Freddie Aguilar

In this Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Pascual and the surname or paternal family name is Aguilar.
Freddie Aguilar
Aguilar in Tondo, Manila, Philippines, 1988
Aguilar in Tondo, Manila, Philippines, 1988
Background information
Birth nameFerdinand Pascual Aguilar
Also known asKa Freddie, Abdul Farid, Baludoy
Born (1953-02-05) February 5, 1953 (age 71)
Hilantagaan, Santa Fe, Cebu, Philippines
GenresFolk, Manila sound, OPM
Occupation(s)Musician, Singer-songwriter
Instrument(s)Vocals, guitar, bass guitar
Years active1973–present
LabelsVicor Music/Sunshine, RCA

Ferdinand Pascual Aguilar (Tagalog: [pɐsˈkwal ʔɐɣɪˈlaɾ]; born February 5, 1953), better known as Freddie Aguilar,[1] Ka Freddie Aguilar, or simply Ka Freddie, is a Filipino folk musician and singer-songwriter regarded as one of the pillars and icons of Original Pilipino Music (OPM). He is best known for his rendition of "Bayan Ko", which became the anthem of the opposition against the regime of Ferdinand Marcos during the 1986 People Power Revolution,[2] and for his song "Anak", the best-selling Philippine music record of all time, selling 33 million copies worldwide.[3][4][5][6] He is heavily associated with Pinoy rock.[7]

He is well known internationally, claiming fame as one of the best musician-songwriters from the Philippines.

Early life

Aguilar began composing his own songs at age 14.[8] Aguilar studied Electrical Engineering at De Guzman Institute of Technology but did not finish the degree program. Instead he pursued music, became a street musician, and then a folk club and bar musician.[9] At the age of 18, Aguilar parted ways with his family and quit college;[10] he started performing on stage at age 20.[8] After realizing and regretting his mistakes five years after quitting college, he composed the song "Anak."[10]

Influences

Freddie Aguilar's influences include British and American folk-rock stars like Cat Stevens and James Taylor.[9] He is also heavily influenced by his Filipino heritage, nationalist feelings, and tries to constitute a musical exploration of the Filipino ethos.[9]

Career

Aguilar first began performing in public in 1973, when he auditioned and was hired to play folk songs at ₱500 per gig at the Hobbit House in Ermita, Manila.[11]

International acclaim

Aguilar's "Anak" not only broke the Philippine record charts in 1979, but it also hit the no. 1 spot in Japan and achieved considerable popularity in other countries as Angola, Japan, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and parts of Western Europe.[12] The song has become so famous that, by some counts, it has been recorded in as many as a hundred versions in 23 languages throughout the world.[13] Billboard reported that the song was the number two world hit of the 1980s. According to Billboard, Aguilar was the second best-selling recording artist of 1981 in Europe.[14] As of 2006, it was unsurpassed as the highest-selling record of Philippine music history.[15]

Political activism

Even before Aguilar's rendition of "Bayan Ko," Aguilar created and performed songs targeted at social injustices. His album, Magdalena included songs about a girl forced into prostitution as a result of poverty and the Christian-Muslim clashes in his song Mindanao. After the album, Freddie Aguilar also sang about the injustices suffered by the powerless, poverty, and the arrogance of superpowers in a song about the U.S. and Russia.[9]

Five years after the composition of "Anak", Freddie Aguilar joined protests against the Marcos regime and began writing and performing songs that criticized the excesses of the government.[12] Some of the songs that caused him to be banned from mainstream media include: "Kata-rungan" or "Justice" (speaking for the unjustly accused), "Pangako" ("Promise") (a leader's unfulfilled pledges to an abandoned people), and "Luzvi-minda" (an acronym for Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao, calling on Filipinos to wake up to the reality of oppression). One of the songs he was most remembered for during that time was his interpretation of "Bayan Ko" ("My Country"), in which he added a verse to the original piece.[16]

"Bayan Ko" (My Country)

