Gáva-Holigrady culture

Gáva-Holigrady culture
Geographical rangeHungary, Slovakia, Romania, Moldova, Ukraine
PeriodBronze Age, Iron Age
Dates13th century - 9th century BC
Preceded byVatya culture, Noua-Sabatinovka culture
Followed byHallstatt culture, Thracians, Thraco-Cimmerians
See also: Bronze Age Hungary and Bronze Age Romania
Gava culture pottery from the Teleac hillfort, Romania.[1]

The Gáva-Holigrady culture was a late Bronze Age culture of Eastern Slovakia, Western Ukraine (Zakarpats'ka Oblast and Dnister river basin), Northwestern Romania, Moldova, and Northeastern Hungary.

It is considered a subtype of the Urnfield culture.

Gava-Holigrady culture is named after an archaeological settlement Gava in northeastern Hungary and an archaeological site Holigrady (Голігради) in Ukrainian Ternopil Oblast.

In Slovakia, the culture originated in the early 12th century BC.

Gáva people lived in settlements and hillforts that they built in the Slovakian and Transylvanian uplands.

Gava-Holigrad people are considered to be of Thracian ethnicity.[citation needed]

  • Bronze helmet and sword from Romania
    Bronze helmet and sword from Romania
  • Ceramic vessel from the Teleac hillfort, Romania
    Ceramic vessel from the Teleac hillfort, Romania
  • Gold vessel from Biia, Romania, 12th century BC
    Gold vessel from Biia, Romania, 12th century BC
  • Hinova treasure, Romania,12th century BC
    Hinova treasure, Romania,12th century BC
  • Hinova treasure, Romania,12th century BC
    Hinova treasure, Romania,12th century BC
  • Gold diadem, Hinova treasure
    Gold diadem, Hinova treasure
  • Remains of the Sântana mega-fort, Romania[2]
    Remains of the Sântana mega-fort, Romania[2]
  • Site of the Teleac hillfort, Romania
    Site of the Teleac hillfort, Romania
  • Iron artefacts from Teleac, 10th century BC
    Iron artefacts from Teleac, 10th century BC
  • Bronze horse figurine from Teleac, c. 11th century BC
    Bronze horse figurine from Teleac, c. 11th century BC
  • Bronze cup, Hungary
    Bronze cup, Hungary
  • Spearheads and arrowheads from Sântana, Romania
    Spearheads and arrowheads from Sântana, Romania
  • Gold jewellery from Sântana, Romania
    Gold jewellery from Sântana, Romania

Lăpuș Group

The Lăpuș Group is considered to be a Romanian counterpart of the Gáva-Holigrady culture.[3] It belongs to the North Romanian Suciu de Sus culture, which is part of the broader Urnfield culture.[4]

  • Lăpuș Group pottery, 13th century BC.[5]
    Lăpuș Group pottery, 13th century BC.[5]
  • Sarasău hoard gold, Romania, 1300-1200 BC[6]
    Sarasău hoard gold, Romania, 1300-1200 BC[6]
  • Sarasău hoard 1300-1200 BC[7]
    Sarasău hoard 1300-1200 BC[7]

References

  1. ^ Hansen, Svend (2019). "The Hillfort of Teleac and Early Iron in Southern Europe". In Hansen, Svend; Krause, Rüdiger (eds.). Bronze Age Fortresses in Europe. Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn. p. 205.
  2. ^ Gogâltan, Florin; Sava, Victor (2010). Sântana Cetatea Veche. A Bronze Age earthwork on the lower Mureș. Complexul Muzeal Arad. ISBN 978-9730096644.
  3. ^ Boardman, John, ed. (1983). The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume III (PDF). Cambridge University Press. p. 63. ISBN 0521224969. The Lăpuș group of Crișana–Maramureș, which is the Romanian counterpart of the Gava (Hungary) and Holihrady (Slovakia) cultures
  4. ^ Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2000). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology. Kluwer Academic. ISBN 9780306461583.
  5. ^ Metzner-Nebelsick, Carola (2012). "Channelled pottery in Transylvania and beyond – ritual and chronological aspects". In Astaloș, Ciprian (ed.). THE GÁVA CULTURE IN THE TISA PLAIN AND TRANSYLVANIA. Editura Muzeului Sătmărean. pp. 65–81.
  6. ^ "Sarasau hoard". Institute for the Study of the Ancient World. 21 September 2022.
  7. ^ "Sarasau hoard". Institute for the Study of the Ancient World. 21 September 2022.