Foreign relations of Cambodia

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The Cambodian government has diplomatic relations with most countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, as well as all of its Asian neighbors, including China, India, Vietnam, Laos, South Korea, and Thailand. The government is a member of most major international organizations, including the United Nations and its specialized agencies such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The government is an Asian Development Bank (ADB) member, a member of ASEAN, and of the WTO. In 2005 Cambodia attended the inaugural East Asia Summit. The government is also a member of the Pacific Alliance (as observer) and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (as dialogue partner).[1]

International disputes

See also: Cambodian–Thai border dispute
Delegates of the ASEAN Summit pose for a photograph at the Peace Palace in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, on 19 November 2012.

Cambodia is involved in a dispute regarding offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam. In addition, the maritime boundary Cambodia has with Vietnam is undefined. Parts of Cambodia's border with Thailand are indefinite, and the maritime boundary with Thailand is not clearly defined.

Illicit drugs

Main article: Drugs in Cambodia

Cambodia is a transshipment site for Golden Triangle heroin, and possibly a site of money laundering. There is corruption related to narcotics in parts of the government, military and police. Cambodia is also a possible site of small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production. The country is a large producer of cannabis for the international market.[2]

International organization participation

ACCT, AsDB, ASEAN, ASEAN-Japan Centre, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), International Monetary Fund, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WB, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WToO, WTrO (applicant)