In 1978, Aguilar first recorded "Bayan Ko" in a patriotic effort to, in his words, "jolt back those who were starting to forget who we really are."[12] He also provided a rendition of the song as it is inspiring and gave him excitement and a surge of power.[17] The song was originally composed in 1928 by Constancio de Guzman, with lyrics by poet Jose Corazon de Jesus, during a time of struggle for Philippine independence from US occupation.[18] It emerged once again during the Marcos regime as the unofficial anthem of the emergent "people" of the "People Power", the new democratic nation opposed to authoritarianism that is widely credited with the deposing of Ferdinand Marcos.[12] In 1983, the assassination of Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino triggered massive demonstrations against the Marcos dictatorship, and Aguilar's rendition of "Bayan Ko" was blared on the radio and speakers mounted on jeepneys throughout the streets of Manila and the provinces of the Philippines.[18] At the funeral of Senator Aquino, Freddie Aguilar sang "Bayan Ko" and felt that Aquino was a man of action who even gave his life for the freedom of the Philippines.[19] During the performance, Freddie Aguilar did not feel scared anymore and felt strong and confident.[17] He then decided to join the cause as well.[19] Aguilar, along with APO Hiking Society and other Pinoy pop musicians who took a stand against dictatorship, joined other protest singers in music and street performances as part of the anti-Marcos rallies.[18]

A few years later, Aguilar campaigned for the presidential candidacy of Corazon Aquino in the national election that would lead to the 1986 revolt.[12]

Aguilar mentioned in an interview with ABS-CBN News that the lyrics of the song combines the love the Filipinos have for their country, commemorate the Aquino family, and commitment to the country.[17] Even in this modern time, Filipinos will identify "Bayan Ko" as the nation's protest anthem.[18]

Present day

On January 18, 2008, Aguilar received the Asia Star Award from the Asia Model Award Festival in Korea.[20]

Aguilar still lives in the Philippines, and continues to perform. He has moved to his own place dubbed "Ka Freddie's".. He still has a strong following in the Philippines and among many Filipinos living overseas.

Aguilar has been advocating for the creation of a new department called "Department of Culture and Arts."[21] During the campaign and the Inauguration of president Rodrigo Duterte, Aguilar performed “Para sa Tunay na Pagbabago”, which is one of Duterte's campaign jingles to the tune of Ipaglalaban Ko.[22] Aguilar is President Duterte's favorite singer.[23]

Aguilar ran for senator in 2019.[24] Though running as an independent candidate, his candidacy was endorsed by President Duterte.[25] However, he lost, placing 30th out of 12 seats up for election.[26]

Personal life

Aguilar with his sister Marlene, circa 2002

In 1978, he married Josephine Queipo and with her had 4 children: Maegan, Jonan, Isabella, and Jeriko.

On October 17, 2013, Aguilar openly admitted, in spite of the controversy that followed,[27] that he is in a relationship with a 16-year-old girl, Jovi Gatdula Albao (Muslim name Sittie Mariam), with plans to marry and even have children, as his partner insisted that she is willing to have a baby.[28][29][30]

On November 22, 2013, Aguilar, under Islamic rites, married his partner in Buluan, Maguindanao.[31] Aguilar had converted to Islam six months prior to these reports, so that he could marry his then 16-year-old girlfriend.[32] His Muslim name is Abdul Farid.[33][34]

On January 3, 2018, Aguilar's residence in North Fairview, Quezon City was destroyed by a fire, which was reported to have started at his music room.[35] The fire destroyed most of Aguilar's valuables estimated at ₱15 million, including his art collection, awards, musical instruments, records, and other personal memorabilia. Aguilar was at "Ka Freddie's", his bar & restaurant along Tomas Morato Avenue, during the fire. His wife, son Jonan, and mother-in-law were all inside his residence during the fire, but were able to escape unharmed with the help of their neighbors.[36]

