Germaine Koh

Germaine Koh
Born1967 (age 57–58)
George Town, Malaysia
NationalityCanadian
EducationUniversity of Ottawa
Hunter College
OccupationConceptual artist
Years active1991-present
RelativesGraham Verchere (nephew)
AwardsVIVA award
Websitewww.germainekoh.com

Germaine Koh (born 1967) is a Malaysian-born and Canadian conceptual artist based in Vancouver. Her works incorporate the artistic styles of neo-conceptual art, minimalism, and environmental art, and is concerned with the significance of everyday actions, familiar objects and common places.[1][2]

Koh is an independent curator and partner in the independent record label Weewerk.[1] She also used to be an assistant curator of contemporary art at the National Gallery of Canada.[1] Her exhibition history includes the Baltic Centre (Newcastle), De Appel (Amsterdam) Archived 23 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal, Para/Site Art Space (Hong Kong), Frankfurter Kunstverein, Bloomberg Space (London), The Power Plant (Toronto), Seoul Museum of Art, Artspace (Sydney), The British Museum (London), the Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver), Plug In ICA (Winnipeg), Art Gallery of Ontario (Toronto), and the Liverpool, Sydney and Montréal biennials.[1]

Early life and education

Koh was born in George Town, Malaysia.[3] She emigrated to Canada with her family at the age of two and was raised in Armstrong, British Columbia.[4][5] Koh received her Bachelor of Fine Arts in studio in 1989 and theory and history of art in 1990 at the University of Ottawa.[6] She later obtained a Master of Fine Arts in 1993 from Hunter College in New York.[5]

Art career

Koh's work draws the use of everyday objects and familiar concepts in order to examine how people interact with those they encounter while moving through the world.[3][5] For example, her piece "Call", is an old telephone in a public space. When the phone is picked up it randomly dials a number of a participant that has agreed to have conversations with strangers at any time of the day.[7]

There isn't a typical "Germaine Koh" piece - she utilizes many different materials for every piece she creates, yet each piece encompasses an ideology, perhaps best said by Koh herself in a Rhizome.org interview:[8]

I would characterize my work as a whole as an attempt to be attentive to the poetics of daily life by focusing on those phenomena that shape everyday experience, often slightly below the threshold of notice (and, yes, value)

Artistic styles and works

Germaine Koh, Knitwork, 1992, unraveled used garment reknit into growing object. This view: 1998 Biennale of Sydney

Koh's work encompasses the artistic styles of conceptual art, environmental art, and minimalism.[9] In an on-going work titled Knitwork (1992-present), Koh unravels used garments and re-knits the materials into one larger and constantly evolving object.[10] This piece demonstrates characteristics of environmental art through Koh's use of recycled materials and the ways in which she turns used and discarded items into a working piece of art.[9] In a similar artwork called Lumber (1991-1994, dispersed 2002), Koh makes use of flexible pieces of recuperated lumber glazed with oil and marine varnish to be installed alongside select architecture.[11] Various projects by Koh are also collaborative or rely on the active participation of its audiences. One example of such works include an art gallery titled "ad hoc gallery" which was put on display in collaboration with Geoffrey Brown from 1993-1994.[12][13] An example of one which incorporates its participants into the art piece itself is League, which began in 2012 and is categorized as a "participatory project".[14] Koh describes League as "an open group of people who gather regularly to play sports and games invented or conceived by members of the community ... The project is founded in a belief in the value of emergent behaviour and the process of making sense of things."[15] Koh emphasizes games, sport, and play as forms of problem-solving which focus on the mental over the physical and the processes of learning, adapting, and evolution through iteration as central to the overall concept of the project.[15]

Koh combines both making use of discarded or found items and active participation in a project called Sightings (1992–1998), which involved the commercial printing and publishing of images found in public as postcards.[16] These postcards closely interacted with the individuals they reached, drawing emphasis on the ideas of making art out of common everyday objects and experiences as well as recognizing the uniqueness of common places.[17]

