Gustavo Dudamel

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Dudamel and the second or maternal family name is Ramírez.
Gustavo Dudamel
Dudamel in 2008
Born
Gustavo Adolfo Dudamel Ramírez

(1981-01-26) 26 January 1981 (age 43)[1]
Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela[2]
Citizenship
  • Venezuela (1981–present)
  • Spain (2018–present)
Occupations
  • conductor
  • violinist
  • composer
Years active1999–present
Organizations
Spouses
​
​
(m. 2006; div. 2015)​
​
(m. 2017)​
Children1
Websitegustavodudamel.com

Gustavo Adolfo Dudamel Ramírez (born 26 January 1981) is a Venezuelan conductor. He is currently the music director of the Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra and the Los Angeles Philharmonic. He is scheduled to become the Music and Artistic Director of the New York Philharmonic in 2026.[3]

Early life

Dudamel was born in Barquisimeto, Venezuela, the son of a trombonist and a voice teacher.[4] He studied music from an early age. In 1986 he became involved with El Sistema, the famous Venezuelan social action music programme, initially learning the violin.[5] He soon began to study composition. He attended the Jacinto Lara Conservatory, where José Luis Jiménez was among his violin teachers. He then went on to work with José Francisco del Castillo at the Latin-American Violin Academy.[citation needed]

Dudamel began to study conducting in 1995, first with Rodolfo Saglimbeni, then later with José Antonio Abreu. In 1999, he was appointed music director of the Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra, the national youth orchestra of Venezuela, and toured several countries. He attended Charles Dutoit's master class in Buenos Aires, Argentina in 2002, and worked as assistant conductor to Simon Rattle in Berlin, Germany and Salzburg, Austria in 2003.

Career

Conducting

Dudamel won a number of competitions, including the Gustav Mahler Conducting Competition in Germany in 2004.[6] His reputation began to spread, attracting the attention of conductors such as Simon Rattle and Claudio Abbado, who accepted invitations to conduct the Simón Bolívar Orchestra in Veneite.[7] In April 2006 Dudamel was appointed as principal conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony for the 2007/2008 season.[8]

Dudamel made his debut at La Scala, Milan, with Don Giovanni in November 2006. On 10 September 2007, he conducted the Vienna Philharmonic for the first time at the Lucerne Festival. On 16 April 2007 he conducted the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra at the Vatican's Paul VI Audience Hall in a concert in commemoration of the 80th birthday of Pope Benedict XVI, with Hilary Hahn as solo violinist, with the Pope and many other Church dignitaries among the audience.[9]

Gustavo Dudamel conducts the Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra at London's Royal Festival Hall
Gustavo Dudamel conducts the Simon Bolivar Youth Orchestra at London's Royal Festival Hall

In 2013, El Sistema arranged for Dudamel to conduct the Simon Bolivar Symphony Orchestra during the funeral of Hugo Chávez, which was attended by nearly two dozen heads of state.[10][11]

In 2015, Dudamel conducted both the opening and end titles, at the request of John Williams, for the official motion picture soundtrack and film of Star Wars: The Force Awakens. At the 2016 Super Bowl, Dudamel and Youth Orchestra Los Angeles (YOLA) accompanied Coldplay and sang along with Chris Martin, Beyoncé, and Bruno Mars.

On 1 January 2017, Dudamel conducted the Vienna Philharmonic in the New Year's Day Concert, the youngest conductor to lead this event. In December 2018, he made his debut at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, conducting Verdi's Otello.[12]

Dudamel served as the 2018–2019 artist-in-residence at Princeton University in New Jersey near New York, in celebration of Princeton University Concerts' 125th anniversary.[13][14] This engagement included cross-disciplinary and cross-cultural panels & discussions, chamber concerts featuring musicians from his associated orchestras (the Met, in NYC; Los Angeles; and Berlin),[15] and in April 2019, Dudamel conducted the Princeton University Orchestra and the Princeton University Glee Club as the culmination of his year-long residency.[16]

Dudamel first guest-conducted at the Opéra national de Paris in 2017. In April 2021, the Opéra National de Paris announced the appointment of Dudamel as its next music director, effective 1 August 2021, with an initial contract of six seasons.[17][18] In May 2023, Dudamel announced his resignation as music director of the Opéra National de Paris, effective August 2023.[19]

Dudamel conducted the Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra during its appearance at the 2023 Edinburgh International Festival. It was the first time he had conducted the orchestra since 2017.[5]