Discography

Year Title Record label
1978 Anak Vicor Music/Sunshine
1979 Freddie Aguilar PDU
1980 Diyosa Ugat Tunog ng Lahi/Vicor Music
1980 Freddie Aguilar (US release) RCA Records
1983 Magdalena G. Records International
1987 Freddie Aguilar – Anak – Double "Best Of" Album Panarecord International [37]
1987 EDSA Ivory Music
1988 Sariling Atin Alpha Music
1989 Hala Bira[38] Alpha Music
1990 Heart of Asia[39] OctoArts International
1991 Kumusta Ka AMP
1991 Freddie Aguilar AMP
1992 Pagbabalik Himig Vicor Music
1993 Minamahal Kita Alpha Music
1994 Anak (CD re-issue) Vicor Music
1994 Diwa Ng Pasko Alpha Music
1995 Fifteen Years of Freddie Aguilar (AMP release) Aguilar Music
1995 The Best of Freddie Aguilar Alpha Music
1997 Freddie Aguilar Live! Global Tour (Vols. 1, 2, 3) Aguilar Music / Vicor Music [40]

Singles

In chronological order:

  • 1976 "Alaala"
  • 1978 "Anak"
  • 1978 "Bayan Ko"
  • 1980 "Pulubi"
  • 1980 "Bulag, Pipi at Bingi"
  • 1981 "Ang Buhay Nga Naman Ng Tao"
  • 1983 "Magdalena"
  • 1983 "Mindanao"
  • 1984 "Pinoy"
  • 1985 "Mga Bata Sa Negros"
  • 1985 "Ipaglalaban Ko"
  • 1986 "Katarungan"
  • 1987 "'Di Ka Nag-iisa"
  • 1988 "Estudyante Blues"
  • 1989 "Luzviminda"
  • 1989 "Pangako"
  • 1993 "Minamahal Kita"
  • 1994 "Kumusta Ka"
  • 1994 "Pasko Ang Damdamin"
  • 1994 "Mga Pilipino Kong Mahal"
  • 1994 "Ang Bansa Kong Maligaya"

Music videos

  • Anak (1980 original by Tops Of The Pops TV Variety Program In The Netherlands, new live version recorded by MYX Live in 2005)
  • Sa Ngalan Ng Ama (1980)
  • Magdalena (1984)

Awards

Year Award Giving Body Category Nominated Work Results
1994 NU Rock Awards Rock Achievement Award — Won