Other projects

In addition to her artistic work, Koh is co-founder of the Toronto-based record label and artist-management company Weewerk.[3][18] She is also an athlete. Koh played varsity volleyball and badminton at the University of Ottawa and is a former captain of roller derby team the Terminal City All-Stars. Her interest in the relationship between creativity and athleticism resulted in the creation of The Koh-Verchere Award for Athletic and Creative Excellence, an Emily Carr University of Art and Design student award,[19] and the establishment of Vancouver's League.[20][21] Koh was part of the design team for the No. 2 Road North Drainage Pump Station[22] in Richmond B.C., which was awarded the Public Works Association of British Columbia 2018 Project of the Year award.[23] In 2018, Koh became the first artist-in-residence in the City of Vancouver engineering department.[24]

Solo exhibitions

  • Crowd Shyness, Morris and Helen Belkin Gallery, Vancouver, 17 July – 16 August 2020[25]
  • Home Made Home, Evergreen Cultural Centre, 14 September – 4 November 2018[26]
  • Home Made Home, Richmond Art Gallery, 17 June – 26 August 2018, Curated by Nan Caponga.[27]
  • Home Made Home, Kelowna Art Gallery, Kelowna BC, Curator: Liz Wylie.[28]
  • Lively Objects: Enchantment and Disruption, Museum of Vancouver, 16 August 2015[29]
  • FUSE, Vancouver Art Gallery, 29 November 2013[30]
  • Culture + Community Symposium, Vancouver, 26 October 2013[31]
  • Germaine Koh: Weather Systems, Kamloops Art Gallery, Kamloops 6 April to 15 June 2013[32]
  • Germaine Koh - Knitwork; Germaine Koh/Gordon Hicks - There|Here, Galerie B-312, Montreal 2012[33]
  • The Haunting, Invaliden 1 Galerie, Berlin, 2010[34]
  • Fallow, Charles H Scott Gallery, Vancouver BC, Feb-Mar 2009[35]
  • Germaine Koh, Catriona Jeffries Gallery, Vancouver BC, Apr-May 2008[36]
  • Overflow, Centre A, Vancouver BC, Jan-Feb 2007[37][38]
  • Germaine Koh: Call and Relay, Video Pool, Winnipeg MB, Oct-Nov 2007[39]
  • Germaine Koh, Ottawa Art Gallery, Ottawa ON, Aug-Oct 2006[40]
  • Relay: an intervention into the fabric of the Baltic building, Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art, July - September 2005[41]
  • Marks and Relay, Tate Biennial, Tate Liverpool, Liverpool, England, 2004
  • Germaine Koh: about around, Gallery One One One, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba 30 November 2001 - 11/12 January 2002[42]
  • Germaine Koh, Contemporary Art Gallery, Vancouver 5 May 2001 - 15 July 2001[43]
  • Germaine Koh: Shell, Catriona Jeffries Gallery, Vancouver, BC, Jan-Feb 2005.[44]
  • Angel Row Gallery, Knitwork, Sep-Nov 2005. PDF
  • Germaine Koh: Shell, Para/Site Art Space, Hong Kong, 2004
  • Germaine Koh: Opening Hours, McMaster Museum of Art, Hamilton, ON, 2002.
  • Germaine Koh, Catriona Jeffries Gallery, Vancouver, BC, Apr-Jun 2002.
  • Knitwork, The British Museum, London, UK, Feb-Apr 2002. Performance/installation related to conference "From Material Things: art and artefact in the 21st century". Curator: James Putnam & Gabriela Salgado.[45]
  • Germaine Koh: Around/About, Contemporary Art Gallery, Germaine Koh, Vancouver, BC, May-Jul 2001. Curator: Keith Wallace.[46]
  • Solo Exhibition, Watch, Toronto, ON, 5-7 Feb 2001. Curator: Barr Gilmore.
  • Southern Alberta Art Gallery, Germaine Koh: Knitwork, 1997.
  • Knitwork, 1996.
  • Knitwork, 1995.
  • Knitwork/Tricot-âge, Sep-Nov 1993.

