Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves

His Excellency
Rodrigues Alves
His Excellency Rodrigues Alves
	Official portrait, 1902
President of Brazil
	In office; 15 November 1902 – 15 November 1906
Vice President	Silviano Brandão (elect); None (1902–1903); Afonso Pena (1903–1906)
Preceded by	Campos Sales
Succeeded by	Afonso Pena
President-elect of Brazil
	In role; 6 July 1918 – 16 January 1919
Vice President	Delfim Moreira
Preceded by	Venceslau Brás
Succeeded by	Delfim Moreira
1916–1918
Other offices held
1916–1918	Senator for São Paulo
1912–1916	President of São Paulo
1906–1906	Minister of the Office of the Presidency
1900–1902	President of São Paulo
1897–1900	Senator for São Paulo
1894–1896	Minister of Finance
1893–1894	Senator for São Paulo
1891–1892	Minister of Finance
1887–1888	President of the São Paulo Province
1887–1888	General Deputy for São Paulo
1878–1879	Provincial Deputy of São Paulo
1872–1875	Provincial Deputy of São Paulo
Personal details
Born	7 July 1848; Guaratinguetá, São Paulo, Empire of Brazil
Died	16 January 1919 (aged 70); Rio de Janeiro, Federal District, Brazil
Political party	Conservative (before 1889); PRP (1889–1919)
Spouse	Ana Guilhermina Borges
Profession	Lawyer; politician;
Signature

Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, PC (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɾɐ̃ˈsisku dʒi ˈpawlɐ ʁoˈdɾiɡiz ˈawvis]; 7 July 1848 – 16 January 1919) was a Brazilian politician who first served as president of the Province of São Paulo in 1887, then as Treasury minister in the 1890s. Rodrigues Alves was elected the fifth president of Brazil in 1902 and served until 1906.

During this term he remodeled the then Brazilian capital, Rio de Janeiro, an effort punctuated by the 1904 "Vaccine Revolt". He was elected president for a second term in 1918, but died in the influenza pandemic before assuming power, on 16 January 1919. He was succeeded by his vice-president, Delfim Moreira.

Biography

Rodrigues Alves was born in the city of Guaratinguetá, São Paulo. He graduated as a lawyer from the Faculdade de Direito do Largo de São Francisco, São Paulo, in 1870. His public career started as councilman in his native city, from 1866 to 1870. He became prosecutor in 1870. In 1872 he became a member of the state house of representatives until 1879. Also during the period of the Empire of Brazil, he took office as president of the province of São Paulo, from 1887 until 1888. After the proclamation of the Republic, he was a member of the Constitutional Assembly, and also a member of the house of representatives (1891/1893). He occupied the position of Treasury Secretary twice, from 1891 to 1892 and from 1894 to 1896.

He assumed his second mandate as state president in São Paulo from 1 May 1900 to 13 February 1902). On February 13 he resigned to run for Brazil's presidency.

He was elected to rule as Brazil's 5th president from 1902 to 1906. He distinguished himself as a great city planner and public financier. He applied his experience in the re-urbanization of the capital of the Republic, Rio de Janeiro.

He ran again for the presidency in 1918, won the election with over 99% of the vote, and was scheduled to take office on 15 November 1918. He was unable to do so because of illness, and he died on 16 January 1919, a victim of the Spanish flu epidemic of 1918–1919.^[2]

40 years later in 1959, his grand-nephew, Carlos Alberto Alves de Carvalho Pinto, assumed his title of state president in São Paulo where he was the president of the state for 4 years.

References

^ "Portal MF 200 anos — República". April 17, 2009. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009.
^ McCann, Frank D. (2004). "Chapter 5: Professionalism and Rebellion". Soldiers of the Pátria: A History of the Brazilian Army, 1889-1937. Stanford University Press. p. 191. ISBN 9780804732222. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21 – via Google Books.

Political offices
Preceded by The Count of Parnaíba	President of the São Paulo Province 1887–1888	Succeeded by Dutra Rodrigues
Preceded by Fernando Prestes	President of São Paulo 1900–1902	Succeeded by Domingos Correia de Morais
Preceded by Campos Sales	President of Brazil 1902–1906	Succeeded by Afonso Pena
Preceded by Albuquerque Lins	President of São Paulo 1912–1916	Succeeded by Altino Arantes Marques
Preceded by Venceslau Brás	President of Brazil (elect) Did not take office	Succeeded by Delfim Moreira