See also

References

  1. ^ "Freddie Aguilar | Biography & History". AllMusic. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
  2. ^ "Priestess, Wife, Revolutionary: A new film documents the role of women in Philippine history". Archived from the original on December 15, 2006.
  3. ^ "Freddie gets Senate recognition for his song". www.philstar.com. April 5, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
  4. ^ Ager, Maila (March 13, 2018). "Aguilar's contributions to PH arts and culture get Senate recognition". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
  5. ^ "Philippines 10 best OPM singers and groups of all time". South China Morning Post. June 12, 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
  6. ^ "Senate honors Freddie Aguilar for outstanding lifetime contributions". www.gmanetwork.com. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
  7. ^ Dorian, Frederick; Simon Broughton; Mark Ellingham; James McConnachie; Richard Trillo; Orla Duane (2000). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. p. 216. ISBN 1-85828-636-0. Retrieved July 6, 2009.
  8. ^ a b The Freddie Aguilar Story
  9. ^ a b c d Lockard, Craig A. (1998). Dance of life: popular music and politics in Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii. p. 144. ISBN 0-8248-1918-7. Retrieved July 3, 2009. anak freddie.
  10. ^ a b Freddie: I wrote Anak to atone my sins Philstar (June 10, 2017). Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  11. ^ "Freddie Aguilar and his enduring 'Hobbit'". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. June 29, 1989. p. 26. Retrieved June 22, 2021.
  12. ^ a b c d e Tadiar, Neferti X. M. (2009). "Popular Laments". Cultural Studies. 23 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1080/09502380701702482. S2CID 147004919.
  13. ^ Caruncho, Eric S., Eric S. Caruncho
  14. ^ Manila Standard. Manila Standard. 1983. p. 18.
  15. ^ Dot Ramos Balasbas-Gancayco (December 12, 2006). "Still up on his toes (an interview with Freddie Aguilar)". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012.
  16. ^ Poblete, Johanna D. (August 7, 2009), "Songs of Freedom", Weekender, pp. S4/1
  17. ^ a b c "'Bayan Ko' has a long history". ABS-CBN News. June 24, 2010.
  18. ^ a b c d Maceda, Teresita Gemenez (2007). "Problematizing the popular: the dynamics of Pinoy pop(ular) music and popular protest music". Inter-Asia Cultural Studies. 8 (3): 390–413. doi:10.1080/14649370701393766. S2CID 143833840.
  19. ^ a b Dancing to the Tune of the Revolution: 5 songs of EDSA
  20. ^ "Iza Calzado bags Asian model award in Korea". GMA News.
  21. ^ Serato, Arniel (July 15, 2016). "Freddie Aguilar appointed as new NCCA commissioner by President Rodrigo Duterte" (in Filipino). Philippine Entertainment Portal. Archived from the original on June 22, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  22. ^ "Freddie Aguilar at the peak of his career". s3.amazonaws.com. June 30, 1994. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  23. ^ "At Duterte inauguration, Freddie Aguilar sings about 'tunay na pagbabago'". GMA News. June 30, 2016. Retrieved July 15, 2016.
  24. ^ "Freddie Aguilar files Senate candidacy for 2019 polls". Philstar.com. October 11, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  25. ^ Robles, Pia (November 5, 2018). "Duterte endorses Freddie Aguilar as senator: 'He's exemplary'". Rappler. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  26. ^ Afinidad-Bernardo, Deni Rose (May 14, 2019). "Freddie Aguilar thanks over 2M voters for trust". Philstar.com. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  27. ^ "Twittterverse slams Freddie Aguilar for relationship with 16-year-old girl". InterAksyon. Archived from the original on October 18, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
  28. ^ "Freddie Aguilar ready to marry 16-year-old GF". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
  29. ^ "Freddie Aguilar to Marry 16-Year-Old GF who Wants to Have a Baby | Philippine News". Philnews.ph. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
  30. ^ "60-year-old legendary singer Freddie Aguilar is helplessly in love with 16-year-old girlfriend". PEP.ph. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
  31. ^ Diola, Camille. "Now a Muslim, Freddie Aguilar marries 16-year-old | Entertainment, News, The Philippine Star". philstar.com. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
  32. ^ "Why Freddie, 16-year-old GF can marry as Muslims". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
  33. ^ "Freddie Aguilar as Abdul Farid Wedding Photos with 16-Year-Old GF | Philippine News". Philnews.ph. August 9, 2013. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
  34. ^ "Teen explains why she married Freddie Aguilar". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved November 23, 2013.
  35. ^ Jalea, Mary Gleefer (January 4, 2018). "Singer Freddie Aguilar loses QC home, belongings to fire". The Manila Times. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  36. ^ Enano, Jhesset (January 4, 2018). "Fire guts Freddie Aguilar's QC house". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  37. ^ "Freddie Aguilar – Anak – Double "Best Of" Album (1987, CD)" – via www.discogs.com.
  38. ^ "Freddie Aguilar releases 'Hala Bira'". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. August 1, 1989. p. 26. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  39. ^ "Freddie's album released". Manila Standard. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. November 3, 1990. p. 17. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  40. ^ "Freddie Aguilar – Freddie Aguilar ...Live! Global Tour (1997, CD)" – via www.discogs.com.

Read other articles:

Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom

Registration plates of motor vehicles in the United Kingdom British number plates redirects here. For Northern Ireland, see Vehicle registration plates of Northern Ireland. For British territories outside the United Kingdom, see Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom, Crown dependencies and overseas territories. Great BritainUK regular legal standard front (top) and rear (bottom) number plates. The national identifier on the UK's number plates is optional. Number plates including t...

 

Pantai Cermin

artikel ini tidak memiliki pranala ke artikel lain. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Bantu kami untuk mengembangkannya dengan memberikan pranala ke artikel lain secukupnya. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber:...