Group exhibitions

  • Soundings: An Exhibition in Five Parts, Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery, 8 September – 6 December 2020.[47]
  • City of Vancouver Engineering Artist in Residence, 2018–2020.[48]
  • Split Between the I and the Gaze, Agnes Etherington Art Centre, 24 August – 1 December 2019.[49]
  • Public Volumes. Small Arms Inspection Building, Mississauga, 2019. Curator: Noa Bronstein.[50]
  • Kuenstlerhaus Palais Thurn & Taxis, Silvrett Atelier Montafon 2018. Bregenz AT, 2019.
  • 'Afterlives, Or Gallery, 25 November 2017- 3 February 2018[51]
  • 'Persistence, Vancouver Art Gallery, 24 June 2017- 1 October 2017[52]
  • This is it with it as it is, group exhibition at AHVA Gallery, 23 November 2016- 14 January 2017[53]
  • (im)mobile exhibition, Haus für Kunst Uri, 5 March – 15 May 2016[54]
  • (im)mobile, two-person show with Edith Flückiger, Dalhousie Art Gallery, Curator: Mireille Bourgeois & Chantal Molleur 17 October – 30 November 2014[55]
  • Les matins infidèles: l'art du protocole, Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, Curator: Bernard Larmarche November 2013- September 2014[56]
  • Scotiabank Nuit Blanche one A: Restaging the Encounter, Curator: Candice Hopkins, City of Toronto, 5 October 2013[57]
  • There/Here: Germain Koh and Gordon Hicks, Surrey Art Gallery, Surrey, BC, 2011. Participants: with Gordon Hicks. Curator: Jordan Strom.
  • Sorting Daemons: Art, Surveillance Regimes & Social Control, Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Kingston, ON, Jan-loApr 2010. Participants: with Ian Verchere. Curator: Jan Allen & Sarah E.K. Smith.
  • Luminato Festival of Arts + Creativity, Luminato Festival 2009, Toronto, ON, Jun 2009.
  • How Soon Is Now, Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, BC, Feb-May 2009. Curator: Kathleen Ritter.
  • Here Now or Nowhere, Prairie Art Gallery, Grande Prairie, AB, Jan 2009. Art in public places. Curator: Micah Lexier.[58]
  • Schematic: New Media Art from Canada, [space], London, UK, Nov-Dec 2008. Curator: Michelle Kasprzak, Gillian McIver & Heather Corcoran.
  • All Together Now: Recent Toronto Art, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, ON, Nov 2008-Spring 2009. Installation of works from the permanent collection. Curator: Michelle Jacque[59]
  • Untethered, eyebeam, New York, Sep-Oct 2008. Curator: Sarah Cook[60]
  • This Particular Day of June, Or Gallery, Vancouver, BC, May-Jun 2008. Curator: Jonathan Middleton.
  • On Being An Exhibition, Artists Space , New York, Oct-Dec 2007. Curator: Joseph del Pesco
  • Ingenuity Festival, Ingenuity Festival 2007, Cleveland, OH, 2007. Curator: Steve Dietz
  • f.city, Folly, Lancaster, UK, Sep-Oct 2006.
  • 2004 Sobey Art Award Exhibition, Mackenzie Art Gallery, Regina, SK, Jul-Sep 2006.[61]
  • Territory, Artspeak and Presentation House Gallery, Vancouver, BC, Jun-Aug 2006.Curator: Melanie O'Brian & Helga Pakasaar.
  • Temporary Import / Vorübergehende Einfuhr, Art Forum Berlin, Berlin, Sep 2005. Curator: Susanne Titz.
  • 2004 Sobey Art Award Exhibition, Museum of Contemporary Canadian Art, Toronto, ON, Sep-Nov 2005
  • 2004 Sobey Art Award Exhibition, Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, Victoria, BC, Jul-Aug 2005.
  • L'envers des apparences, Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Summer 2005. Curator: Gilles Godmer.[62]
  • 2004 Sobey Art Award Exhibition, Yukon Arts Centre, Whitehorse, YK, Mar-May 2005.
  • 2004 Sobey Art Award, Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, Exhibition, Halifax, NS, Oct-Dec 2004.
  • Sense, Edmonton Art Gallery (now Art Gallery of Alberta), Edmonton, AB, Sep-Nov 2004. Curator: Catherine Crowston.
  • Entre ciel et terre - Biennale nationale de sculpture contemporaine 2004, Galerie d'Art du Parc, Trois-Rivières, QC, Jun-Aug 2004. Curator: Gaston St-Pierre.