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Cambodia maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date[3]
1  United States 11 July 1950
2  Thailand 19 December 1950
3  Italy 27 July 1951
4  Liberia 16 November 1951
5  Spain 16 November 1951
6  Australia 15 January 1952
7  United Kingdom 15 May 1952
8  Pakistan 28 May 1952
9  Sri Lanka 28 May 1952
10  India 30 May 1952
11  France 4 November 1952
12  Egypt 30 March 1953[4]
13  Japan 4 May 1954
14  Myanmar 12 July 1955[5]
15  Laos 15 June 1956[6]
16  Russia 6 November 1956
17  Czech Republic 16 April 1957
18  Philippines 27 August 1957
19  Poland 16 April 1957
20  Malaysia 31 August 1957[7]
21  Netherlands 1957[8]
22  China 19 July 1958
23  Indonesia 13 February 1959
24  Israel 16 February 1959[9]
25  New Zealand 18 February 1959
26  Cuba 15 April 1960
27  Bulgaria 18 September 1960[10]
28  Mongolia 30 November 1960
29  Singapore 26 April 1961
30  Romania 10 January 1963[11]
31  Lebanon 13 July 1963[12]
32  Hungary 22 July 1963
33  Germany 19 February 1964[13]
34  Sweden 19 February 1964[14]
35  North Korea 20 December 1964
36  Mauritania 29 October 1965[15]
37  Argentina 1 February 1966
38  Algeria 2 December 1966[16]
39  Vietnam 24 June 1967
40  Albania 9 October 1967
41  Austria 9 October 1967
42  Denmark 9 October 1967
43   Switzerland 9 October 1967
44  Belgium 19 October 1967
45  Yemen 19 March 1968
46  Senegal 27 March 1969[17]
47  Turkey 3 May 1969[18]
48  Guinea June 1969[19]
49  Finland 20 January 1970[20]
50  South Korea May 1970[21]
51  Bangladesh 6 June 1972[22]
52  Democratic Republic of the Congo 5 October 1972[23]
53  Cameroon 13 October 1972[24]
54  Colombia 1 August 1973
55  Somalia 16 August 1973[25]
56  Jordan September 1974[26]
57    Nepal 18 April 1975[27]
58  Guyana 5 September 1975
59  Mexico 26 September 1975[28]
60  Angola 4 December 1975
61  Peru 31 May 1976
62  Chile 1 June 1976[29]
63  Mozambique 25 June 1975[30]
64  Mali 31 October 1976[31]
65  Norway 18 November 1976[32]
66  Iraq 10 January 1978[33]
67  Grenada Before 1982[34]
68  Gabon Before 1984[35]
69  Niger Before 1984[35]
70  Cape Verde March 1984[36]
71  Ethiopia 1980s
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 1980s
72  Libya 16 February 1990
73  Canada 25 November 1991
74  Eswatini 13 December 1991
—  State of Palestine 17 December 1991
75  Ukraine 23 April 1992
76  Portugal 29 May 1992
77  Iran 5 June 1992
78  Brunei 9 June 1992
79  Malta 6 June 1993
80  Kazakhstan 25 February 1994
81  Nicaragua 10 March 1994
82  Brazil 25 March 1994
—  Holy See 25 March 1994
83  Bolivia 26 April 1994
84  Burundi 15 May 1994
85  Venezuela 18 June 1994
86  Ecuador 29 June 1994
87  Kuwait 16 July 1994
88  Uruguay 29 September 1994
89  Papua New Guinea 7 October 1994
90  United Arab Emirates 21 October 1994
91  Paraguay 27 October 1994
92  Belize 1 November 1994
93  Georgia 17 November 1994
94  Sudan 5 January 1995
95  Benin 23 January 1995
96  South Africa 26 January 1995
97  Azerbaijan 2 February 1995
98  Tanzania 8 March 1995
99  Moldova 10 March 1995
100  Kyrgyzstan 23 March 1995
101  Turkmenistan 6 April 1995
102  Tunisia 12 April 1995
103  Federated States of Micronesia 2 May 1995
104  Mauritius 18 May 1995
105  Ghana 24 May 1995
106  Armenia 18 August 1995
107  Uzbekistan 7 September 1995
108  Maldives 21 September 1995
109  Latvia 22 September 1995
110  Lithuania 22 September 1995
111  Vanuatu 26 September 1995
112  Belarus 25 October 1995
113  Tajikistan 29 November 1995
114  Panama 15 February 1996[37]
115  Guatemala 26 February 1996
116  Honduras 26 February 1996
117  Greece 8 April 1996
118  Zambia 8 May 1996
119  Slovenia 16 July 1996
120  Seychelles 15 August 1996
121  Croatia 10 September 1996
122  Morocco 23 October 1996
123  North Macedonia 29 October 1996
124  Slovakia 20 February 1997
125  Madagascar 25 March 1997
126  Ireland 30 October 1999
127  Costa Rica 1999[38]
128  Cyprus 16 August 2000
129  Republic of the Congo 13 September 2000
130  Nigeria 28 May 2001
131  Zimbabwe 30 June 2001
132  Luxembourg 15 May 2002
133  Timor-Leste 29 July 2002
134  Iceland 19 June 2003
135  Bosnia and Herzegovina 23 December 2003
136  Estonia 31 August 2005
137  Rwanda 29 September 2005
138  Andorra 8 March 2006
139  Nauru 25 April 2007
140  Qatar 1 April 2008
141  Ivory Coast 9 April 2008
142  Dominican Republic 13 November 2008
143  Serbia 2 March 2009
144  Bahrain 29 June 2009
145  Kenya 4 July 2009
146  Montenegro 12 October 2009
147  Palau 26 October 2009
148  Oman 16 November 2009
149  Jamaica 12 January 2010
150  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 12 January 2010
151  El Salvador 16 January 2010
152  Saudi Arabia 18 January 2010
153  Eritrea 2 February 2010
154  Chad 9 February 2010
155  Comoros 22 February 2010
156  Dominica 27 April 2010
157  Antigua and Barbuda 28 April 2010
158  Gambia 28 April 2010
159  Samoa 18 May 2010
160  Fiji 27 May 2010
161  Namibia 25 June 2010
162  Equatorial Guinea 30 June 2010
163  Guinea-Bissau 30 June 2010
164  Burkina Faso 2 July 2010
165  Togo 6 August 2010
166  Sierra Leone 7 October 2010
167  Syria 25 October 2010
168  San Marino 12 April 2011
169  Liechtenstein 8 June 2011
170  Tuvalu 28 June 2011
171  Malawi 20 July 2011
172  South Sudan 22 July 2011
173  Suriname 31 October 2011
174  Solomon Islands 22 February 2012
175  Djibouti 28 April 2016
176  Marshall Islands 20 January 2017
177  Saint Kitts and Nevis 16 November 2018[39]
178  Monaco 11 July 2019
179  Barbados 11 November 2019[39]
180  Uganda 23 January 2020[39]
181  Afghanistan N/A

Bilateral relations

Africa

Americas

Country Formal relations began in Notes
 Canada 25 November 1991 See Cambodia–Canada relations
  • Cambodia is accredited to Canada from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.
  • Canada is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
 Mexico September 1976
  • Cambodia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[40][41]
  • Mexico is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam.[42]
 United States 11 July 1950 See Cambodia–United States relations
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • United States has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