 

Chesterfield, Missouri

City in Missouri, United StatesChesterfield, MissouriCityFrom top left: Butterfly House, Faust Park, Residential area, Old Chesterfield Location of Chesterfield, MissouriCoordinates: 38°39′32″N 90°34′49″W / 38.65889°N 90.58028°W / 38.65889; -90.58028CountryUnited StatesStateMissouriCountySt. LouisIncorporated1988Government • MayorBob Nation[1]Area[2] • Total33.84 sq mi (87.64 km2) • Land31....

Первородный грех

Об экономическом термине см. Первородный грех (экономика). ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Ран�...

 

2019 UEC European Track Championships – Women's points race

Women's points race at the 2019 UEC European Track ChampionshipsVenueOmnisport Apeldoorn, ApeldoornDate19 OctoberCompetitors21 from 21 nationsWinning points46Medalists  Maria Giulia Confalonieri   Italy Tatsiana Sharakova   Belarus Hanna Solovey   Ukraine← 20182020 → 2019 UEC EuropeanTrack ChampionshipsSprintmenwomenTeam sprintmenwomenTeam pursuitmenwomenKeirinmenwomenOmniummenwomenMadisonmenwomenTime trial...

 

County-administered city

Administrative division of Taiwan   Special municipalities  Cities   County-administered cities This article is part of a series onAdministrative divisionsof Taiwan Centrally-governed Special municipalities Counties Cities Township-level Districts Mountain indigenous districts County-administered cities Urban townships Rural townships Mountain indigenous townships Village-level Urban villages Rural villages Neighborhood-level Neighborhoods Historical divisions of...

Человек прямоходящий

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

 

Cho muang

Cho muangAlternative namesChor muangTypeSnackPlace of originThailandRegion or stateCentral ThailandCreated byThai Royal KitchenServing temperatureWarmMain ingredientsGarlic, pepper, coriander roots, vegetables, chicken, porkCho muang or chor muang (Thai: ช่อม่วง, pronounced [t͡ɕʰɔ̂ː mûa̯ŋ]), sometimes referred to as Thai flower dumpling, is a traditional Thai savory snack. Its existence has been documented since the reign of King Rama II, where it is mentioned in the Ka...

 

Altitude training

Athletic training at high elevations Altitude training in the Swiss Olympic Training Base in the Alps (elevation 1,856 m or 6,089 ft) in St. Moritz. Altitude training is the practice by some endurance athletes of training for several weeks at high altitude, preferably over 2,400 metres (8,000 ft) above sea level, though more commonly at intermediate altitudes due to the shortage of suitable high-altitude locations. At intermediate altitudes, the air still contains approximately...

Anarchism in Canada

Part of a series onAnarchism History Outline Schools of thought Feminist Green Primitivist Social ecology Total liberation Individualist Egoist Free-market Naturist Philosophical Mutualism Postcolonial African Black Queer Religious Christian Jewish Social Collectivist Parecon Communist Magonism Without adjectives Methodology Agorism Illegalism Insurrectionary Communization Expropriative Pacifist Platformism Especifismo Relationship Syndicalist Synthesis Theory Practice Anarchy Anarchist Black...

 

Sergei Volchkov (singer)

Russian-Belarusian singer (born 1988) Sergei VolchkovRussian: Сергей ВолчковBelarusian: Сяргей ВаўчкоўSergei Volchkov, 2014BornSergei Valeryevich Volchkov(1988-04-03)3 April 1988Bykhaw, Mahilyow Voblasts, BelarusOccupation(s)Singer, musicianMusical careerGenresPop music, Romance, OperaInstrument(s)VocalsLabelsUniversal Music RussiaWebsitehttp://volchkovsergey.ru/ Musical artist Sergei Valeryevich Volchkov (Russian: Сергей Валерьевич Волчков, Be...

 

Volkswagen LT

Volkswagen LTInformasiProdusenawalnya: Volkswagen,kemudian: Volkswagen Commercial VehiclesMasa produksiTyp 28: April 1975–Juli 1991Typ 21: Agustus 1991–Desember 1995Typ 2D: Mei 1996–Juli 2006Bodi & rangkaKelasKendaraan komersial ringanBentuk kerangkaVan (Cargo/Passenger), Pickup, Minibus, Crew cab, Chassis cabTata letakMesin depan,penggerak roda belakang/4WDPlatformVolkswagen Group LT/T1N seriesKronologiPenerusVolkswagen Crafter Volkswagen LT adalah van sebagai kendaraan niaga ...