Personal life

Koh has 25 years of leadership with non-profit organizations.[63] She has been coaching roller derby since 2010.[63] In 2015, Koh established the program for a new competitive team, the Terminal City B-Sides.[63]

She was the Chef de Mission of Team Canada Roller Derby from 2017 to 2018, where she was responsible for the team's strategic vision and organizational development.[63]

Koh has a multi-sport background which includes five years of experience playing for the varsity badminton team at the University of Ottawa. She also played roller derby for five years under the derby name "PLAYER 1" before captaining the Terminal City All-Stars.[63]

Legacy and influence

The project by Koh and Geoffrey Brown titled "ad hoc gallery" received a review from Gunter Nolte, Visual Arts Department Head at University of Ottawa, as he comments "They are making an enormous contribution to the community art scene. They are so committed they finance the gallery from their own jobs."[64] An aspect of the City of Vancouver's engineering art residence is bringing the community together to determine what they would like to see happen for buildings, pipes, public spaces, and also demolitions.[64] An example of this would be the "sewer time capsule" which was created 13 July 2019.[64] This brought together members of the community to paint on a pipe that was then used as sewer upgrades in the area which would stay in use for the next hundred years.[64] Koh herself said "The community can always feel like they had a little part to play in the infrastructure that lies below their street, and it's a concrete connection with sewer works that also serves to demystify infrastructure."[64]

Awards

In 2004, Koh was a finalist for the Sobey Art Award and in 2010 she won a VIVA Award in recognition of her outstanding achievement as a mid-career artist in British Columbia.[5]

Awarded the 2023 Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts for Artistic Achievement.[65]

