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Flavobacterium akiainvivens
Scientific classification
Domain:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Bacteroidota
Class:	Flavobacteriia
Order:	Flavobacteriales
Family:	Flavobacteriaceae
Genus:	Flavobacterium
Species:	F. akiainvivens
Binomial name
	Flavobacterium akiainvivens; Iris Kuo, Jimmy Saw, Durrell D. Kapan, Stephanie Christensen, Kenneth Y. Kaneshiro, Stuart P. Donachie, 2013

Flavobacterium akiainvivens, or koʻohonua ʻili akia,^[3] (literally "ʻākia bark bacteria") is a species of gram-negative bacteria in the Flavobacteriaceae family. The specific epithet akiainvivens is Latin (akia in vivens) and literally means "living on or in ʻākia."^[1] It was isolated originally from decaying wood of the endemic Hawai'ian shrub ʻākia (Wikstroemia oahuensis).

Flavobacterium akiainvivens was discovered by Iris Kuo when she was just a high school student at ʻIolani School.^[4] She and her coauthors determined that it shares a clade with Flavobacterium rivuli and Flavobacterium subsaxonicum.^[1]

Description

Grown on R2a agar, colonies are off-white or cream, around 2-3mm in diameter, mucoid and translucent.^[1] Cells are gram-negative 0.4 by 2 μm rods. The cells are without any gliding motility^[1] and the genome revealed no flagella or chemotaxis systems.^[5] It is catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, and can not reduce nitrate.^[1] The species expresses caseinase, lipase, and amylase, but can digest neither cellulose nor DNA.^[1] It can grow both aerobically and microaerophilically but not anaerobically.^[1] The primary carotenoid is zeaxanthin, but it does not have any flexirubin-type pigments.^[1] The DNA G+C content for the type strain is 44.2 mol%.^[1]

State microbe status

In early 2013, state representative James Tokioka submitted HB 293 HD1 to establish F. akiainvivens as the state microbe of Hawaiʻi.^[4] At the time, no other U.S. states had a microorganism as a state symbol.^[4] However, on 29 May 2013 Oregon officially designated Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the official microbe of the state,^[6] making it the first in the nation.^[7] Meanwhile, the Hawaiʻian legislation was deferred for a year when it encountered competition from Senator Glenn Wakai's SB3124 proposing Aliivibrio fischeri.^[3] In 2017, legislation similar to the original 2013 F. akiainvivens bill was submitted in the Hawaiʻi House of Representatives by Isaac Choy^[8] and in the Hawaiʻi Senate by Brian Taniguchi.^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Kuo, Iris; Saw, Jimmy; Kapan, Durrell D.; Christensen, Stephanie; Kaneshiro, Kenneth Y.; Donachie, Stuart P. (1 September 2013). "Flavobacterium akiainvivens sp. nov., from decaying wood of Wikstroemia oahuensis, Hawai'i, and emended description of the genus Flavobacterium". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 63 (9): 3280–3286. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.047217-0. ISSN 1466-5034. OCLC 5157565552. PMID 23475344.
^ "Flavobacterium akiainvivens". NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2017. Lineage( full ) cellular organisms; Bacteria; FCB group; Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi group; Bacteroidetes; Flavobacteriia; Flavobacteriales; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacterium
^ ^a ^b Cave, James (3 April 2014). "Hawaii, Other States Calling Dibs On Official State Bacteria". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 7 November 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Hawaiian Bat and Microbe Take Center Stage at State Legislature". Hawaii Reporter. Hawaii Reporter Inc. March 7, 2013. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
^ Wan, Xuehua; Hou, Shaobin; Saito, Jennifer A.; Kaneshiro, Kenneth Y.; Donachie, Stuart P. (September 2015). "Genome Sequence of Flavobacterium akiainvivens IK-1T, Isolated from Decaying Wikstroemia oahuensis, an Endemic Hawaiian Shrub". Genome Announcements. 3 (4): e01222–15. doi:10.1128/genomeA.01222-15. ISSN 2169-8287. PMC 4616177. PMID 26494668.
^ Johnson, Mark; Dembrow, Michael; McLane, Mike; Vega Pedersen, Jessica; Whisnant, Gene; Williamson, Jennifer; Hansell, Bill; Thomsen, Chuck (29 May 2013). "House Concurrent Resolution 12". Oregon Legislature Bill Tracker - Your Government - The Oregonian. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Live LLC. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
^ Gaston, Christian (23 May 2013). "Oregon is first in nation with official state microbe: brewer's yeast". The Oregonian. Oregon Live LLC. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
^ Choy, Isaac (25 January 2017). "HB1217". Hawaii State Legislature. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii State Legislature. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017.
^ Taniguchi, Brian (25 January 2017). "SB1212". Hawaii State Legislature. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii State Legislature. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2017.