Los Angeles Philharmonic

Dudamel made his US conducting debut with the Los Angeles Philharmonic (LAP) at the Hollywood Bowl on 13 September 2005 in a program consisting of "La Noche de los Mayas" by Silvestre Revueltas and Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 5.[20] Dudamel was subsequently invited back to conduct the orchestra at Walt Disney Concert Hall in January 2007 in performances of "Dances of Galánta" by Zoltán Kodály, the third piano concerto of Sergei Rachmaninoff with Yefim Bronfman as soloist, and Béla Bartók's Concerto for Orchestra (the latter of which was recorded live and subsequently released by Deutsche Grammophon).[citation needed]

In April 2007, the LAP announced the appointment of Dudamel as its next music director, effective with the 2009–2010 season. His initial contract in Los Angeles was for five years, beginning in September 2009.[21][22][23] In February 2011, the orchestra announced the extension of Dudamel's contract through the end of the 2018–2019 season.[24] In March 2015, the orchestra announced a further extension of his Los Angeles Philharmonic contract through the 2021–2022 season.[25] In January 2020, the LAP announced a further extension of his contract through the 2025–2026 season.[26] In February 2023, the LAP announced that Dudamel is to conclude his music directorship of the orchestra at the close of the 2025–2026 season.[27]

New York Philharmonic

Dudamel first guest-conducted the New York Philharmonic in 2007. Following 26 additional guest-conducting appearances with the orchestra, the New York Philharmonic announced the appointment of Dudamel as its next Music and Artistic Director, the first Latin American named to the post, effective with the 2026–2027 season, with an initial contract of 5 years.[3] Dudamel will first serve as Music Director Designate during the 2025–2026 season, leading up to his official start in his role as Music and Artistic Director the following year.[28]

Awards and media

Dudamel is featured in the documentary film Tocar y Luchar, which covers El Sistema. Dudamel and the Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar received the WQXR Gramophone Special Recognition Award in New York City in November 2007. Another US television news feature on Dudamel was on 60 Minutes in February 2008, entitled "Gustavo the Great."

On 23 July 2009, Dudamel was selected by the Eighth Glenn Gould Prize laureate José Antonio Abreu as winner of the prestigious The City of Toronto Glenn Gould Protégé Prize.

Dudamel was named one of Time magazine's most influential 100 people in 2010.[29]

Dudamel is featured in the 2011 documentary Let the Children Play, a film which focuses on his work advocating for music as a way to enrich children's lives.[30]

Gramophone named Dudamel its 2011 Gramophone Artist of the Year. Also in 2011, he was inducted into the Royal Swedish Academy of Music. In February 2012, Dudamel won a Grammy Award for Best Orchestral Performance, for his recording of Brahms Symphony No. 4 for the label Deutsche Grammophon.[31][32] In 2013, Dudamel was named Musical America's Musician of the Year and was inducted into the Gramophone Hall of Fame.[33] Dudamel received the Leonard Bernstein Lifetime Achievement Award for the Elevation of Music in Society from the Longy School in 2014 and the Americas Society Cultural Achievement Award in 2016.

The character of Rodrigo in Amazon's Mozart in the Jungle was based, in part, on Dudamel.[34] In the first episode of the show's second season, in which Rodrigo appears as a guest conductor for the Los Angeles Philharmonic, Dudamel appears as a guest actor, playing the part of a stage manager.

In June 2018, Dudamel received Chile's Pablo Neruda Order of Artistic and Cultural Merit.[35] Also in June, the Venezuelan American Endowment for the Arts (VAEA) awarded Dudamel the Paez Medal of Art 2018.[36]

On 18 October 2018, Dudamel was announced as the 25th recipient of the Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize.[37][38]

Dudamel received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on 22 January 2019.[39]

At the 64th Annual Grammy Awards the Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance was given to the Dudamel-conducted 2019 recording of Mahler's Symphony No. 8.

In the summer of 2019, Dudamel conducted the orchestra during the recording sessions for Steven Spielberg's 2021 film adaptation of West Side Story.[40]

In 2020, Dudamel made a cameo appearance as Trollzart in Dreamworks' Trolls World Tour.

