Float (horse-drawn)

For conveyance used to haul horses, see Horse trailer.
Horse-drawn milk float in the Milestones Museum
Milk float, c. 1904
Milk cart

A float is a form of two-wheeled horse-drawn cart, often with a dropped axle to give an especially low load-bed. They were intended for use by deliverymen and the carrying of heavy or unstable items such as milk churns.[1][2]: 123 [3]: 124 [4]: 79 

The axle passes beneath the load-bed of the cart and is cranked upwards at each side, allowing the floor of the cart to be lower than the center of the wheels.[2]: 95  This allows the load to be carried low, for stability and ease of loading with heavy objects such as churns or barrels. The high position of the axle ends allows large wheels, giving a smooth ride. The box body is often open at the rear, or has a tailboard which can be let down.[5][6]: 20  Rather than a driving seat or box, they are driven from a standing position, alongside the load. Floats were drawn by a single horse or, especially in Ireland, a donkey.

Milk churns were transported to the customer and milk was ladled out into the customer's container.[7] The churn-carrying float became obsolete as bottled milk became common, with milkmen using trolleys, vans and carts, but the name "float" survives today for all forms of delivery of milk including today's powered milk floats and for parade float.[5]

The float design was also used for hauling heavy stone, horse ambulances, and carrying livestock.[5][2]: 95 

A rough type of float used in Ireland was called a shandrydan or shandydan.[3]: 238 [8][9]

The word "float" is also used for a showy advertising vehicle and for commercial vehicle classes in horse shows, sometimes called an "exhibition float".[7][6]: 22  In America, a goods wagon pulled by a single horse was often called a float.[4]: 79 

See also

References

  1. ^ Percy W Blandford (1976). Old Farm Tools and Machinery. David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-7151-7.
  2. ^ a b c Arnold, James (1979). All drawn by horses. David & Charles. ISBN 0715376829. OL 4489383M.
  3. ^ a b Walrond, Sallie (1979). The Encyclopaedia of Driving. Country Life Books. ISBN 0600331822. OL 4175648M.
  4. ^ a b Smith, D.J.M. (1988). A Dictionary of Horse Drawn Vehicles. J.A. Allen. p. 79. ISBN 0851314686. OL 11597864M.
  5. ^ a b c Parry, David (1979). English Horse Drawn Vehicles. Frederick Warne & Co. p. 28. ISBN 0723221723. OL 4485663M.
  6. ^ a b Thompson, John (1977). Horse-drawn Trade Vehicles. J. Thompson. ISBN 0950577510. OL 4477363M.
  7. ^ a b Walrond, Sallie (1992). Looking at Carriages. Pelham. pp. 126–7. ISBN 0720712823. OL 3828623M.
  8. ^ "Shandydan". Dictionaries of the Scots Language. Scottish National Dictionary (1700–).
  9. ^ O'Brien, John. "The Old Mass Shandrydan". The Life and Poetry of John O'Brien.