Asia

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Armenia
  • Armenia is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam.
  • Cambodia is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
 Azerbaijan
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam.
  • Cambodia is accredited to Azerbaijan from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
 Brunei 9 June 1992 See Brunei–Cambodia relations
  • Brunei has an embassy in Phnom Penh.[43]
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Bandar Seri Begawan.[43]
  • The relations are mainly on economics and security.
 China (PRC) 19 July 1958 See Cambodia–China relations
  • Cambodia and the People's Republic of China relations have strengthened considerably after the end of the Cambodian-Vietnamese War.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Beijing.
  • China has an embassy in Phnom Penh
China China (ROC, Taiwan) No official relations
 Georgia
  • Cambodia is accredited to Georgia from its embassy in Ankara, Turkey.
  • Georgia is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
 India 1981 See Cambodia–India relations
  • Cambodia and India have ties that go deep into history, in areas of religion, architecture, art, political systems and royal families.
  • India has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in New Delhi.
 Indonesia 1957 See Cambodia–Indonesia relations
 Israel 1960
1993 (reestablished)		 See Cambodia–Israel relations
 Japan 4 May 1954 See Cambodia–Japan relations
  • Japan has an embassy in Phnom Penh and a consulate general in Siem Reap.[45]
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Tokyo.
  • Both Countries relations that in 1946, King Norodom Sihanouk said that Japan do not need to pay for the destruction since 1940, he said Cambodia wanted to be allied with Japan.
 Laos 15 June 1956 See Cambodia–Laos relations
  • Laos has an embassy in Phnom Penh.[46]
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Vientiane.[47]
  • Historically, relations have been tense, with long-standing unresolved border disputes.[48][49]
 Malaysia 2 December 1996 See Cambodia–Malaysia relations
  • The relations are mainly in economic.[50]
  • Malaysia was the fourth largest foreign investors to Cambodian in 2009.[51]
 North Korea 28 December 1964[52] See Cambodia–North Korea relations
 Pakistan See Cambodia–Pakistan relations
  • Cambodia is accredited to Pakistan from its embassy in New Delhi, India.
  • Pakistan has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
 Philippines 1956 See Cambodia–Philippines relations
Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte with King Norodom Sihamoni at the Royal Palace in Phnom Penh on 14 December 2016.
  • The two countries have an agreements on economic and trade relations, agricultural and agribusiness collaboration, and tourism cooperation.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Manila.
  • Philippines has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
 Singapore 10 August 1965 See Cambodia–Singapore relations
  • Cambodia was one of the first countries to recognize Singapore's sovereignty when it became independent in 1965.
  • Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong visited Cambodia in 2005 and 2012.
  • Singapore has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Singapore.
 South Korea 18 May 1970[53] [53]
King Norodom Sihamoni granting an audience to President of South Korea Lee Myung-bak in 2009.
See Cambodia–South Korea relations
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Seoul.
  • South Korea has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
 Tajikistan 1956
  • Cambodia embassy in Ankara, Turkey is presented for Tajikistan.[1]
 Thailand See Cambodia–Thailand relations
  • Cambodian–Thai border dispute
  • The Kingdom of Thailand has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • The Kingdom of Cambodia has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand was once Cambodia's arch-enemy.
 Turkey 1959[54] See Cambodia–Turkey relations
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Ankara.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$108.4 million in 2015 (Cambodian exports/imports: 94.7/13.7 million USD).[55]
 Vietnam See Cambodia–Vietnam relations
  • Bilateral relations between the Cambodia and Vietnam were for long strained due to the Cambodian-Vietnamese War.
  • The maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by unresolved dispute over sovereignty of offshore islands.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Hanoi.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