Publications

  • Germaine Koh (2001), Germaine Koh and Keith Wallace, Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver, BC). ISBN 9780920751800[66]
  • Germaine Koh/Stall (2004), Germaine Koh, Para/Site Art Space (Hong Kong).[67]
  • Overflow: Germaine Koh (2007), Germaine Koh, Centre A - Vancouver International Centre for Contemporary Asian Art (Vancouver, BC). ISBN 9780973271157[68]
  • Opening hours: Germaine Koh (2002) Steven Reinke and Rosemary Heather, McMaster Museum of Art (Hamilton). ISBN 9781894088367[69]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Germaine Koh". Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  2. ^ "Germaine Koh: Around About". Gallery One One One. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "Look at This: Germaine Koh's Ingenious Machines And Social Experiments". CBC. 1 February 2014. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  4. ^ Mayer, Marc; Brayshaw, Christopher (14 October 2002). "Fresh Eyes". Time (Canadian ed.). pp. 58–65.
  5. ^ a b c d Cramp, Beverly (31 December 2012). "Germaine Koh: Brewing up conceptual art". Galleries West. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  6. ^ "Germaine Koh". Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  7. ^ "Koh projects > Call". Archived from the original on 11 June 2010. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  8. ^ Kabatoff, Mathew. "Interview with Germaine Koh, January 1, 2001". Archived from the original on 14 May 2006. Retrieved 4 September 2006.
  9. ^ a b Laurence, Robin (19 May 2001). "Work and words go up in smoke". The Globe and Mail.
  10. ^ "Germaine Koh". Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  11. ^ "Germaine Koh". Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  12. ^ Baele, Nancy (13 February 1994). "Gallery gives showcase for ad hoc spirit". The Ottawa Citizen.
  13. ^ "Germaine Koh". Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  14. ^ "Review: Germaine Koh's League". Drain Magazine. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  15. ^ a b "Germaine Koh". Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  16. ^ "Germaine Koh". Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  17. ^ Niedviecki, Hal. "Picture Postcard: Post-art in the garbage era". Broken Pencil: 12–14.
  18. ^ "about". Weewerk. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  19. ^ staff writer (24 April 2014). "ian verchere and germaine koh the creative edge". Emily Carr University of Art and Design. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  20. ^ Stewart, Megan (16 September 2013). "All the kids are doing it". Vancouver Courier. Vancouver. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  21. ^ "League". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  22. ^ "City of Richmond BC - No. 2 Road Drainage Pump Station (2018)". www.richmond.ca. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  23. ^ "Richmond pump station project takes home public works award - constructconnect.com". Journal of Commerce. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  24. ^ staff, Courier (13 January 2018). "City engineering department gets its very own artist in residence". Vancouver Courier. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  25. ^ "Germaine Koh: Crowd Shyness". Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery. 8 July 2020. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
  26. ^ "Evergreen Cultural Centre | Coquitlam, BC". Evergreen. Archived from the original on 4 May 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  27. ^ "Welcome | Richmond Art Gallery". Richmond Art Gallery. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  28. ^ "Germaine Koh: Home Made Home | Kelowna Art Gallery". Archived from the original on 27 July 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  29. ^ "MOV | Museum of Vancouver". MOV | Museum of Vancouver. Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  30. ^ "Vancouver Art Gallery". www.vanartgallery.bc.ca. Archived from the original on 6 March 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  31. ^ "Culture + Community: Social Practice and the City | Emily Carr University". www.connect.ecuad.ca. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  32. ^ Laurence, Robin (16 December 2013). "Germaine Koh: Weather Systems". Canadian Art. Archived from the original on 24 March 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  33. ^ "Accueil | Galerie B312". galerieb312.ca. Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  34. ^ "The Haunting". invaliden1.com. Archived from the original on 23 May 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  35. ^ "Libby Leshgold Gallery (formerly Charles H. Scott Gallery)". Galleries West. Archived from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  36. ^ "Catriona Jeffries". www.catrionajeffries.