Female Peronist Party

Peronist Women's Party
Partido Peronista Femenino
AbbreviationPPF
PresidentEva Perón (1949–1952)
Delia Parodi (1952–1955)
FounderEva Perón
Founded29 July 1949 (1949-07-29)[1]
Dissolved1955
HeadquartersBuenos Aires
IdeologyPeronism[2]
Progressivism[3]
Feminism[1][4][5]
Third Position (self-described)[2]
Colours  Light blue   White
Anthem"Evita Capitana"[4]
Party flag

The Female Peronist Party (Spanish: Partido Peronista Femenino, PPF) was an Argentine political party created in 1949 and dissolved in 1955. The party only accepted women and was founded by Eva Perón, who was also the first president of the party.

The PPF was organized and acted as an independent party, autonomous from the male-dominated Peronist Party. It counted with its own political structures and institutions. Under Eva Perón's leadership, the PPF sought to engage women in politics following the expansion of suffrage for women in 1947.[6]

In 1955, following the military coup that ousted Juan Perón from power, the Female Peronist Party was disbanded alongside all other Peronist parties and organisations.[7]

History

After obtaining women's suffrage in 1947, First Lady Eva "Evita" Duarte de Perón realized that the mere existence of the law did not guarantee the presence of women among candidates with the possibility of being elected. For that reason, in 1949, along with other women who had been politically active since 1945, they decided to found the Female Peronist Party.[8]

Origins

The party, also known as the women's branch or women's party, was created at a meeting held at the Cervantes Theater on 26 July 1949. While run similarly to the men's branch, Eva ran the party completely separated from it. Yet, the party more functioned as branch and the women in the PPF were placed on Peronist Party lists. Similarly to the Peronist Party, many of its members were working-class emerging leaders.[9][7]

Work

The PPF was organized from unidades básicas femeninas ("female basic units") that were formed in neighborhoods and towns, channeling the direct political participation of women in the Peronist movement.[10] During the economic crisis that hit Argentina during the early 1950s, these basic units offered classes in cooking, specifically meatless cuisine and the domestic economy, and also facilitated discussions on the Second Quinquennial Plan, all of which were done by volunteers and free for the general public. Similarly, to help in women to save on clothing, these units (along with the Peronist Association of Housewives) later provided free sewing, kitting and embroidery classes.[11]

Through the PPF's efforts, a large number of women were elected in 1951 to occupy legislative positions: 23 national deputies, the largest number in the western hemisphere, 6 national senators, and 80 in provincial legislators.[12][13][14] In the same year the PPF had 500 thousand members and over 3000 basic units.[14]

Eva Peron's Death and Disbanding

Following Eva's death in 1952, the party began losing strength and her husband Juan Perón followed her as president of the women's branch.[7][14] Soon after, Perón gave up the presidency and gave it to congresswoman Delia Parodi .[14][15] Like every other Perónist organization, it was disbanded by the military junta in 1955, after they overthrew Juan Perón on September 19, 1955 during the Revolución Libertadora.[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Barry, Carolina (2009). "Eva Perón y la organización política de las mujeres" (PDF). Universidad del Salvador (in Spanish). p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 February 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  2. ^ a b Poderti, Alicia Estela (2011). Perón: La construcción del mito político 1943-1955 (PDF) (PhD) (in Spanish). National University of La Plata. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  3. ^ Duggan, Bernardo A.; Lewis, Colin M. (2019-04-15). Historical Dictionary of Argentina. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-1970-9.
  4. ^ a b Rosemberg, Julia (21 January 2021). "Eva Perón y las luchas feministas". Télam (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  5. ^ Solís Carnicer, María del Mar (2010). "Las muchachas peronistas". El partido peronista femenino en la provincia de Corrientes (1949-1955) (PDF). V Congreso Latinoamericano de Ciencia Política (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Asociación Latinoamericana de Ciencia Política. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  6. ^ Barry, Carolina (9 December 2007). "El Partido Peronista Femenino: la gestación política y legal". Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos (in Spanish). doi:10.4000/nuevomundo.12382. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  7. ^ a b c Craske, Nikki (1999). Women and politics in Latin America. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-2692-2. OCLC 40359440.
  8. ^ Eva Peron. "Discurso el 26 de julio de 1949". Archived from the original on 9 December 2006.
  9. ^ Walter, Richard; Turner, Frederick C.; Miguens, Jose Enrique (November 1984). "Juan Peron and the Reshaping of Argentina". The History Teacher. 18 (1): 153. doi:10.2307/492901. ISSN 0018-2745. JSTOR 492901.
  10. ^ Eva Perón y el Partido Peronista Femenino, Roberto Carlos Koira, Causa Popular, 5 November 2006
  11. ^ Milanesio, Natalia (2006). ""The Guardian Angels of the Domestic Economy": Housewives' Responsible Consumption in Peronist Argentina". Journal of Women's History. 18 (3): 91–117. doi:10.1353/jowh.2006.0044. ISSN 1527-2036. S2CID 153620830.
  12. ^ Pablo Vazquez (23 May 2006). "Evita y la participación de la mujer". Rebanadas de Realidad. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.
  13. ^ Fowler, Will. Latin America since 1780. Second Edition. (UK: Hodder Education) 2008. p.116
  14. ^ a b c d McGuire, James W. (1997). Peronism without Perón : unions, parties, and democracy in Argentina. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2831-3. OCLC 35593834.
  15. ^ Barry, Carolina (2013). "Delia Degliuomini de Parodi: el desafío de reemplazar lo irremplazable". In Rein, Ranaan; Panella, Claudio (eds.). La segunda línea: liderazgo peronista (1945-1955) (in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero. pp. 133–158. ISBN 9789872739355.
  16. ^ del Cueto, María Soledad (21 July 2020). "El PPF, el Partido Peronista Femenino". Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social UNLP (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 February 2022.