Europe

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Denmark 9 October 1967 See Cambodia–Denmark relations
  • Cambodia is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in London, United Kingdom.
  • Denmark is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
 Finland 20 January 1970[56]
  • Finland recognized Cambodia on 19 December 1969. Diplomatic relations established on 20 January 1970, re-established 9 August 1976.[56]
  • Cambodia is represented in Finland through its embassy in London, United Kingdom[57]
  • Finland is represented in Cambodia through its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand[58]
 France 1863 See Cambodia–France relations
 Germany See Cambodia–Germany relations
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
 Greece
  • Cambodia's embassy in Brussels, Belgium is also accredited to Greece
  • Greece's embassy in Bangkok is also accredited to Cambodia.[60]
  • Both countries are full members of the Francophonie.[61]
 Hungary 10 July 1995
 Netherlands
  • Cambodia is accredited to the Netherlands from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium.
  • the Netherlands is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
 Poland 29 March 1992
  • Poland closed its embassy in Phnom Penh at 2009[63] and accredited from Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Cambodia is accredited to Poland from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
 Portugal
  • Cambodia is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Portugal is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
 Romania
  • Cambodia is accredited to Romania from its embassy in Sofia, Bulgaria.
  • Romania is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam.
 Spain 16 November 1951 See Cambodia–Spain relations
  • Cambodia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.
  Switzerland 1957[64]
  • Switzerland recognized Cambodia in 1957, and the two countries have maintained diplomatic relations since 1963.
  • Bilateral relations between Cambodia and Switzerland are good. Switzerland supports the transition process and development efforts in Cambodia.
  • Trade between the two countries is marginal.[64]
 Ukraine 23 April 1992 See Cambodia–Ukraine relations
  • Cambodia is accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Ukraine is accredited to Cambodia from its embassy in Hanoi, Vietnam.
 United Kingdom 1953
1976 (reestablished)		 See Cambodia–United Kingdom relations
  • British Minister of State Hugo Swire visited Cambodia on 29 January 2014 to discuss solutions for political deadlock with the ruling and opposition parties.[65]
  • Cambodia has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Phnom Penh.

Oceania

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Australia 1950s[66] See Australia–Cambodia relations
  • Australia has an embassy in Phnom Penh.
  • Cambodia has an embassy in Canberra.[43]

Country with no relations

There are 17 countries that haven't establish any diplomatic relations with Cambodia:

See also

References

  1. ^ Sok Udom Deth, and Serkan Bulut, eds. Cambodia's Foreign Relations in Regional and Global Contexts (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2017; comprehensive coverage) full book online free[dead link‍].
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  3. ^ "LIST OF MEMBER STATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS (193) HAVING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CAMBODIA". mfaic.gov.kh. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
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  44. ^ ממלכת קמבודיה, באתר משרד החוץ
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Further reading

  • Deth, Sok Udom, and Serkan Bulut, eds. Cambodia's Foreign Relations in Regional and Global Contexts (Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2017; comprehensive coverage) full book online free[dead link‍].
    • Path Kosal, "Introduction: Cambodia's Political History and Foreign Relations, 1945-1998" pp 1–26
  • Acharya, Amitav. The Making of Southeast Asia: International Relations of A Region (Cornell UP, 2012)
  • Chandler, David. The Tragedy of Cambodian History: Politics, War, and Revolution since 1945 (Yale UP, 1991)
  • Ciorciari, John D. "Cambodia in 2019: Backing Further into a Corner." Asian Survey 60.1 (2020): 125–131. online
  • Clymer, Kenton. Troubled Relations: The United States and Cambodia since 1870 (Northern Illinois UP, 2007).
  • Leighton, Marian Kirsch. "Perspectives on the Vietnam-Cambodia border conflict." Asian Survey 18.5 (1978): 448–457. online
  • Leng, Thearith. "2016: A Promising Year for Cambodia?." Southeast Asian Affairs (2017): 133–146. online
  • Morris, Stephen J. Why Vietnam invaded Cambodia: Political culture and the causes of war (Stanford University Press, 1999).
  • Peou, Sorpong. "Cambodia in 2018: a year of setbacks and successes." Southeast Asian Affairs 2019.1 (2019): 104–119. online
  • Richardson, Sophie. China, Cambodia and the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (Columbia UP, 2010)
  • Smith, Roger. Cambodia's Foreign Policy (Cornell UP, 1965).
  • Un, Kheang, and Jing Jing Luo. "Cambodia in 2019: Entrenching One-Party Rule and Asserting National Sovereignty in the Era of Shifting Global Geopolitics." Southeast Asian Affairs 2020.1 (2020): 117–134. online
  • Westad, Odd Arne, and Sophie Quinn-Judge, eds. The third Indochina war: conflict between China, Vietnam and Cambodia, 1972-79 (Routledge, 2006).
  • Womack, Brantly. "Asymmetry and systemic misperception: China, Vietnam and Cambodia during the 1970s." Journal of Strategic Studies 26.2 (2003): 92-119 online.