In April 2023, Dudamel was elected into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[41] On 23 May 2024, Dudamel was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Music from Harvard University. In 2024, Dudamel received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement, presented by Awards Council member Andrew Lloyd Webber on the stage of David Geffen Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City.[42]

He is a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music.[43]

Political views

Writing for an op-ed in the Los Angeles Times in 2015, he argued that taking sides in Venezuela's conflict could politicize El Sistema, which could be a threat to the institution, saying: "For those who think I've been silent too long, I say, don't mistake my lack of a political stance for a lack of compassion or ideals." After the killing of El Sistema violist Armando Cañizales during the 2017 Venezuelan protests, Dudamel condemned Nicolás Maduro's response to the demonstrations for the first time, writing in social media: "I raise my voice against violence and repression. Nothing can justify bloodshed. Enough of ignoring the just clamor of a people suffocated by an intolerable crisis."[44][45]

In 2019, in a speech accepting his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, he said that it should belong to Venezuela, and that "tomorrow [23 Jan. 2019] is a crucial day [and] the voice of the masses must be heard and respected", referring to the planned national protest on that date and the Venezuelan presidential crisis.[39] In 2022, he returned to Venezuela and reconnected with family and friends as well as students and teachers at El Sistema. Speaking about El Sistema, Dudamel said, "I have made it my personal mission not to rest until music is truly a fundamental human right for everyone. El Sistema has endured through seven different governments in Venezuela. It is not about politics. It is about the shared belief that art must be a part of the fabric of society". He considered that the political situation in the country had improved but that there were still problems that needed to be addressed, saying: "People have the desire to get out of this unrest — this political, ideological unrest — and really make things move forward" and that “There has been a change, but we need to keep working to make things better because they are still very difficult.”[45]

Personal life

Dudamel has been married twice. His first marriage, in 2006, was to Eloísa Maturén in Caracas. Maturén, also a Venezuelan native, is a classically trained ballet dancer and a journalist. The two had a son, Martín Dudamel Maturén, on 1 April 2011.[46] In March 2015, Dudamel and Maturén divorced.[25] In February 2017, Dudamel secretly married Spanish actress María Valverde, whom he had first met in 2016, in Las Vegas, Nevada.[47] He became a Spanish citizen in 2018.[48]

Discography

2006

  • Beethoven: Symphonies Nos. 5 & 7 [w/ the Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra of Venezuela] CD

2007

2008

  • The Promise of Music [w/ the Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra of Venezuela] DVD
  • Fiesta [w/ the Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra of Venezuela] CD
  • Berlioz: Symphonie Fantastique [w/ the Los Angeles Philharmonic] Digital Download only

2009

  • Gustavo Dudamel and the Los Angeles Philharmonic: The Inaugural Concert [w/ the Los Angeles Philharmonic] DVD; e-Video
  • Mahler: Symphony No. 1 (From the Inaugural Concert) [w/ the Los Angeles Philharmonic] Digital Download only
  • Discoveries [w/ the Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra of Venezuela] CD
  • Live from Salzburg [w/ the Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra of Venezuela] DVD
  • Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5; Francesca da Rimini [w/ the Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra of Venezuela] CD
  • Piotr Anderszewski: Voyageur intranquille; a film by Bruno Monsaingeon. Credited: with the artistic participation of Philharmonia Orchestra London – conducted by Gustavo Dudamel] Blu-ray

2010

  • Celebración – Opening Night Concert & Gala [w/ Juan Diego Flórez and the Los Angeles Philharmonic] DVD; Digital Download
  • John Adams: City Noir (From the Inaugural Concert) [w/ the Los Angeles Philharmonic] Digital Download only
  • Rite [w/ the Simón Bolívar Youth Orchestra of Venezuela] CD

2011

2012

2013

  • Mahler: Symphony No. 9 [w/ Los Angeles Philharmonic] CD
  • Verdi: Messa da Requiem [w/ Los Angeles Philharmonic and Los Angeles Master Chorale] Blu-ray
  • Rachmaninov: Piano Concerto No. 3; Prokofiev: Piano Concerto No. 2 [w/ Yuja Wang, piano and Simon Bolivar Symphony Orchestra of Venezuela] CD
  • Richard Strauss: Also Sprach Zarathustra; Till Eulenspiegels lustige Streiche; Don Juan [w/ Berliner Philarmoniker]

2014

  • Mahler: Symphony No. 7. [w/ Símon Bolívar Symphony Orchestra of Venezuela] CD
  • Gustavo Dudamel: The Liberator (Libertador); Original Soundtrack [w/ Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar de Venezuela] CD
  • John Adams: The Gospel According to the Other Mary, a passion oratorio in two acts [w/ Los Angeles Philharmonic and Los Angeles Master Chrale] CD

