication, Movement, and Pathogenesis". Annual Review of Phytopathology. 47 (1). Annual Reviews: 385–422. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080508-081733. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 19400645.