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  37. ^ "Overflow: Germaine Koh (2007) | Centre A". Archived from the original on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  38. ^ "Germaine Koh: Overflow". The Georgia Straight. 7 February 2007. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  39. ^ "VP Media Arts Centre". www.videopool.org. Archived from the original on 12 March 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  40. ^ "Ottawa Art Gallery | Art and Community". oaggao.ca. Archived from the original on 10 March 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  41. ^ Staff writer(s). "Germaine Koh". balticmill.com. Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  42. ^ Staff writers. "Germain Koh about around". umanitoba.ca. Gallery One One One. Archived from the original on 14 March 2015. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  43. ^ Staff writer(s). "Germaine Koh". contemporaryartgallery.ca. Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver). Archived from the original on 31 October 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2015.
  44. ^ "Koh's Work Focuses on Meaningful Details". Georgia Straight Vancouver's News & Entertainment Weekly. 27 January 2005. Archived from the original on 30 August 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  45. ^ Barnett, Pennina (1 November 2002). "Small Gestures and Acts of Grace: An Interview with Germaine Koh". Women: A Cultural Review. 13 (3): 356–369. doi:10.1080/0957404022000026568. ISSN 0957-4042. S2CID 191590882.
  46. ^ "Publication Review | Germaine Koh". Contemporary Art Gallery, Vancouver. 10 November 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  47. ^ rugor. germainekoh.com https://germainekoh.com/cv. Retrieved 6 March 2021. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  48. ^ "Germaine Koh". Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  49. ^ "Split Between the I and the Gaze | Agnes Etherington Art Centre". agnes.queensu.ca. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  50. ^ smallarmsinspect. "Public Volumes". Small Arms Inspection Building (SAIB). Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  51. ^ "Or Gallery: Afterlives". www.orgallery.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  52. ^ "Vancouver Art Gallery". www.vanartgallery.bc.ca. Archived from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  53. ^ "AHVA Gallery | AHVA - The Department of Art History, Visual Art & Theory". ahva.ubc.ca. Archived from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  54. ^ Uri, Haus für Kunst. "Aktuell". Haus für Kunst Uri (in German). Archived from the original on 15 March 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  55. ^ "(im)mobile | Dalhousie Art Gallery". artgallery.dal.ca. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  56. ^ "Les matins infidèles L'art du protocole". Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (MNBAQ) (in Canadian French). Archived from the original on 5 December 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  57. ^ "Nuit Blanche Toronto". City of Toronto. 16 August 2017. Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  58. ^ Moser, Gabrielle. "Here Now or Nowhere: Northern Lights". Canadian Art. Archived from the original on 9 May 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  59. ^ "All Together Now: Recent Toronto Art | AGO Art Gallery of Ontario". www.ago.net. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  60. ^ "Untethered". Eyebeam. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  61. ^ "The Sobey Art Award 2004 Touring Exhibition". Museum of Contemporary Art Toronto Canada. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  62. ^ "L'Envers des apparences". MAC Montréal (in French). Archived from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2019.
  63. ^ a b c d e "Staff profile: Germaine Koh — Team Canada Roller Derby". www.teamcanadarollerderby.com. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
  64. ^ a b c d e Frey, Warren (15 July 2019). "City of Vancouver Turns Infrastructure into Art Canvas". Journal of Commerce.
  65. ^ "The Canada Council for the Arts Announces the 2023 Winners of the Governor General's Awards in Visual and Media Arts". Canada Council for the Arts. 28 March 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  66. ^ "Germaine Koh | Centre A Library | TinyCat". Centre A Library. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  67. ^ "Germaine Koh / Stall | Centre A Library | TinyCat". Centre A Library. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  68. ^ "Overflow: Germaine Koh | Centre A Library | TinyCat". Centre A Library. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  69. ^ "Open hours: Germaine Koh | Centre A Library | TinyCat". Centre A Library. Retrieved 28 April 2019.