2015

2017

2018

2022

References

  1. ^ Swed, Mark (27 January 2017). "Review: Gustavo Dudamel celebrates his 36th birthday with some Schoenberg". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  2. ^ "Venezuela's Gustavo Dudamel: the fiery maestro taking on Paris Opera". France 24. 16 April 2021. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  3. ^ a b Hernández, Javier C. (7 February 2023). "Gustavo Dudamel, Star Maestro, to Leave L.A. for New York Philharmonic". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 21 February 2023. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  4. ^ Reed Johnson (23 November 2008). "Conductor Gustavo Dudamel rides a wave of Dudamania". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 10 January 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2008.
  5. ^ a b MacLeod, Murdo; Tilden, Imogen (25 August 2023). "The Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra at the Edinburgh festival – in pictures". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
  6. ^ Sue Steward (23 February 2006). "He's astonishingly gifted". Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 17 November 2007. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
  7. ^ "Dudamel förnyar kontrakt med Göteborgs Symfoniker till 2012". Göteborgs Symfoniker. 30 September 2009. Archived from the original on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2009.
  8. ^ Vivien Schweitzer (13 April 2006). "Gustavo Dudamel Appointed Principal Conductor of the Gothenburg Symphony". Playbill Arts. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
  9. ^ Nicole Winfield (16 April 2007). "Pope marks 80th birthday with concert". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on 6 October 2008. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
  10. ^ Swed, Mark (8 March 2013). "Hugo Chavez's funeral and Gustavo Dudamel's passion for Venezuela". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 7 September 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  11. ^ Richard Morrison (15 February 2007). "True class: South America's lightning conductor". The Times. London. Archived from the original on 14 March 2007. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
  12. ^ "Gustavo Dudamel makes his Metropolitan Opera debut conducting Verdi's Othello on December 14"[permanent dead link‍], Metropolitan Opera, 12 November 2018
  13. ^ "Biography – Gustavo Dudamel". www.gustavodudamel.com. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  14. ^ Cooper, Michael (12 December 2018). "Gustavo Dudamel's Favorite Part of 'Otello' Is a Quiet Prayer". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  15. ^ "Gustavo Dudamel Residency 2018/19" (PDF). www.princetonuniversityconcerts.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  16. ^ "Dudamel in Residence". Princeton Alumni Weekly. 30 August 2018. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  17. ^ "Appointment of Music Director: Gustavo Dudamel" (Press release). Opéra national de Paris. 16 April 2021. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  18. ^ "Paris Opera names Venezuela's Dudamel as next music chief". RFI. 16 April 2021. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  19. ^ Javier C. Hernández (25 May 2023). "Gustavo Dudamel, Star Maestro, to Resign From Paris Opera". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 May 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  20. ^ Mark Swed (15 September 2005). "He holds Bowl in palm of his hands; Venezuelan Gustavo Dudamel, 24, commands attention". Los Angeles Times.
  21. ^ Mark Swed (8 April 2007). "Maestro will pass baton to up-and-comer in '09". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  22. ^ Matthew Westphal (8 April 2007). "Gustavo Dudamel to Succeed Esa-Pekka Salonen at LA Philharmonic in 2009". Playbill Arts. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 2 September 2007.
  23. ^ Daniel J. Wakin (9 April 2007). "Maestro of Los Angeles Philharmonic to Pass the Baton to a Wunderkind". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2008.
  24. ^ David Ng (3 February 2011). "Gustavo Dudamel extends contract with L.A. Philharmonic through 2018–19 season". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  25. ^ a b Jeffrey Fleishman; Mike Boehm; David Ng (27 March 2015). "Gustavo Dudamel's L.A. Phil deal reverberates across classical music world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
  26. ^ Jessica Gelt (15 January 2020). "Gustavo Dudamel extends his L.A. Phil contract through 2025–26". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  27. ^ "Statement from the Los Angeles Philharmonic regarding the appointment of Gustavo Dudamel to the New York Philharmonic" (Press release). TLos Angeles Philharmonic. 7 February 2023. Archived from the original on 8 February 2023. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
  28. ^ New York Times. "The Philharmonic's New Season: What We Want to Hear". Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
  29. ^ "Gustavo Dudamel: 10 facts about the great conductor". CLASSICFM. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
  30. ^ "Gustavo Dudamel Comes to the Big Screen / News / News / All Things Strings". Stringsmagazine.com. 9 June 2011. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  31. ^ Tilden, Imogen (6 October 2011). "Gustavo Dudamel named artist of the year at Gramophone awards". The Guardian.
  32. ^ "Grammy Awards 2012: Gustavo Dudamel, L.A. Philharmonic win". Los Angeles Times. 12 February 2012.
  33. ^ Boehm, Mike (7 November 2012). "Gustavo Dudamel named musician of the year by Musical America". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 19 June 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  34. ^ Ng, David (10 February 2014). "'Mozart in the Jungle': Is 'Rodrigo' a parody of Gustavo Dudamel?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  35. ^ Troncoso M., Constanza (24 June 2018). "Gustavo Dudamel recibe Orden al Mérito Pablo Neruda: El maestro venezolano está en Chile para honrar a su mentor" [Gustavo Dudamel Receives Pablo Neruda Order of Merit: The Venezuelan Teacher is in Chile to Honor His Mentor]. El Mercurio (in Spanish). Santiago. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
  36. ^ "Gustavo Dudamel is the recipient of VAEA's Paez Medal of Art 2018". VAEA. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  37. ^ ""Superstar Conductor" Gustavo Dudamel to Receive The 25th Annual Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize". The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize. Archived from the original on 19 October 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
  38. ^ "Gustavo Dudamel to receive Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize for his work in the arts". Los Angeles Times. 17 October 2018. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
  39. ^ a b ""Mañana #23E es un día crucial", dice Dudamel tras recibir estrella en el Paseo de la Fama". Efecto Cocuyo (in Spanish). 22 January 2019. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  40. ^ Culwell-Block, Logan (17 May 2019). "Jeanine Tesori and Gustavo Dudamel Join Music Staff of Spielberg-Helmed West Side Story Movie". Playbill. New York City: Playbill, Inc. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  41. ^ "New Members Elected in 2023". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 19 April 2023. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  42. ^ "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 15 December 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  43. ^ "Ledamöter". Kungl. Musikaliska Akademien (in Swedish). Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  44. ^ "Gustavo Dudamel condena la represión en Venezuela: 'Ya basta de desatender el justo clamor de un pueblo sofocado' (Published 2017)". The New York Times (in Spanish). 4 May 2017. Archived from the original on 18 August 2023. Retrieved 18 August 2023. A pesar de la gran labor social de El Sistema, su cercanía con el gobierno ha hecho que muchos se pregunten si esa institución, la orquesta nacional y el mismo Dudamel funcionan como una especie de órgano propagandístico de un gobierno que ha sumido a ese país en una de las crisis más grave de su historia.
  45. ^ a b Hernández, Javier C. (27 August 2023). "Gustavo Dudamel Reunites With His Venezuelan Orchestra". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  46. ^ "LA Phil's Gustavo Dudamel, Wife Welcome First Child". CBS Los Angeles. CBS Local Media. 2 April 2011. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  47. ^ "María Valverde se casa con el director de orquesta Gustavo Dudamel". El País. 14 March 2017. Archived from the original on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  48. ^ "Gustavo Dudamel y Andrés Pastrana adoptan la nacionalidad española". Iberoeconomía. 18 April 2018. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  49. ^ "Dvořák: Symphonies Nos. 7–9 by Los Angeles Philharmonic & Gustavo Dudamel". Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 30 September 2022.

