Green Bridge (England)

Green Bridge
An elevated view looking down on a stone bridge crossing a river showing three arches, and either bank of the river lined with trees
Green Bridge from the castle
Coordinates54°24′02″N 1°44′25″W / 54.4005°N 1.7403°W / 54.4005; -1.7403
OS grid referenceNZ169005
CrossesRiver Swale
LocaleRichmond, North Yorkshire, England
Other name(s)Richmond Bridge
Named forBargate Green
Characteristics
Piers in water2
History
ArchitectJohn Carr
Opened1789
Statistics
Listed Building – Grade II*
Designated1 August 1952
Reference no.1318388
Location
Map

Green Bridge (also known as Richmond Bridge) is a road bridge crossing the River Swale in Richmond, North Yorkshire, England. Until the building of Mercury Bridge adjacent to the railway station in 1846, it was the only crossing over the River Swale from Richmond. Historically, the bridge carried the Richmond to Lancaster Turnpike, and is now a grade II* listed structure.

History

The bridge, which is sometimes known as Richmond Bridge, was historically known as the Green Bridge as it connected Richmond Green (Bargate) with the south side of the River Swale.[1][2] The old bridge was known to have been in place at least as far back as 1535, and was narrower than the current bridge. It had four arches (compared to the current bridge's three), and also housed a small building in the middle of the bridge on the upstream side for a watchman to maintain an early alarm in case of any danger.[3][4][5][6] This bridge is shown on John Speed's map of Richmond dated to 1610,[7] and in 1751, it became a vital crossing in the newly created Richmond to Lancaster Turnpike.[8]

Tolls were levied on corn and any cattle being taken across the bridge, which in 1622 was rated at 44 shillings per year.[9] Flooding in 1771 damaged the old bridge, and this prompted the authorities to have a new bridge built at a cost of £1,800.[6] The Green Bridge was practically the only structure not washed away in the great floods of 1771, but it needed constant attention until the new bridge was built in 1789.[10] The foundations of the old bridge are visible on the upstream side during periods of low water.[11][12]

Green Bridge at Richmond, which straddles the River Swale

The bridge of 1789 was designed by John Carr, and has what Pevsner describes as "..three beautiful segmented arches and rounded cutwaters."[13] However, besides carrying the Richmond to Lancaster Turnpike, the river bridge was the dividing point between the old Borough of Richmond and the North Riding authorities, so they each advertised for a contractor separately, which led to the Richmond side having three layers of stone on the bridge's parapets, whilst the North Riding side had two layers only.[14] This bridge has two piers in the water, and each of the three arches is of a different span length to the other two.[15][16] The bridge is 186 feet (57 m) long, 20 feet 8 inches (6.30 m) wide, with one walkway being 2 feet 8 inches (0.81 m), and the other 3 feet 1 inch (0.94 m).[6]

The Bridge is made from ashlar stone quarried at Gatherley Moor, and has three moulded arches, each with rounded bays over the piers.[17][6] The quarry was re-opened in 2001, and stone won from the site has been used to repair the bridge.[18] A study conducted on the site in 1976 during a period of extremely low water revealed evidence of the bases of three previous piers in the water immediately upstream of the present bridge.[15]

Richmond Bridge is the starting point for the annual Richmond Duck Race, which sees 2,000 sponsored plastic ducks tipped into the river, with the finishing line being Mercury Bridge (Station Bridge) downstream.[19] The Green Bridge is a grade II* listed structure, and a scheduled monument.[20][21] The bridge carries an unclassified road up a hill known as Slee Gill.[6][22][23]

References

  1. ^ Chrystal, Paul; Sunderland, Mark (2016). Richmond & Swaledale through time. Stroud: Amberley. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-84868-899-5.
  2. ^ RCAA 2019, p. 74.
  3. ^ Morris, David (1994). The Swale: a history of the holy river of St Paulinus. York: William Sessions. pp. 48–49. ISBN 1-85072-152-1.
  4. ^ Wenham 1976, p. 81.
  5. ^ Hatcher, Jane (1990). Richmondshire architecture. Richmond: Hatcher. p. 219. ISBN 0951588001.
  6. ^ a b c d e Stanley, Oliver, ed. (2011) [1933]. "Part 1: England". British Bridges; an Illustrated Technical and Historical Record. London: ICE Publishing. p. 352. ISBN 978-0-7277-5069-3.
  7. ^ Wenham 1976, p. 79.
  8. ^ Wright, Geoffrey Norman (1985). Roads and trackways of the Yorkshire Dales. Ashbourne: Moorland. p. 18. ISBN 0861901231.
  9. ^ Slack, Margaret (1986). The bridges of Lancashire and Yorkshire. London: Robert Hale. p. 63. ISBN 0-7090-2814-8.
  10. ^ Wenham 1976, p. 80.
  11. ^ Wenham 1976, p. 78.
  12. ^ Hatcher 2004, p. 54.
  13. ^ Pevsner, Nikolaus (2002) [1966]. Yorkshire, the North Riding. London: Yale University Press. p. 296. ISBN 0-300-09665-8.
  14. ^ Wright, Geoffrey Norman (1985). Roads and trackways of the Yorkshire Dales. Ashbourne: Moorland. p. 60. ISBN 0861901231.
  15. ^ a b Wenham 1976, p. 89.
  16. ^ Hatcher 2004, p. 53.
  17. ^ RCAA 2019, p. 8.
  18. ^ Mitchinson, James, ed. (19 September 2020). "Quarry extension approved despite concerns over noise and dust". The Yorkshire Post. p. 12. ISSN 0963-1496.
  19. ^ "Quacking pictures as rubber ducks flood river for annual North Yorkshire race". Darlington and Stockton Times. 6 May 2024. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  20. ^ Historic England. "The Green Bridge (Grade II*) (1318388)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  21. ^ Historic England. "Richmond Bridge (1004906)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  22. ^ "304" (Map). Darlington & Richmond. 1:25,000. Explorer. Ordnance Survey. 2015. ISBN 978-0-319-24556-9.
  23. ^ RCAA 2019, p. 69.

Sources

Bridges over the River Swale
Upstream: Lownethwaite Bridge Downstream: Mercury Bridge