Новая Третьяковка

Новая Третьяковкаангл. New Tretyakov Gallery Здание музея, 2013 год Дата открытия 1986 Адрес Россия, Москва, ул. Крымский Вал, 10 Директор Проничева Елена Владимировна Сайт Страница на сайте Третьяковской галереи  Медиафайлы на Викискладе Но́вая Третьяко́вка — второе здание Тр...

 

Bombay Jayashri

Singer, music composer and teacher Not to be confused with theatre personality, B. Jayashree. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (January 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article's lead section may be too...

 

T.T. Syndrome

2002 Serbian horror film by Dejan Zečević T.T. SyndromeDVD released by Pro VisionSerbianT.T. Sindrom Directed byDejan ZečevićWritten byDejan ZečevićProduced byMilan NikolicStarringNikola Đuričko Ljubinka Klarić Bane Vidaković Dušica Žegarac Feđa Stojanović Sonja Damjanović Nebojša GlogovacCinematographyVladan ObradovicEdited bySrdjan MitrovicMusic byAndrej AćinProductioncompaniesRevision Tangram EntertainmentDistributed byPro VisionRelease dates 21 March 2002 (...

1962 French legislative election

1962 French legislative election ← 1958 18 November and 25 November 1962 1967 → All seats in the French National AssemblyTurnout68.7% ( 8.4 pp) (1st round) 72.1% ( 3.4 pp) (2nd round)   Majority party Minority party Third party   Leader Georges Pompidou Guy Mollet Maurice Faure Party UNR SFIO PRV Leader's seat Cantal-2nd Pas-de-Calais-1st Lot Last election 189 seats 40 seats 37 seats Seats won 229 65 42 Seat change 40 25 5 Popular vote...

 

Sandro Magister

Sandro Magister, all'anagrafe Alessandro Magister (Busto Arsizio, 2 ottobre 1943), è un giornalista e saggista italiano, vaticanista per diverse testate di GEDI Gruppo Editoriale. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Opere 3 Note 4 Altri progetti 5 Collegamenti esterni Biografia Dopo aver studiato teologia, filosofia e storia alla facoltà teologica di Milano e all'Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, ha conseguito la licenza in teologia nel 1967. Collabora dal 1974 al settimanale l'Espresso, trattando sp...

 

Moniga del Garda

Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati della provincia di Brescia è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Moniga del Gardacomune Moniga del Garda – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Lombardia Provincia Brescia AmministrazioneSindacoRenato Marcoli (lista civica) dal 4-10-2021 TerritorioCoordinate45°31′37″N 10°32′20″E45°31′37″N, 10°32′20″E (Moniga del Garda) Altitudine105 m s...

Weckolsheim

Weckolsheimcomune Weckolsheim – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Francia RegioneGrand Est Dipartimento Alto Reno ArrondissementColmar CantoneEnsisheim AmministrazioneSindacoArlette Bradat TerritorioCoordinate48°00′N 7°31′E48°00′N, 7°31′E (Weckolsheim) Altitudine194 e 201 m s.l.m. Superficie7 km² Abitanti673[1] (2020) Densità96,14 ab./km² Comuni confinantiHettenschlag, Wolfgantzen, Dessenheim, Obersaasheim, Neuf-Brisach, Volgelsheim, Algolsheim Altr...

 

Volcanic explosivity index

Predictive Qualitative scale for explosiveness of volcanic eruptions VEI redirects here. For the company, see Visual Entertainment Inc. VEI and ejecta volume correlation The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is a scale used to measure the size of explosive volcanic eruptions. It was devised by Christopher G. Newhall of the United States Geological Survey and Stephen Self in 1982. Volume of products, eruption cloud height, and qualitative observations (using terms ranging from gentle to mega-co...