Further reading

  • Cook, Sarah; Miessen, Markus; Koh, Germaine (2013). Germaine Koh: Weather Systems. [Kamloops, British Columbia]: Kamloops Art Gallery. ISBN 9781895497816. OCLC 829422055.
  • Kingwell, Mark (2008). Opening Gambits: Essays on Art and Philosophy. Toronto: Key Porter Books. pp. 116–117. ISBN 978-1-55470-073-8.

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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: River City Shopping Complex – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Shopping mall in Bangkok, ThailandRiver City BangkokLocationSi Phraya Pier, Bangkok, ThailandCoordinates13°43′49″N 100°30�...

 

The Truth (1998 film)

1998 Indian filmThe TruthPosterDirected byShaji KailasWritten byS. N. SwamyProduced byAsharafStarringMammoottyThilakan Vani ViswanathMuraliJanardhananCinematographyAnandakuttanEdited byL. BhoominathanMusic byRajamaniProductioncompanyA. B. R. ProductionsRelease date 19 March 1998 (1998-03-19) Running time144 minutesCountryIndiaLanguageMalayalam The Truth is a 1998 Malayalam-language police procedural thriller film written by S. N. Swamy and directed by Shaji Kailas.[1] ...

Interstate 277 (North Carolina)

Highway in North Carolina This article is about an Interstate highway in North Carolina. For an Interstate highway in Ohio, see Interstate 277 (Ohio). Interstate 277Brookshire FreewayJohn Belk FreewayI-277 highlighted in redRoute informationAuxiliary route of I-77Maintained by NCDOTLength4.41 mi[1][2][3] (7.10 km)Existed1981–presentNHSEntire routeMajor junctionsSouth end I-77 / US 21 / US 74 / NC 27Major intersections...

 

Absurdistan

Satirical term for countries where absurdity is seen as near-normal For other uses, see Absurdistan (disambiguation). Absurdistan is a term sometimes used to satirically describe a country in which absurdity is the norm due to the ubiquity and incompetence of its bureaucracy. The expression was originally used by Eastern bloc dissidents to refer to parts (or all) of the Soviet Union and its satellite states, but has remained common in post-communist discourse as well. Origins The first known ...

 

Oppidum (Kelten)

Keltisches Oppidum, 1. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Unter einem Oppidum (lateinisch oppidum Befestigung, Schanzanlage, fester Platz; Plural: oppida) versteht man eine befestigte, stadtartig angelegte Siedlung der Latènezeit (späte Eisenzeit). Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Begriffsbestimmung 2 Forschungsgeschichte 3 Wichtige Oppida 3.1 Deutschland 3.1.1 Hessen 3.2 England 3.3 Frankreich 3.4 Italien 3.5 Luxemburg 3.6 Österreich 3.7 Ungarn 3.8 Schweiz 3.9 Spanien 3.10 Tschechien 3.11 Slowakei 4 Liter...

Waffenfarbe

Visual method used by the armed forces of Germany The blue border around the shoulder strap of this uniform indicates that its wearer is assigned to a logistics unit. Note that the epaulettes on the camouflage uniform (Bundeswehr) at the back do not have blue trim. In the German military, Waffenfarbe (German: branch-of-service colors or corps colors) is a visual method that the armed forces use to distinguish between different corps or troop functions in its armed services. The Waffenfarbe it...

 

Nostra Signora del Santissimo Sacramento e Santi Martiri Canadesi

Church in Rome, ItalyNostra Signora del Santissimo Sacramento e Santi Martiri CanadesiOur Lady of the Blessed Sacrament and the Holy Canadian Martyrs (in English)Domini Nostræ e Santissimo Sacramenti et Sanctorum Martyrum Canadesium (in Latin)FacadeClick on the map for a fullscreen view41°55′03″N 12°31′08″E / 41.917613°N 12.518967°E / 41.917613; 12.518967LocationVia Giovanni Battista de Rossi 46, RomeCountryItalyDenominationRoman CatholicTraditionRoman rit...

 

伊林娛樂

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要編修，以確保文法、用詞、语气、格式、標點等使用恰当。 (2023年7月25日)請按照校對指引，幫助编辑這個條目。（幫助、討論） 此條目應避免有陳列雜項、瑣碎資料的部分。 (2023年7月25日)請協助將有關資料重新編排成連貫性的文章，安置於適當章節或條目內。 此條目已列出參考資料，但文...

Fidel Castro

Fidel CastroFidel Castro nel 1959 Primo Segretario del Partito Comunista di CubaDurata mandato3 ottobre 1965 –19 aprile 2011 Predecessorecarica istituita SuccessoreRaúl Castro Primo Segretario del Partito Unito della Rivoluzione Socialista di CubaDurata mandato26 marzo 1962 –3 ottobre 1965 Predecessorecarica istituita Successorepartito sciolto Presidente del Consiglio di Stato e del Consiglio dei ministri di CubaDurata mandato2 dicembre 1976 –2...

 

Rack and pinion

Type of linear actuator For rack-and-pinion railways, see Rack railway. Animation of a rack and pinion A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that comprises a circular gear (the pinion) engaging a linear gear (the rack).[1] Together, they convert between rotational motion and linear motion: rotating the pinion causes the rack to be driven in a line. Conversely, moving the rack linearly will cause the pinion to rotate. The rack and pinion mechanism is used in rack railways, whe...