Further reading

  • Tunstall, Tricia (2012). Changing lives : Gustavo Dudamel, El Sistema, and the transformative power of music. New York: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-07896-1. OCLC 733546980.

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NASA flight surgeon and Major General in the United States Air Force Reserves Josef SchmidBornJosef Francis Schmid III[1] (1965-07-06) 6 July 1965 (age 58)Stuttgart, West GermanyEducationBelmont Abbey College (BS, Biology) Wake Forest University School of Medicine (MD) University of Texas Medical Branch (MPH)OccupationMedical doctorEmployerNASAKnown forFlight surgeonTitleCrew Surgeon Josef F. Schmid[2][3] (born 6 July 1965) is a German-American physician, NA...

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Jewish military history

This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (April 2019) Part of a series onJews and Judaism Etymology Who is a Jew? Religion God in Judaism (names) Principles of faith Mitzvot (613) Halakha Shabbat Holidays Prayer Tzedakah Land of Israel Brit Bar and bat mitzvah Marriage Bereavement Baal teshuva Philosophy Ethics Kabbalah ...

 

Braille Patterns

For the meaning of braille dot patterns, see English Braille. Unicode character blockBraille PatternsRangeU+2800..U+28FF(256 code points)PlaneBMPScriptsBrailleAssigned256 code pointsUnused0 reserved code pointsSource standardsISO 11548-1Unicode version history3.0 (1999)256 (+256) Unicode documentationCode chart ∣ Web pageNote: [1][2] This article contains Unicode Braille characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols ...

The Times of India

Cet article est une ébauche concernant la presse écrite et l’Inde. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. The Times of India Pays Inde Langue Anglais Périodicité Quotidien Format Grand format Genre Généraliste Diffusion 3 146 000 ex. ((2008)) Date de fondation 1838 Ville d’édition New Delhi Propriétaire Bennett, Coleman & Co Ldt OCLC 23379369 Site web TOI.com modifier  The Times of ...

 

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Lower Austria

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